Kupatsanura yemiti; mienzaniso uye zvinoitwa zvikuru taxonomic mapoka

Zvose zvinomera kuripo panyika, muri hwakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana kuti nyanzvi kanopfuura kamwe vakaedza kuronga. Kuti izvi zvidaro, vakagovana kunyika dzakasiyana mhando Maruva marudzi uye mapoka. Hwaro orudzi urwu Sorting vakaisa maitiro avo huru. Munyaya ino, humwe hurongwa kupatsanura zvinomera uchaderedzwa. ndichakubvunzaiwo kupiwa zvavo zvinokosha maitiro uye STRUCTURAL zvinhu.

Kupatsanura miti: mienzaniso uye zviratidzo

Chokutanga, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvirimwa vari zvinenge vanokwanisa autotrophic kudya kunovaka. Ivo zvibereko pachavo makemikari nyaya dzavo - shuga carbohydrate panguva photosynthesis kubva carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura. Izvi zvinoitikawo chloroplasts - munyoro plastids. Asi bedzi kana paine chiedza chezuva. zita Biological chiito ichi - photosynthesis. Ndicho chikuru chinhu kuti kuratidza hwaJehoshafati chirimwa kupatsanura inobva zvinoitwa mamiriro avo yechinangwa nedanho shanduka. Its muvambi ndiye Zhan Batist Lamark, uyo akatanga kaviri (binary) howa zita. Kupatsanura zvinomera (tafura mienzaniso), ona kuguma ino.

dzikisa miti

Wokutanga uye inonyanya chinyakare zvirimwa yakabuda panguva shanduka, muri algae. Vanewo kunzi yakaderera. Ichokwadi zvakare hurongwa kupatsanura zvinomera. Mienzaniso boka :. Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Spirogyra, Laminaria, Sargassum, etc. Lower zvirimwa zvakafanana ndechokuti muviri wavo chakaumbwa nomumwe masero zvisingakwanisi kubereka jira. Inonzi thallus kana thallus. Midzi algae ndeyakewo vasipo. Mashandiro aida substrate itakurwe filamentous rhizoids dzidzo. Nemaziso, vanotarisa kufanana pamidzi, asi vakasiyana kwavari pasina tishu.

yepamusoro miti

Zvino funga mhando zvinomera, kupatsanura ichi inobva nemamiriro kuomesa. Izvi rokutanga anonzi asvika pamhenderekedzo. Kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, tinofanira kukudziridza zvemaziso uye conductive jira. Wokutanga Nyika miti - Rhyniophyta - vaiva vaduku zvinenge. Vakanga kunyimwa mashizha nemidzi, asi akanga chinyama: kutanga zvemaziso uye conductive, dzaiva zvinokosha kudyara upenyu panyika. muviri wavo kwaisanganisira aboveground uye pevhu zvikamu Zvisinei, pane midzi vaiva rhizoids. Rhyniophyta kubereka kunoitika kuburikidza asexual kubereka masero - spores. Paleontologists vanoti wokutanga rokumusoro nyika miti akazviratidza mamwe mamiriyoni 400 apfuura.

Higher spore miti

Modern kupatsanura zvinomera, mienzaniso zvinopiwa munyaya zvinoraira kuomesa mamiriro avo maererano kuchinjira kumamiriro kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza. Mosses, tsvimbo mosses, horsetails uye ferns ndivo vokutanga pano zvinenge. Ivo bereka achishandisa spores. Muupenyu kunoita miti izvi pane alternation zvizvarwa: pabonde uye asexual, aine predominance wavo.

Higher mbeu miti

Ichi boka guru miti rinobatanidza zvipenyu bereka pachishandiswa rokubereka vana. Zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana kuenzaniswa spores. Mbeu ine ane mudumbu, dzakapoteredzwa inotonhorera kuchengeterwa uye svuura. Inochengetedza muviri pamusoro rwakashata ezvinhu ramangwana munguva kukura. Nokuda mamiriro ichi, ari mbeu mukana nani kutanga uye kukura, uye kunyange inoda zvimwe zvinhu: kuvapo kupisa, imwe yakakwana uwandu rezuva simba uye unyoro. boka iri unotora mapoka maviri: Holo - uye angiosperm marudzi.

gymnosperms

Mamirire zviri chikwata ichi ndicho kushaya maruva nemichero. Mbeu kuva pamusoro cône chikero rakavhurika, t. E. Bare. Naizvozvo, anodyara nokuda boka iri, uye vanonzi saizvozvo. gymnosperms Most aimiririrwa Conifers. Ivo vanoonekwa ne apical nhungirwa kukura, kuvapo dzinokosha inofamba, vakazadzwa nebwe zvinokosha anonhuwirira. Tsono-kufanana mashizha zvinomera izvi zvinonzi tsono. stomata yavo uyewo vakazadzwa nebwe, zvoita kuti kunyanyisa kwemvura kwacho uye undesired mwando kurasikirwa. Naizvozvo vazhinji Conifers ndiyo miti yakasvibira. Havadi kuteura mashizha pakatanga kutonhora mwaka. Pasikweya pamusoro gymnosperms zvose hazvisi zvibereko, nekuti havazivi kuumba ruva. Ichi rinokosha dikidiki kupukunyuka, iyo anoita mashandiro rokubereka kubereka.

angiosperms

Ndicho kupfuura boka zvirimwa zvikuru zvakaoma kuwana. Ivo Pari kugara hukuru nzvimbo panyika. Dzavo maitiro chinhu ndiyo pamberi maruva nemichero. Department of angiosperms, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa makirasi maviri: mumwe-uye dicotyledonous. Dzinonyanya chinhu ari hurongwa - rakakodzera chitsama cotyledons iri embryo mbeu. Brief kupatsanura yemiti, uye mienzaniso chikuru zviri nemamiriro huru taxonomic dzakabatana vanoonekwa vari patafura. Unoratidza kunzwisisa zviri sechivako zvipenyu zviri nedanho shanduka.

Kupatsanura zvinomera: tafura mienzaniso

Miti yose kasvisto zvinogona systematized. Regai akapfupikisa ose pamusoro achishandisa tafura pazasi:

The kuitika kupatsanura zvirimwa zvinenge hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru nedanho ravo kudzidza zvinoita kumisa hunhu uye interrelationships pakati pemapoka akasiyana-siyana.