Kushandiswa rezuva simba Panyika. Mikana yokuti kushandisa zuva simba munyika

Pari, dambudziko simba rakawanda kunodyira zvikuru zvakakwana - nyika yacho zvinhu hazvisi magumo, uye panguva kuvapo kwayo vanhu runako dzakaparadzwa chii yakapiwa zvisikwa. Panguva iyoyo, akashingaira marasha uye mafuta reserves izvo ose zuva ava duku. Simba Pfungwa akabvumira vanhu kuita incredible nhano mune ramangwana uye kushandisa simba renyukireya, vachiuya nazvo ngozi zvikuru zvakanaka yose kwezvakatipoteredza.

No zvishoma zvokukurumidzira ndiwo mubvunzo Environmental - rinoita migodhi pfuma uye dzavo kuramba kushandiswa iri anokanganisa mamiriro yepasi, kuchinja kwete chete hunhu ivhu, uye kunyange okunze.

Ndokusaka pfungwa dzose inobhadharwa dzinongoitika manyuko simba, saka Somuenzaniso, sezvo mvura kana mhepo. Pakupedzisira, pashure pemakore akawanda kudaro vanoshingaira kutsvakurudza uye kukura vanhu "yakura" pakushandisa rezuva simba munyika. Ndizvo nezvazvo uye icharamba nayo.

In ichi kwezva

Tisati anozodzidza kongiri mienzaniso, uzive zvinhu vafarire zvikuru mune simba Kugadzirwa vaongorori pose mhando iyi. twa Its chikuru anganzi hariperi. Pasinei dzakawanda hypotheses, mukana kuti nyeredzi sezuva achabuda nokukurumidza, ishoma zvikuru. Saka, asati vanhu vakaona mukana vawane simba zvashambidzwawo dzinongoitika nzira.

The pachena kushandisa rezuva simba kushandisa munyika Wechipiri ndouyu chisarudzo zvakatipoteredza noushamwari. Impact zvakatipoteredza pasi ezvinhu akadaro achava zero, izvo zvinozoita kunopa nyika apo nani ramangwana pane mumwe anovhura apo dzose kugadzirwa zvakawanda pasi mari.

Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo yokuti kushandiswa rezuva simba iri mudukusa ngozi kune munhu.

Sezvo Chokwadi

Zvino tinosvika pfungwa. Under vamwe zita enhetembo kuti "rezuva simba" anovanza chokwadi exchange nemwaranzi kupinda magetsi kushandisa zvikurukuru dzakabudirira ruzivo. Izvi inopiwa masero photovoltaic, iyo vanhu zvikuru kushingaira kushandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo, uye zvikuru kubudirira.

rezuva nemwaranzi

Zvakaitika kare kuti rokuti "nemwaranzi" munhu neshamwari kupfuura kunaka kupfuura zvakanaka maererano iwayo njodzi murume-akaita kuti vakakwanisa kurarama munyika hwake. Kunyange zvakadaro, unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu kuri kushandiswa simba kwezuva kusvikira Pasi kunopa basa raiva naye.

Zvikurukuru, kwakadai nemwaranzi riri remagetsi nemwaranzi, izvo siyana iri pakati 2,8 kusvika 3.0 microns.

Saka zvinobudirira kushandiswa nevanhu rezuva chakarondedzera chaizvoizvo matatu mhando nemafungu: UV (anenge 2%), vanenge 49% vane chiedza mafungu, uye pakupedzisira, zvakaenzana zvawanikwa michini nemwaranzi. Solar simba ane shoma dzimwe zvinoriumba, asi basa ravo duku zvokuti chaiyo kukanganisa upenyu havana nyika.

Huwandu rezuva simba wakawira pasi

Zvino, kana murwiyo rinoshandiswa kubatsira vanhu chakarondedzera anoratidzwa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mumwe chinokosha upfumi. Kushandiswa rezuva simba panyika zvinoita vaizotibata chaizvo uyewo nokuti Inowanika kumbonyanya yakawanda kupeta yakadereresa mutengo kuti marara. Total simba airatidza nyeredzi zvikuru guru, zvisinei, totaura kusvikira panyika vanenge 47%, yakaenzana kilowatt-kwemaawa manomwe namakumi quadrillion. Enzanisa tinoona kuti chete imwe kilowatt-awa achakwanisa kupa gumi simba chiedza Mabumba ari zana watts or.

Simba rezuva mwaranzi uye kushandiswa simba munyika, Chokwadi, kunoenderana zvinoverengeka on: zviri okunze, pakona rimwe kuitika yemwaranzi pamusoro pemvura, mwaka uye nzvimbo.

Kana uye zvakadini

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti zuva uwandu rezuva simba richisvika pose Pasi wava dzichichinja, sezvo iri zvakananga novimba nzvimbo mapuraneti pachinhu zuva rakaramba kuti nyeredzi. Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa kuti masikati chiedza sezvinobvira, apo mangwanani uye manheru, nhamba nemwaranzi kusvika pamusoro huduku zvikuru.

With chivimbo tinogona kutaura kuti kushandisa zuva simba achava zvikuru zvibereko kumatunhu, sezvo pedyo ine bhendi, nekuti ndipo musiyano yepamusorosoro uye yakaderera iri shoma, zvichiratidza kuti kufadza huwandu nemwaranzi kusvika nyika pevhu. Somuenzaniso, mundima murenje nzvimbo Africa wegore huwandu nemwaranzi rinosvika avhareji 2200 kilowatt-kwemaawa, nepo muCanada kana Somuenzaniso, inofananidza asingasviki 1,000 kilowatt-maawa Central Europe.

Solar simba munhau

Kana uchifunga sezvo broadly sezvinobvira, kuedza 'kupingudza "chinovheneka chikuru, achidziya redu, akatanga kare munguva echihedheni nguva, apo mumwe ichocho chave mudzidziso yoga huMwari. Asi, chokwadi, kunyange kana kutaura vasingagoni kuva pamusoro kushandisa zuva simba - munyika mashiripiti ushe.

Musoro kushandisa zuva simba munyika yava achishingaira amutsa chete mukupera XIV - mangwanani ramakumi remakore. The budiriro chaiyo zvesayenzi yakaitwa muna 1839 na Alexander Edmond Becquerel, uyo akakwanisa kuva piyona pamusoro photovoltaic maturo. Kudzidza wenyaya iyi yakawedzera zvikuru, uye kare makore 44 gare gare Charlz Fritts akakwanisa kuvaka yokutanga munhoroondo module, iyo hwaibva selenium-akaafukidza nendarama. kushandiswa rwakadaro rezuva simba munyika akapa shoma iri kubudiswa magetsi - yaipedzerwa kugadzirwa nguva haana kupfuura 1%. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokuti vanhu vose zvakanga budiriro chaiye, okutanga horizons itsva sayenzi, izvo haana kunge kunyange ndafungira kare.

Chinokosha mupiro pave zuva simba, akasuma panguva Albert Einstein pachake. Munyika yanhasi, zita musayendisiti raMwari kakawanda chokuita yake yakakurumbira dzidziso relativity, asi chaizvoizvo ari Nobel Prize akanga paakavapa nayo chidzidzo pamusoro photoemission.

Nanhasi mabikirwo rezuva simba kushandisa munyika iri kuitika kuburikidza meteoric simuka, hachisi zvishoma nokukurumidza kuchembera, asi bazi iri zivo kunoramba achiudza mutsva chokwadi, uye vaitarisira kuti mune foreseeable ramangwana pamberi wedu kuzarura musuo kuti nyika yose itsva.

Nature kutirwisa

On zvemashoko kushandiswa rezuva simba munyika, hatina kare kutaurwa. Zvino teererai zvinokanganiswa nzira iyi, iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, hapana zvishoma.

Nokuda zvakananga kuvimba nzvimbo yomugariro, okunze uye kufamba kwezuva kuvaka rezuva simba yakakwana zvizhinji zvinoda huru miganhu mari. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti mukuru kudyiwa nzvimbo uye kubudiswa zuva mwaranzi, chikuru uwandu yakachena simba isu kuenda mbudo. Placement akadaro gadziriro makuru zvinoda yakawanda vakasununguka nzvimbo, izvo chinoita kuti vamwe matambudziko.

Chimwe chinetso chokuita nokushandiswa rezuva simba munyika, iri zvakananga novimba nguva zuva, nekuti kugadzirwa achava razero usiku, uye mangwanani uye manheru nguva, zviri vasingakoshi.

Rimwezve ngozi ndiyo ekunze pachayo - unopinza Kuchinja ezvinhu anogona kukanganisa kushanda yakadaro ezvinhu, nokuti kukonzera matambudziko ari debugging anodiwa simba. Mupfungwa, mamiriro ezvinhu ane chimbichimbi yekupindurwa Absorção de Água uye rudzi mari kunogona kuva nengozi.

Zvakachena, asi zvinodhura

Kushandiswa rezuva simba Panyika kwakaoma panguva nokuda kwayo kudhura. masero Photovoltaic, zvakafanira kuti Implementation anokosha pezvakaitwa vane kudhura. Chokwadi, zvinhu zvakanaka kushandisa zvinhu zvakadaro abhadhare, asi kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero panguva haisi kutaura zvizere mutengo kupora mari.

Zvisinei, sezvinoratidzwa muitiro, mutengo masero rezuva anosiya zvishoma nezvishoma, zvokuti pamwe nguva dambudziko anogona kugadziriswa zvachose.

Zvakaipira kwacho

Uchishandisa zuva somunhu simba rine ndiro dambudziko zvakare nekuti nzira iyi kubudiswa zvinhu rakanyatsojeka nguva yakawanda uye asinganyatsoita. Zvinodyiwa uye nemwaranzi kubudiswa iri zvakananga novimba wakachena mahwendefa, izvo zvinopa zvikuru matambudziko. Uyezve, imwe chaizvo inokanganisa kwacho uye kudziyisa okunze, izvo zvinogona kudziviswa chete nokushandisa chakasimba kutonhora hurongwa zvinoda hapana mamwe mashoko mari, uye yakawanda.

Mukuwedzera, mahwendefa inoshandiswa rezuva vateresi, pashure pemakore 30 vanoshingaira basa zvishoma nezvishoma yakapararawo, sezvo mari rezuva masero ambotaurwa.

zvezvakatipoteredza

It vambotaurwa, kuti kushandisa kwakadai zvekuvaka anogona kuponesa vanhu kubva zvakakwana zvakakomba zvezvakatipoteredza matambudziko mune ramangwana. Inventory mabviro uye yokupedzisira chigadzirwa zvechokwadi kupfuura mukudyidzana nezvimwe zvisikwa yakachena.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kushandiswa zuva simba, rezuva vateresi kushanda musimboti ndiko kushandisa inokosha ndiro chete masero rezuva, iyo inodiwa kugadzirwa nevazhinji noxious zvinhu sezvo kutungamirira, Arsenic kana potassium. Kushandiswa zvavo chaizvo zvakatipoteredza ushamwari Zvisinei zvinoita kuuya, vakapiwa shoma ya huchishanda pamusoro nguva ndiro inoraswa kunogona kuva dambudziko rakakura.

Kushomeka nemigumisiro zvakatipoteredza vagadziri vari kutamira dzakaonda firimu mahwendefa, vane mari yakaderera uye zvishoma tigume zvakatipoteredza.

Nzira dzekufambisa rokutendeutsa nemwaranzi simba

Movies nemabhuku nezveramangwana revanhu iri zvinenge nguva dzose achatipa yakafanana mufananidzo acho, izvo, chokwadi, zvingasiyana substantially kubva chokwadi. Pane nzira dzakawanda kutendeutsa.

Rakajairika anganzi kare akatsanangura activation of photocells.

Nerumwe vanhu achishingaira anoshandisa zuva chafariz simba, yakavakirwa chaiyo kudziyisa hukawanika runovabvumira nhungamiro yakakodzera apo tembiricha yaunganidzwa kudziyisa mvura. Kana iwe gadzirisa muitiro napo, inogona kuenzaniswa matangi, iyo inoshandiswa chirimo nemvura iri mudzimba private zvekutepfenyura.

Chimwe nzira pokushandisa mwaranzi simba kuti vaunze mumwe "zuva nechikepe", izvo zvinogona chete kuita imwe Vacuum. mhando iyi ezvinhu anomuchinja mwaranzi kupinda kinetic simba.

Chinetso kwokushayiwa kugadzirwa usiku chibharuma zvishoma chakagadziriswa zuva simba anosima, basa riri kuramba nokuda kuunganidza mashoko akabudiswa simba uye nguva yacho kutonhora kwacho.

Isu uye dzinotenderera zuva simba

simba pfuma zuva uye mhepo panyika anoshandiswa zvikuru vachishingaira, kunyange zvazvo isu vasingawanzotauri kuzviziva. Yambotaurwa anonyadzisira kudziyisa mvura yokugezera yezhizha. Kutaura zvazviri, vakawanda gwenya simba rinoshandiswa kuti zvinangwa izvi. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane zvakawanda zvimwe mienzaniso: kunenge kwose chitoro chiedza zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona kuwanikwa nemari chiedza Mabumba, izvo zvinogona kushanda pasina zvemagetsi kuitika kunyange usiku nokuda simba vaunganidza masikati.

inobva photovoltaic zvivako zviri zvikuru rakashandiswa pana siyana kupomba pazviteshi, uye kufefetedza enyika.

Nezuro, nhasi, mangwana

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mari vanhu - solar simba, uye tarisiro kushandiswa kwayo zvakakwirira zvikuru. The indasitiri ari kushingaira mari, akawedzera uye akavandudzika. Zvino gwenya simba kupfuura yakatanga muUnited States, uko dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kurishandisa somunhu dzakazara nzira tsime zvitengeswa. Chete simba iri mhando basa iri riri Mojave Desert. Dzimwe nyika refu akaisa kosi iyi mhando magetsi chizvarwa kuti nokukurumidza anogona kugadzirisa dambudziko kusvibiswa.