Kutum hove: kugara uye kubata hove

Hove yekutum inonzi inofadza uye inonaka. Inonyanya kukoshesa munyika dzakadai seIran, Dagestan neAzerbaijan. Nyama hove inonaka kwazvo. Iyo nyika yenyika yeIranese mupunga yakabikwa nemupunga. Hove, mufananidzo waro unoratidzwa pasi apa, yakakura kwazvo. Muna 1997 mhando dzaiva dzakanyorwa muBlack Book yeRussian Federation. Anenge makore masere kubva panguva iyoyo, kubata hove yekutum kwakarambidzwa zvachose. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwenhamba yevanhu vemarudzi aya. Ichthyologists vakataura kuti pane zvakawanda zvakawanda mugungwa rekutum. Izvi zvakaitika nekuda kwekuberekwa kwezvipenyu zveDagestani, Azeri uye Iranian specialists.

Habitat

Caspian kutum ndeyemhuri yeKarpovs uye mhuri yeRoaches. Ndepapi hove dzekutum? Nzvimbo yayo yakakura ndiyo Gungwa reCaspian, kunyanya riri kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva. Hove yekutum haina kupinda mukati mamamita makumi maviri, uye inochengetedzwa zvikuru pamiromo yenzizi. Caspian kutum is subspecies of carp - iri hama yakakura, inogara mumhenderekedzo yeGlack neAzov. Mumu Volga, nhamba yevanhu vemarudzi aya iduku, nemhaka yemvura yakadzika mumvura.

Spawning

Nerestitsya kutum hove kumaodzanyemba kwenzizi dzeGungwa reCaspian, kusanganisira muVolga neTerek. Caviar inogara munzvimbo isina kudzika - pamatombo uye pamiti. Kuzadza pamusoro peTerek kunowanikwa kubva pakati pakati paMarch, uye paVolga - kubva pakati paApril. Vechidiki vanogara munzizi kwemakore anenge maviri. Pashure pacho, kutum inoenda kune gungwa. Mushure mekusvika makore anenge mana, vanhu vanoita zvekuita zvepabonde. Rufu rwavo runouya kuzotanga. Nguva yakakura iyo vanhu vakuru vekutum vanorarama, makore gumi nemana. Kuparara kweparera inowanikwa muvarume panguva yekuzadza ndeye epidermal tubercles. Izvi zvinokurudzira kusunungurwa kwakanyanya kwemazai nevakadzi.

Morphology

Mumuviri wekutum unotaridzika, ane rima shure neshinda yakasvibirira, dumbu rakatenderera uye rinenge rakachena girafu. Vakadzi vanowanzova vakuru kudarika varume. Uye iyo hove huru kutum, yakambobatwa, yairema 6 kg. Kubva kuGungwa raro reGungwa, iyo Kutum carp ine hukuru hukuru hwemusoro maererano nemuviri uye uwandu hukuru hwemuviri uye uremu. Zvokudya zvakanyanya zvekutum ndeye mollusks, minye uye zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana. Inodyisa hove kakawanda pagungwa nemvura yakasviba. Maererano nechimiro chemuviri, kutum inofanana nemusoro. Hazvisi pasina chikonzero chokuti ainge akanganisa nehove iyi nemusayendisiti Peter Pallas, uyo akaita dudziro yekutanga yezvinyorwa zvekutum. Ihove haina mazino echokwadi, uye zvokudya zvinopwanyika nemubatsiro wezvinonzi "pharyngeal meno". Chimwe chinhu chinofadza zvikuru chekutum chimiro chekushambira. Kusiyana nedzimwe hove, inenge yakareba uye yakarongedza kumashure. Mukuenzanisa neGlack Sea carp, kutum ine zviyero zvakakura.

Ndepi iyo kutum yakabatwa?

Pakutanga, vanhu vekutum zvisizvo hazvina kuitika munzizi dzedu. Asi mumakore ekutanga kwema2000, pakange paine maitiro ekutorwa kwehove iyi. MuCentral Russia, hove yekutum ishoma uye haigoni kuwira pamahombekombe ehove evabati vehove. Nokudaro, kubata kutum kunofanirwa kubudirira kukuru kune vabati vehove. Anobatwa, sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, muAzerbaijan, Iran, Dagestan, uyewo kuVolga, muGungwa reCaspian, pamvura Dniester, Terek uye Bug.

Kubata hove

Kubata kutum kunoitika panguva yekubereka. Panguva iyoyo, hove inotanga kubuda kwayo kumaodzanyemba kwezasi kweCaspian Sea. Kufamba kufanana nechokumahombekombe, mapoka ehove anotumirwa kuchamhembe, kune nzizi dzinoyerera kuenda kuCaspian. Pakati pekufamba kwegungwa, kutum inowedzera munzvimbo dziri kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, asi kwete munzvimbo isina kudzika-mvura yejecha, asi panzvimbo dzakadzika dzemvura. Nokudaro, hove yegungwa munyaya iyi inobudirira chaizvo pamhenderekedzo dzine mabwe. Nyove yakanakisisa yekurove inofungidzirwa kumabvazuva kumhepo. Uye nzira yakanakisisa yekuredza hove kutum kubva kumahombekombe ematombo ndeye mbongoro uye kusimba kwakasimba. Nokudaro, chengetedza zvigadzirwa zvezviyereso, tsvimbo yakanaka (yakanaka kupfuura mbatya), hooks uye net netsive yehove. Kubata hove kwekutum kunoitwa kubvira pakutanga kwaFebruary kusvika May.

River fishing

Kunyanya kubata kutum kumurwizi kuchava mangwanani-ngwanani uye kunonoka manheru. Panguva ino yezuva hove dzinofamba dzichibva kune dzakadzika kuti dzifudze. Mukati yekuita hove, edza kuti urege kuputsa runyararo munzira chero ipi zvayo, sezvo kutum ihove yakanyanyisa uye uye, pangozi duku, inopinda mukati uye ichivanza mumatombo. Bhabhi rakanaka kune iyi mhuka imhonje uye shrimp. Izvozvo zvinoputika pamuswe. Hove kutum muAstrakhan nhasi inobatwa zviri nani kudarika kare. Mu musimamende yemunharaunda yeguta iri kune mhando yemhando, iyo yakareba 53 cm murefu. Avo vaifamba nemugwagwa mukuru weAstrakhan-Makhachkala muzhizha vaizoona kuti vazhinji vekupora kutum vakanga vachitengeswa mumugwagwa. Uyewo, ani zvake anogona kuenda kunharaunda yeAstrakhan kunobata hove. Asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti munzvimbo idzi munguva kubva Kubvumbi 20 kusvikira munaJune 20, kubata pasi rose kunorambidzwa. Kuita izvi kunobvumirwa chete pazvivako zvehove nzvimbo, zvakasikwa zvakananga kumitambo uye kubata hove.