Primates - zviri mhuri? Yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro primates vavo shanduka

Primates - yokuzviparadzanisa, chikamu mammalian mukirasi, mhando chordate mhuka (vertebrates subtype). Kirasi mhuka vanowanzotevedzera kurarama kuzvara, kuyamwisa mwana mukaka, pakurima nayo mudumbu. Vose veboka iri - homoiothermal, kureva kwavo muviri tembiricha rusingaperi. Uyezve, padanho muviri pamatunhu izvi. Mukuwedzera nepakati uye yomukati, mune mhuka dzose, kunewo chokunze nzeve. Nhunzvi vane mumasero mammary.

Primates (tsoko uye prosimians) pane mhuka dzose akasiyana, zvichida, mukuru upfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, pasinei musiyano pakati pavo, vazhinji zvinhu muviri mamiriro akafanana. Vanoshanda kunze refu muitiro yemhindumupindu somugumisiro danda mararamiro.

Mbabvu primates

Primates - imhuka mashanu-neminwe pakunzwisisa muzvidimbu tsime kunyatsobudirira. Zvinonzi dzakashandisa vaikwira vamiririri murayiro uyu pamusoro pamatavi miti. Vose vane bondo, uye akaparadzanisa zvizere ulna uye nharaunda, chinopa siyana kufamba uye kufamba nechemberi maoko nemakumbo. Chinjwa thumbs pamwe. Inogona apikisa mune dzakawanda mhando vamwe. Zvipikiri Anopiwa inouraya phalanges. In mhando primates tinazvo unguiculate zvipikiri, kana avo vane nenzara paminwe mashomanana, napagumwe roruoko kunoratidzwa sandara nezvipikiri.

Sechivako primates

Paaifamba panyika munyika vanotovimba tsoka yose. In primates namapuranga upenyu akabatanidza rutapudzo kunhuwidza uye pave kunzwa uye kuona zvakanaka. Vane 3-4 turbinate. Primates - vari mhuka, ane meso tinotungamirirwa mberi, periorbital mhete zvenyama Makomba akaparadzanisa muchadenga (lemurs, muti shrews), kana pfupa partition (tsoko, tarsiers). In nonhuman primates pachiso Mapoka 4-5 vibrissae (tactile bvudzi), dzakanga - 2-3. In tsoko, sezvo muvanhu, ganda anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri dzinokudziridzwa yose plantar uye Palms pemvura. Zvisinei, prosimians vanongova pamusoro balls. A-siyana mashandiro kuti forelimbs uye tichishingaira upenyu primates kwakaguma simba kukura kwouropi yavo. Uye zvakare zvinoreva kuwedzera mhuka idzi Vhoriyamu cranium. Zvisinei, hombe, zvakanaka dzakabudirira uropi pamwe convolutions zhinji uye mihoronga vane chete yepamusoro primates. KuLow- uropi mvere, pakanga zvishoma gyri uye sulci.

The bhachi uye muswe

In mhando boka iri akafukidzwa gobvu bvudzi. In prosimians pane undercoat, asi vakawanda vamiririri primates zviri underdeveloped. Makushe uye ganda zhinji zvipenyu zviri nemavara, yellow kana shava maziso. The muswe kwavari refu, asi panewo pfupi-tailed uye tailless chimiro.

chikafu

Primates - imhuka kuti zvokudya kazhinji musi zvakavhenganiswa kudya, hunodzorwa uswa. Dzimwe insectivorous. Dumbu muna primates, maererano zvakavhenganiswa mhando zvokudya nyore. Vane 4 mhando kwemeno - canines, incisors, guru (molars) uye diki (premolars) Indigenous uye molars pamwe 3-5 tubercles. Complete Kutsiviwa mazino kunoitika muna primates, izvozvo zvinoshandawo zvachose uye mukaka.

Saizi muviri

Ukuru vamiririri boka ichi muviri, pane zvinokosha zvakasiyana. The duku primates - mbeva lemurs, asi magorira kukura inosvika 180 masendimita uye yakakwirira. muviri uremu varume nevakadzi dzinosiyana - kazhinji yakakura kupfuura varume, kunyange zvazvo mutemo uyu ane Kakawanda zhinji. Mhuri mune dzimwe tsoko ine vakadzi anoverengeka uye vanhurume. Sezvo vazhinji muviri - mukana kuti ekupedzisira, pane zvakasikwa vakasarudzwa chokuita nezvibereko zvayo. Somuenzaniso, varume Hanumana kuunganidza Harem, rine 20 vakadzi kuti - mhuri yakakura chaizvo. Primates vane kurinda revakadzi dzavo nezvimwe varume. In mhuri iyi ari uremu hondo muviri kuti 160 vakawanda% vanhukadzi. Mune dzimwe mhando, ane varume zvisangane kuine mukadzi mumwe chete (semuenzaniso, Gibbons), vamiririri Vanhurume nevanhukadzi dzakasiyana havana kusiyana ukuru. Sexual dimorphism ari chaizvo zvakaneta anoratidzwa lemurs.

Kana kurwa kuti ubaba basa rinokosha kwete chete ukuru nomuviri Unit, sezvo primates. mhuka iyi, vane fangs zvavo chombo simba. Varume vanoshandisa navo nehasha mienzaniso uye kusawirirana.

Kubereka uye vana primates

Primates bereka gore rose. Yemanyorero munhu akaberekwa mhuru (nenguva yavo dzakaderera siyana zvinogona kuva 2-3). mhando huru primates bereka zvishoma kakawanda, asi vanorarama kupfuura vazvo duku.

Pazera gore vanokwanisa vawande mbeva lemurs. Gore negore, chiedza rinowanika pana maviri veshumba. uremu muviri neimwe anenge 6,5 d Pamuviri kunotora 2 months. Makore 15 - chinyorwa youpenyu hurefu kwazvakaita ichi. Female gorira, nekusiyana, zvinova pabonde akura chete 10 makore. Mumwe mhuru akaberekwa, body mass iyo - 2.1 makirogiramu. Pamuviri kunotora 9 months, pashure kwake pamuviri kunogona kuitika chete pashure 4 makore. Kazhinji magorira kurarama kusvika makore 40.

Common kuti siyana mhando tsoko, pamwe Misiyano pakati marudzi, muri vashoma nemarara. Kumhanya kukura vaduku dzinomiririra boka iri shoma chaizvo, yakaderera zvikuru pane kuti kuchengetwa mune dzimwe mhuka ane muviri zviyereso zvakafanana. Zvakaoma kutaura chii chinokonzera izvi rutivi. Zvichida zvinofanira vakatsvaka mu uwandu muuropi. Chokwadi kuti zvikuru simba-nyanyisa mumuviri zvakanyatsofanana uropi. In guru primates, ine mwero mukuru metabolic, izvo zvinoderedza mwero kukura nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, uyewo muviri ukure.

Tsika vachangozvarwa

In primates, nokuda yakaderera mwero kubereka kunoratidzirwa zvaidiwa kuti vachangozvarwa. Kazhinji varume vaduku vanourayiwa, izvo akabereka nehadzi nevamwe varume sezvo zvokudya nomumwe haagoni pamuviri zvakare. Vanhurume vari yepamusoro kwomuviri, zvakawanda maberekero kuedza. Saka vari kuita zvose zvinobvira kuramba genotype kwayo. The nhongo tsoko Somuenzaniso, Hanuman, nokuti kuberekana chete mazuva 800 kubva pamakore 20 oupenyu.

Mararamiro

Murayiro primates, sezvo mutemo, anogara miti, asi pane polunazemnye dzavanhu mhuka. The vamiririri ichi boka zuva mararamiro. Kazhinji aifarira kuva nevamwe, kashoma anosarudza kana kaviri. Ivo kunyanya vanogara subtropical uye dzinopisa Masango Asia, Africa, uye America, uye vari kuwanikwa dzakakwirira dzine makomo.

kupatsanura pakati primates

About 200 anozivikanwa mhando primates ano. Kunopiwa suborder 2 (tsoko uye prosimians), 12 genera uye 57 mhuri. Maererano kupatsanura, rakajairika panguva, mune primates yaisanganisira muti shrews, achiumba akazvimirira mhuri imwe. primates ava tarsiers uye lemurs anoumba suborder prosimians. Ivo batanidza kuburikidza lemurs Mbeswa mhuka pamwe primates ano, kuyeuka chii madzitateguru zvaiva munguva dzekare kare.

Primates: Evolution

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti madzitateguru primates ano vakanga insectivores chinyakare mhuka akafanana muti shrews, huripo nhasi. marangwanda avo akawanikwa muMongolia, muna Upper Cretaceous. Sezviri pachena, izvi mhando yekare vanogara Asia, iyo yakavapo dzimwe nzvimbo North America uye Old World. Pane kunge wakashanduka-shanduka kuti dolgotyapov uye lemurs primates izvi. Kushanduka yepakutanga siyana the Old World uye World New tsoko, sokuti, aibva yakasarira dolgotyapov (madzitateguru tsoko, vamwe vanyori funga yekare lemurs). Pasinei tsoko zvaiungana muTestamende World, paiva American primates. madzitateguru avo kubva North America akapinda South. Pano, ivo dzidzira nokuyaruka, achichinja kuita chete arboreal mararamiro. Nokuti vazhinji zvoutachiona uye anatomical unhu vanhu - zviri netsoko zvikuru. Tinoswedera imwe yoga mhuri yevanhu vane chizvarwa munhu, uye chete mhando imwe - yazvino akangwara.

The hunoshanda kukosha primates

Modern primates vari mukuru inoshanda kukosha. Vane kwenguva refu nguva Akakwezva yokuva nevenyama sezvo anosetsa. Tsoko zvaitsvakwa. Uyewo, akaratidza kutengeswa nokuda musha varaidzo kana munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka mhuka idzi. Primates Mazuvano kunyange kudya! VaAborigine nhasi kudya nyama tsoko zhinji. prosimians nyama iri kuonekwa zvinonaka chaizvo. Namatehwe mamwe marudzi kushandiswa nanhasi kupfeka zvinhu zvakasiyana.

primates mumakore achangobva kupfuura kuramba kukosha zvokurapa uye zvipenyu kuedza. mhuka idzi anoratidza simba kufanana munhu dzakasiyana-siyana anatomical uye vasiri maitiro. Uye kwete chete netsoko kukuru zvakafanana ichi, asiwo yakaderera. Vamiririri boka iri, kunyange kubatwa zvakafanana zvirwere sezvo isu (tibhii, nemanyoka, diphtheria, poriyo, dzihwa, gwirikwiti, etc.) Kuti zvinoitika yose nenzira sezvatinoita. Ndokusaka vamwe miviri yavo anoshandiswa nhasi mukurapa vanhu (zvikurukuru, itsvo yakasvibirira tsoko, macaques nezvimwe tsoko - a maberekero pasi kuti kurima nemavhairasi, iyo pashure kurapwa ipapo rokuchinja kupinda poriyo mushonga).