Kure negungwa mvura Eastern kweSiberia. Rivers, nyanza, Eastern Siberia, kunyanya hunhu

Siberia - yakasiyana nedzimwe dzinongoitika nzvimbo pamwe hunoshamisa kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Geographic zviri munzvimbo idzi dzingava ichifarirwa kwete chete kune masayendisiti nemainjiniya, asiwo vanhuwo vafambi uye vanhu hanya nyika uye zvose zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana. The hwaro Kugadzirwa kumatunhu kazhinji mumvura. Zvichida ndokusaka Sumo inofanira kutanga nemvura kupfuma. Saka, chii vari dzakawanda mvura Eastern kweSiberia, kuti zvinokosha kuziva? Ngatikurukurei kudzidza zvakadzama munzizi, madhamu uye negungwa munzvimbo, nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uyewo yaro nenzvimbo uye okunze zvinhu.

nzvimbo

Nharaunda rinofukidza mativi makiromita mamiriyoni manomwe. Geography Eastern Siberia inosanganisira nzvimbo kubva kumakomo, kutanga zviparadzanise Pacific uye kweArctic Ocean, kuti Yenisei bheseni. Pakati ndiye Central Siberian Plateau. Uyezve, pane vaviri pamapani. This North-Central kuSiberia uye Yakutia. Mountains inowanikwa Baikal uye Yenisei Ridge.

Kureba nharaunda kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba iri makiromita zviuru zvitatu. Miganhu of Eastern kweSiberia dziri muna Mongolia uye China. Kuchamhembe, panguva ndiye Cape Chelyuskin. Vazhinji ndima yakasiyana zvakakwana nzvimbo yepamusoro pamusoro pegungwa. River East Siberia, mazita kupfuura izvo dzichakurukurwa pazasi, zvakasiyana mukuru mvura uye vakatsanya dzenzvimbo, vanowanzoororwa kutumwa mipata yakadzika.

chiri Archean-Proterozoic bhesimendi, iro rinowanikwa panyika kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero uye yokumusoro kunyika anotsanangura. Nevhu zvinosanganisira PAMATOMBO, anokosha, charnockites. Mamiriro Akaita tectonic mahwendefa munzvimbo ino kupa nevamwe akapindira zororo. Zvinofadza kuti yakafanana sangano pemvura iri vakachengeta kunyange pasi pemvura Lake Baikal, pasi izvo kunokura rakafara dzezvitsigiro.

Lena

Chokutanga ndechokuti zvakanyatsonanga mumwe mukuru nzizi munyika. Its kureba zviuru zvina mazana mana makiromita, bheseni nzvimbo - zviuru mazana mana namakumi mapfumbamwe akaenzana makiromita. nharaunda yayo huru iri muna Irkutsk mudunhu uye Yakutia. Istok iri mujinga Makomo Baikal pagungano kukwira kusvika chiuru metres pamusoro pegungwa, uye runoyerera kupinda Lena mu nenyanza yeLaptev. Vazhinji nzira rwizi runoyerera kuburikidza matombo uye taiga. In yechando, yaita chando anenge kusvikira pasi, uye yakaoma muzhizha aigona nokuomesa zvachose. Power inopiwa kunayisa pamusoro Lena River uye madhamu ari Baikal nharaunda. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinoita zvasvika kudzika makubhiti gumi, uye upamhi mumupata kunogona kusvika matatu makiromita.

Mahombekombe nayo asymmetrical - mumwe zvinyoronyoro Nemikwidza, uye wechipiri - kumusoro uye mawere. Vabati vechibharo, uko kunopa Lena River zvokudya vari Vitim Viluy, Aldan. Near Yakutsk kunakidza dzinongoitika paumbwe jecha tenuka. Over ane zana namakumi mashanu chete kubva kugungwa rinotanga Delta, inova rimwe remasangano munyika. Ndima yayo anofukidza zviuru makumi matatu mativi makiromita - zvaitoshamisa pamwero haagoni kuzvirumbidza kunyange Nile. Munguva Delta mune zvitsuwa zvakawanda, aumba kubva jecha vakauya pamusoro.

Lena kazhinji mumwoyo chitubu, kunyanya mu okumusoro rinosvika. Mafashamo chingaitika muzhizha, pashure madzvotsvotsvo. Panguva dzakadaro, dziva iri kunyanya chinzvimbo, asi hazvina ngozi kugara nguva dzose.

Yenisei

Tikaramba kuongorora dzakawanda mvura Eastern kweSiberia. Yenisei nderimwe remasangano nzizi dzose Russian Federation. The zita rinobva Evenk shoko "Jonas", iro rinoreva "mvura guru". Rwizi ndiyo kuwandira.

Pool dzinowanzotsigi- riri Krasnoyarsk Territory. Okumusoro kunosvika dziri munharaunda kuMongolia. Kureba Yenisei River ndiye zvitatu namazana mana namakumi makiromita manomwe masere. Pool kukasawedzerwa rechibharo kakawanda, vakawanda vavo - zvakanaka kumahombekombe. Izvi zvinosanganisira Tuba, Angara Kan Kureika, pamaware uye Lower Tunguska, Hantayka. Kusiyiwa rechibharo ndivo Abakan, Sym, Kas Turuhan, Elohim. The chaizvo kureba Yenisei River uye chinopa wepagore chokubuda kunoshamisa - ndiwo makiromita anopfuura matanhatu. The pool ane zviuru zana makungwa, yakakurumbira zvikuru ndiro Lake Baikal. Uyezve, pane madhamu akawanda uye reservoirs maviri makuru - Sayano-Shushenskaya uye Krasnoyarsk. Nechezasi, rwizi runoyerera kupinda Yenisei Bay, raiva kuGungwa Kara.

Ob

Eastern Siberia akapfuma nenzizi huru. Somuenzaniso, Ob - mumwe makurusa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kondinendi Eurasian. It achiumbwa kubudikidza confluence of Biya uye Katun rwizi uye runoyerera kusvikira kuGungwa Kara. Rwizi zviuru zvitatu namazana matanhatu namakumi mashanu makiromita. Top kosi ane yakafara mupata. Nhete muromo chete mutaundi Kamen-na-Obi. rechibharo Major zvinosanganisira Tom, ivo Chulym, tým, Wah uye Kết, Vasyugan, Irtysh uye Big Yugan. Mukuwedzera, nharaunda mumaguta akawanda makuru nayo ayambuka rwizi Ob. Barnaul, Salekhard, Surgut, Novosibirsk - vose vamire dzarwo.

In okumusoro chinosvika riri mumwoyo kubva April kusvika June, uye pasi mukuru mvura kunoitika kubva April kusvikira September. Ice anogona kuzviviga mazuva mazana maviri namakumi maviri pagore. Pamhenderekedzo akafukidzwa huni, uye kazhinji achakudzwa, mu nevhu munzvimbo yakavanzwa anoshongwa uye zvisaririra. Choruzhinji kushandura rimwe gore zvishoma rwayo - kuruboshwe pamahombekombe unoshambidza zvivi, uye kodzero anozadza nejecha uye silt. Mukuwedzera, yechirimo mafashamo erwizi inokwira kubudikidza mamita mana, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikuru isingagari miganhu.

Ural

Length rwizi Yenisei zvikuru chaizvo, asiwo Ural Zvinokoshawo. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa kureba zviviri namazana mana namakumi maviri navasere makiromita uye ane nzvimbo mazana maviri namakumi matatu chiuru mativi makiromita. Kunobva riri pamusoro muhomba Uraltau. Uyu kumbonyanya kudzika rwizi - chokumusoro chinosvika nayo uye kashoma kukasapfuura kudzika hafu mita. Urals vari dzinofambiswa Sakmara uye Ilek, uyewo mvura uye utsotso chando.

Rwizi izere hove dzakasiyana-siyana - pano unoenda hove kuti Sturgeon, Sturgeon, bream, knot, kabhu, Pike, roach, bream, roach, neKubhi, Ide, gudgeon, bream, grayling. Ural chando Ndinoda - chokumusoro chinosvika - mune mangwanani November, uye pazasi - mugumo. Kuuya kure muaizi kubudikidza April.

Selenga

River East Siberia, ndandanda chiri wakafanira kudzidza, kusanganisira uyu. Selenga River ndiye kupfuura mutero kweLake Baikal uye runoyerera kubva kuMongolia. Chinenge chinhu Fusion kuna Ider Gol uye Delger-Mourin. On Nezvekwakabva rwizi pane inonakidza pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, kamwe pamusoro nguva yakanga akabatanidzwa pamwechete hanga. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, mashoko Selenga aiva mutero of Lena. Maonero nezvekwakabva zita kuri zvakasiyana. Vamwe vanodavira kuti "Selenga" muna Evenki iri chokuita neshoko "simbi" - "sele". Maererano nedzimwe pfungwa, vari Buryat shoko "Sal", izvo zvinoratidza pane mvura. Rwizi mazana masere nemakumi manomwe makiromita.

Mutero of Selenga vari Jida, Hillock, uda, Chika, Temnik. In Baikal kunoita matatu cubic makiromita mvura pagore, iyo nezvokuvandudzika hafu zvachose inflows. Volume kunobva mwaka yegore - muna June uye July Selenga zvikuru renguva ruchiyerera uye zvinooneka dzisinganyudze kubva January kusvika March. Mushure madzvotsvotsvo, rwizi dhishi anoparadzira, mwero inogona kumuka masendimita makumi paawa. Selenga Zvinounza Baikal ndiyo mvura kwete chete, asiwo rwoga nezvishoma - jecha, uwandu zvinogona kusvika kumusoro matatu nehafu mamiriyoni matani pagore kuti, kusvibisa ayo pasi. Kuwira mugungwa, rwizi unoumba anoyevedza Delta, inova yakawanda makiromita kufukidzwa unconsolidated sediments. Nechokunze, zvinoratidzika marshy pachena, iyo rakakamurwa zvitsuwa duku hova uye oxbows of Selenga. Huru kuyerera panguva mugove uyu anoenda pasi, saizvozvo kujairika Selenga uye yakabatana Baikal.

Pamberi kuvakwa hombe Hydroelectric simba yeredhiyo munzvimbo Irkutsk Delta aiva nguva yakawanda. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nzvimbo iyi anomira panze zvizivikanwe nemichina basa - pano Kudengenyeka inokwana gumi pfungwa. Delta vakaverengwa UNESCO sezvo yakasiyana nedzimwe dzinongoitika chakajairika pamwe yemapuraneti mutengo, ndiko kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo. On kuchengetedza nharaunda, musha kusvika mazana matatu eshiri, uye makumi manomwe iyo akarongwa Dzvuku Book. Izvi zvinosanganisira dema Crane, Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, chena-tailed godwit uye Asia. In kumabvazuva Delta ndiwo ornithological kuchengeterwa "Kabansky" mubasa Kununurwa pangozi.

Baikal

Nokudzidza dzomunyika mvura Eastern kweSiberia, hatigoni kukanganwa pamusoro nyanza ichi. Ndicho chikuru Freshwater rose kondinendi, uye chetatu zvose mvura kwemiviri. Tsvaga chiratidzo "gungwa. Baikal "pamepu zviri nyore - with kureba makiromita anopfuura mazana matanhatu, kufara - masere, saka ona pfungwa iyi nyore.

Pamahombekombe pakati dziva zvinoshamisa emakore akawanda inogarwa nevanhu, asi zvakasikwa zvakadaro sokuti mhuka uye isina kumbobatwa, kutanga chaiyo ezvinhu dzinongoitika chengetedza. Zvichida izvi nokuti vaiona imwe yakanakisisa nzvimbo panyika, kwakaratidzwa sevanotungamirira uye kunyange UNESCO pasi.

On mudziva iri pachitsuwa Olkhon. Holy Mhete kweItari rinokamukana pagungwa. Baikal muzvikamu zviviri. The kunonyanyisa kudzika mvura inosvika zviuru zvitatu namakumi manomwe navaviri mamita. Uyezve, pasi kunotangira zvikuru zvikuru akasiyana kumawere zvakananga kupinda mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno. In pedyo nemhenderekedzo kana maviri gobvu sludge kunotanga. Mostly pasi akafuka yokuwanda matanda, stumps uye mungarava yose miti.

Panguva kupfuura gungwa kuEastern Siberia matatu namakumi matatu namatanhatu rechibharo, chinonyanya kukosha ndivo Yokumusoro Angara uye Tunguska. Baikal anozivikanwa mvura yakajeka uye yakajeka. By December, dziva riri muchando uye chando kuuya kubvisa muna May. Mumwedzi yechando chando zvakananga uchipfuura nevezvokutengeserana, apo muzhizha imomo Company akashingaira. Mvura zvikuru inotonhora - mhepo inovhuvhuta kure inodziya pamusoro rukoko inongogara nokusanganisa nemvura yakadzika. Kubva chitubu kusvikira August pane gobvu bvungapfunga.

Ongororo Recent dzakaratidza kuti gungwa iri yaigarwa dzakasiyana-siyana mollusks uye invertebrates, uyewo anoyevedza uwandu mhando hove. mvura Amazing uripo zvakajeka kunyange pasi chando, iri raikosha, anozivikanwa pasi pose - kutarisa hwakakwana pose Lake Baikal ari akashanyira nevanhu vanobva pasi pose. Zvisinei, kuipa kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu pasi pano anogona kukonzera kunyangarika Fani iyi - the dziva iri kurasikirwa kuchena uye anogona zvachinja mumakumi emakore anotevera.

Taimyr

Kure negungwa mvura Eastern kweSiberia akasiyana-siyana kujairika zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, anozivikanwa Lake Taimyr Zvinofadza nokuti ndiyo kuchamhembe munyika. Inoyerera murwizi chete zita - Taimyr. The mudziva iri kure kuArctic Circle, uye nechokumusoro ndeyokuti pa makumi manomwe nevatanhatu inosiyana Latitude. Sevamwe nzizi Eastern kweSiberia, kuti dziva riri muchando kwemwedzi yakawanda yegore. Tiri chiri nemhenderekedzo pachitsuwa - zvakasiyana dzeraundi chimiro, matombo Mahombekombe uye mawere, vamwe vari mazitombo echando. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Lake. Taimyr iri munzvimbo aimbova pasi pegungwa. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakazorodza yakapoteredza nyika dziva. Kudzidza yegungwa chaiitirwa mune forties of namasere remakore - vaiita izvi vafambi rakakurumbira Laptev Chekin uye Chelyuskin.

nyanza Khantayskoye

Chimwe muviri hombe remvura riri kumaodzanyemba enyika Taimyr Peninsula. Veko vanouti zvakasiyana - Kutarmo. shanduro "Big Khantayskoye" inonziwo. Pedyo ndiyo musha chete zita, iro rakaumbwa makumi masere apfuura.

muviri ichi remvura anonzi nemamwe nemhaka kwayo udzamu - zvinogona kusvika mazana mana namakumi maviri metres, wechipiri chete kweGungwa reCaspian uye Lake Baikal. Lake Khantayskoye Anotambanudza masere makiromita refu uye makumi maviri namashanu pahupamhi, kufukidza imwe nzvimbo masere namakumi maviri navaviri mativi makiromita. The dziva iri mune tectonics-glacial dhishi, riri pamusoro rwenze Putorana kuti nhema panguva nekukwirira makumi matanhatu namashanu metres pamusoro pegungwa. With mudziva pedyo rinonzi Small Khantayskoye izvozvo rinobatanidza mumwe mugero. Nzvimbo iyi iri kumusoro kweArctic Circle, saka kunze kwese kuti nharaunda, huru zvakakwana - pano ndiyo permafrost rokufambira, uye naizvozvo mvura inotonhora zvikuru Hantayskogo nyanza, uye gore rose.

Kara gungwa

Domestic mvura Eastern Siberia uye chokuita nechitarisiko reservoirs zvakananga. Naizvozvo, hapana chakaipa kuti kuongorora nzvimbo uye negungwa. Somuenzaniso, Kara, iyo Rinowanikwawo boka Siberian Arctic. Rinoreva kuti Continental mhando shoma mumakungwa nokuumba bhandi Eastern kweSiberia kuchamhembe munzvimbo. An nzvimbo masere nemakumi masere nezvitatu namazana mativi makiromita, zvichiita rimwe remasangano. Bhuku mvura inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe navasere zviuru cubic metres. Avhareji udzamu akaenzana zana negumi uye vaifanira - makubhiti mazana matanhatu. Mvura dziri yakawanda archipelagos, izvo riri pamhenderekedzo. Kuchitonhora, gungwa pamusoro dzimwe nzvimbo ikoko nemadutu. Dutu kumadokero unobereka panyika mhepo inodziya gobvu, kazhinji ndiyo nyaya iri February. Zvadaro chitubu anouya, mhepo rinopisa nokukurumidza, uye mwedzi Hottest ndiye July, kana kutonhora vanogona kusvika kumhenderekedzo kuti pamwe maviri Celsius. The Sea Kara ane zvakadaro kukosha zvikuru munharaunda nekuti vazhinji kuwira parwizi Eastern kweSiberia mairi. Somuenzaniso, ndiko Ob uye Yenisei.

okunze zvinhu

Weather chero ndima kunoyerwa yayo nzvimbo. The okunze Eastern kweSiberia, kure Atlantic Ocean anogona kunzi Continental. Izvi zvinoreva anyatsoona pamwaka tembiricha zvakasiyana, makore diki uye kwete kumuremera kunayisa. In yechando ekunze ari pakutsvaga anticyclone Asian. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masikati simba tembiricha nokufamba zvingaitika. Akaumba chando, tembiricha inogona inowira kubvisa mana, uye dzegirini - yakaderera kubvisa makumi matanhatu. Panyaya iyi kusvika inodziya uremu kungawedzera tembiricha kusvikira zuva razero. Summer madutu ichibva kumavirazuva uye zvinopa anoyevedza huwandu kunayisa. The wegore Kuwanda kwavo anoda kubva zana nemakumi matatu chiuru millimeters.

The softest ezvinhu akasiyana Central Siberian Plateau. The ndima Yakutia kunoratidzwa aridity, sezvo Baikal nzvimbo pedyo negungwa ezvinhu, nokuda guru kukura pagungwa. Kanenge munharaunda kunayisa inowira muna February uye March. Okunze pakati Eastern kweSiberia anosika zvinhu nokuda zvakasvibirira masango kuti vafukidze vakawanda kundima, uyewo danho - ivo kunyange madhigirii makumi matanhatu rwokumusoro Latitude. The utsinye okunze nzvimbo idzi kuSiberia nzvimbo kwakavanzika munhau - pasinei nokuti zviwanikwa zviri munharaunda zvinoshamisa wakapfuma, zvakadzika kufamba kwemhepo uye kugara chando akaita nyika ino nzvimbo nhapwa. Nanhasi, nzvimbo dzakawanda kuramba pasingagarwi nemunhu, kuchengetedza pristine hunhu chaiyo nokuti mamiriro zvikuru okunze.

Biota

Zviwanikwa muna Eastern Siberia vane zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Zviri pano kuti Nde huni kugadzirwa. miti nharaunda yacho vanomirirwa mhuka dzakadai vanoondoroka, misidhari, misipuresi, spruce uye larch. Mukuwedzera, kumabvazuva kweSiberia musha mhuka dzakawanda dzakasiyana. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kwemarudzi puroteni. In pamakomo nzvimbo yaigarwa marmots, Kamchatka uye dzavhara dema-. Mumasango unogona kusangana Asian huni mbeva, voles kuSiberia. Mhuka kubva Red Book ndiye veko Tuvan Beaver. Pamahombekombe ari Yenisei kusangana Asian refu-tailed pasi squirrels. In boreal nharaunda mhuka dzakawanda isingawanzowanikwi uye kujairika vaiona kuva lemming, vanogara imomo sezvo voles uye dzimwe mhuka. Zviremwaremwa kwakamutsa redehwe bhachi uye Daubenton kuti nechiremwaremwa.

Insect mhando napapo zvishoma. mhuka duku dzinoturwa shrews uye Dahurian hedgehogs. KuMabvazuva eSiberia kurarama shava mabheya, Stony uye yokuSpain, makava, chamatebwe uye ferrets. Common nondo uye Sable, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo kune nemharapara nondo, kubhururuka squirrels, tsuro nemakonzo. Kusiyana kuti kuitwa izvi zviwanikwa muEastern Siberia, anopa enhoroondo mamiriro ayo somumwe yakatsvuka zvinhu kumatunhu.