Louvre anoshanda: mifananidzo, zvivezwa, Pamifananidzo

Nyika akakurumbira Louvre Museum chinokwezva mamiriyoni evashanyi ose gore. Mabasa Louvre - nayo anonyatsorayiridzwa zvekunyora muunganidzwa unokubvumira kuronda nhoroondo yose art. Kune chisingarambiki ounyanzvi, izvo zvinofanira kuziva uye kuona kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwake nomumwe, achiti kuumbwa.

Louvre garo

August 10, 1793 kokutanga akazarura mikova ayo mumwe mamiziyamu inokosha munyika - mashoko Louvre. Pfungwa rakasikwa ruzhinji miziyamu ane kuratidzwa nemabasa ounyanzvi yakabuda mushure French Revolution, apo kwakasarudzwa kuisa youmambo zvinokosha vanoonekwa. Kubva pazuva chimurenga muhurumende akatanga torera mabasa ounyanzvi kubva vakakwirira, saka zvakanga mavambo miziyamu muunganidzwa. Mumakore mashomanana nokuti akaunganidzawo vakawanda tsika dzavo dzokupisa aiva chivakwa yakakura, iro rakava Castle yekare.

Louvre chivakwa

Louvre mabasa anoda yakawanda nzvimbo, uye maziso varongi vari miziyamu vakatendeukira guru risina mumuzinda pakati Paris. Chivako ichi kwakabvira kare. Mwoyo Louvre inhare guru, yakavakwa muna 1190. Chinangwa chacho zvainyatsokonzerwa utilitarian - kubva yakakwirira vakanga kuongororwa kuti kusvika VaViking. Muna 1317, Charles Rechishanu anoita wenhare sezvo yaaigara, pano vakatamirawo chefuma Paris. Mumakore kushanda reshongwe wekare ndiyo chakasakara uye akaputsa, zvikuru kuti chivako yakarasikirwa zvayo kuzvidzivirira nerevane akava yokugara youmambo. Francis kutanga muna 1546 akapa basa kuna Pierre Lescot. Waiva basa kuvakazve yemauto zvichiita kuti ive chaiyo mumuzinda pamberi pake. Akagadzira proposes kuvaka sikweya chivanze, mativi matatu ayo yakashongedzwa youmbozha zororo uye wechina - hayo kuwana guta centre. Kana mapurani upenyu akakwanisa kupedza kuvakwa chete kumavirira bapiro, iro nhasi anotakura zita rake. chirongwa chake vakauya upenyu muna 1555 uye akava kwazvo muenzaniso Renaissance mapurani. muna 1594 Henry IV akasarudza kuti unofanira kubatanidza Louvre kuti ari Tuileries Palace. Mumakore 1655-1670 Lui Prevo anowedzerawo Palace uye kunowedzera zvina. Apo Louis XIV okumabvazuva France yakaitwa muvharanda kuti mwoyo yakawanda ezvivako inozivikanwa European, asi muna 1682, anorasikirwa kufarira chirongwa uye kunoita kugara Versailles. Anenge makore zana Louvre chinhu, chakasakara, uye kunyange ipapo pfungwa yaro kuparadzwa. Louis XV akafungisisa kusika munhu miziyamu mumuzinda, pfungwa yake rakatangwa mushure chimurenga.

Under Napoleon Vokutanga vakavakazve kuchamhembe France, uye muna 1853 rwose Louvre zvakaoma rakapera. Muna 1891, vakaumba mufananidzo yamambo, izvo isu kuona nhasi. Wokupedzisira zvikuru mapurani kugadzirisa kwakaitika muna 1989, apo girazi piramidhi yakavakwa muchivanze the American mapurani ıO Ming PEEM - huru nomukova miziyamu.

Louvre kuunganidza: nhoroondo uye nhungamiro

Mabasa Louvre vakatanga kuungana kunyange apo Louis XIV, uyo ari mweya nguva yake akatanga kusika unyanzvi muunganidzwa. Hwaro muunganidzwa rine mifananidzo kubudikidza Italian vemifananidzo, akatenga Francis kutanga. Louis XIV akatenga guru muunganidzwa emifananidzo (200 paintings) muna bhenga toads. King anogara kutsvaka mukana kuzadza muunganidzwa wake. Akawanza ari pavane yemberi miziyamu kusvika 2,500 mifananidzo, akawana siyana zvidimbu ounyanzvi. Pashure pokuchinja, kuti miziyamu muunganidzwa anotanga ayakazadzwa nezveku- yokutorazve pfuma. The Louvre Museum iri hwakatamisirwa pavane chivezwa. Panguva Napoleonic kukunda Louvre mari achishingaira kukasawedzerwa ne mikombe, nokuda matongo Zvakafukunurwa muIjipiti uye East. Uyewo, kurapa miziyamu, pamwe pachake mari yayo, ari kushanda Kusarudzwa uye kutenga mabasa ounyanzvi. The muunganidzwa haina kuumbwa nomuzvarirwo, kusarudzwa mabasa ounyanzvi anoratidzwa ne kukosha, chete ounyanzvi vauye Louvre. zvinokosha vateresi vazhinji ikazopiwa ake Louvre muunganidzwa. Saka, muna 1936, miziyamu chipo wemabhuku Graphics ose Baron Edmonda Rotshilda mu uwandu vanopfuura zviuru 45 Exhibits. Uyewo guru pfungwa kwanisa French National unyanzvi. Nhasi, ari Louvre, pane Exhibits anenge 400 uye kuunganidza mberi kuumbwa. Nezvokumutswa kukura mari pakupera remakore rechi20 kunotanga kushingaira redistribution mabasa ounyanzvi pakati mumamiziyamu muFrance. Louvre shoma zizi muunganidzwa musi 1848, uye zvakawanda kuchangobva mifananidzo vakapararira kune dzimwe kuunganidza.

Nhasi miziyamu muunganidzwa iri conventionally mapoka mapoka; unyanzvi dzokuMabvazuva ekare, muIjipiti, nyika yekare, Islamic unyanzvi, kupenda, kudhirowa, unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi.

Art of Ancient World

Vazhinji miziyamu muunganidzwa rine zvinhu ounyanzvi yekare. Mabasa Louvre iri dhipatimendi yekare iwe hunomiririrwa kumatunhu akawanda. A guru chikamu muunganidzwa rine zvinhu kuwanikwa Pavaichera muIjipiti, uye ari inozivikanwa mufananidzo dzaRamses II, iyo chivezwa "Kugara katsi", sphinxes, sarcophagi, kuumba, kwezvishongo uye zvakawanda, kusanganisira rusvingo mifananidzo, reliefs, nechomukati okunze. Art of Ancient dzokuMabvazuva muunganidzwa mabasa ounyanzvi Mesopotamian mutsika, Iran, Mediterranean.

Ounyanzvi ose antiikki chivezwa

Hwaro chivezwa muunganidzwa inoumbwa kuzviwanira Louis XIV. Nhasi mune miziyamu muunganidzwa vari ounyanzvi vechokwadi, akadai "Yana Milosskaya" - chivezwa kuti chinokwezva vashanyi vakawanda. Kazhinji ndiwo kuona Paaidzidzisa, vashanyi vauye Louvre. Chimwe basa chinokosha kare ndiyo chivezwa "Nika Samofrakiyskaya", iyo yakawanikwa uye adzorerwe Paris rive akiyorojisiti French Shampuazo. Nguva Roman inomiririrwa kuwanda yakanyungudutswa, Bhanabhasi-reliefs, zviri. Yard yekare chivezwa muna Louvre, sunlit kubudikidza girazi denga, vachibvumira vanoshamba munyika hazvienderani uye zvakakwana.

Tsika Leonardo da Vinci

A rinokosha uchikwezvwa kuti vashanyi uye evanofarira ndiye mufananidzo "Mona Lisa". Muna miziyamu dzakawanda anouya chete kuona kunyemwerera kwake zvisinganzwisisiki. Asi kunze kwaizvozvo, Louvre unozvirumbidza mamwe mabasa mana vatenzi kukuru. No zvishoma zvinokosha, asi zvishoma zvishoma yaizivikanwa ibasa "Mhandara of Rocks." basa iri rakanga vakasikwa 80s pakati remakore rechi15, iri yamambo kuunganidzwa muna 1625. Zvinonzi kusiyaniswa chakanakisisa mushonga nzvimbo seri vatambi, pano munyori anoedza unyanzvi vakanga kushandisa paya zvakazara kunyora "Mona Lisa". "Mhandara of Rocks" - ndiwo shanduro basa panyaya iyi yokutanga, wechipiri shanduro iri London Museum. Uyewo Louvre ndiye zvakakodzera anozvikudza mabasa akadai "Portrait of musikana," "Madonna uye Child pamwe St. Anna "uye" Ioann Krestitel. "

Ounyanzvi wenyika Classics

Louvre - mumwe mukuru mamiziyamu munyika, uye kubwinya, Chokwadi, vanoumba Nyanzvi yacho yemapuraneti akamboona. Izvi zvinosanganisira, pakutanga, "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci, asiwo unogona kuona seminal basa Teodora Zheriko "The igwa kuti Medusa", akawanda mabasa Zhaka Davida, zvikurukuru, "The Coronation pamusoro Napoleon". Rare basa I. Bosch kuti "Ship pakati Fools 'ariwo chiwanikwa pamusoro miziyamu muunganidzwa. Louvre ndiye muridzi vanofara pamatende S. Botticelli, Raphael, Memling H., A. Dürer nevamwe vazhinji. WeDhipatimendi chivezwa undoubted Hits mabasa maviri Michelangelo: "Dying Muranda" uye "The wakazara vapanduki muranda".

iwe French

The muunganidzwa National uri Louvre anomiririra zvose nguva uye mhando okugadzira zvinhu. The muunganidzwa ounyanzvi zhinji, izvi zvinosanganisira, Somuenzaniso, kupenda Ezhena Delakrua, "Liberty Aitungamirira People." It inonyatsobudisa mafungiro nezvaiva munyika panguva chimurenga. Akava chiratidzo itsva makanaka uye Republic. Plastic art nyika anomiririrwa, kusanganisira mufananidzo Greek mutambi yemabhura. "Milo pakati Croton ne shumba" - zvinokosha basa ne nomuvezi French Pierre Puget sezvinoita vanatenzi yekare. Shanda katyamadza expressiveness uye simba manzwire. "Milo pamusoro Croton shumba" chinoratidza pachimiro rinoshamisa kutambura kwevanhu, nesimba mumhanyi uye mweya wake.

Graphics

Mugore kwakajeka kuunganidzwa kwemashoko Louvre iripo Bole 130 zviuru Exhibits. Kusvikira dzimba idzi kazhinji regai kusvika vashanyi pano vari connoisseurs vechokwadi. Zvechokwadi, muna Louvre muunganidzwa mabhuku akawanda, vanodhirowa, Prints akanakisisa vanyori munyika. Kusanganisira vanodhirowa H. Rembrandt, Jean Chardin, Delacroix.

Arts uye Crafts

A Kuzvikudza chinokosha miziyamu ndiyo dzakaunganidzwa unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi. Zvinhu kushongedzwa, zvokushongedza, zvokupfeka, midziyo kubva eras siyana dzinokurukurwa akawanda wamakamuri Louvre. Chokutanga Akakwezva Napoleon III nemafurati. Heino kwaakaita kwakakwana uye kushongedzwa of dzokuzvinatsa imba manyorero Louis regumi uye namashanu. Pano unogona kuona imwe dzakaisvonaka fenicha, nezvirongo, musha kushongedzwa. Asiwo miziyamu ane mienzaniso yakanakisisa zvombo uye rakashongedzwa kudzorerwa uye ushe Napoleon Vokutanga. Kufarira kukuru muunganidzwa midziyo, decoration zvinhu uye nezvishongo nguva Gothic, Baroque, Italian uye French Renaissance. Furniture muunganidzwa panguva Louvre ndomumwe chakanakisisa munyika.

What kuona

Kuti uone zvose Exhibits ose Louvre, hazvina kukwana kwemwedzi mishomanana, uye kana iongororwe nokungwarira, uye makore anoverengeka. Asi kana imi hamugoni kupiwa miziyamu sezvo nguva yakawanda sezvo unofanira kufunga nzira wopindura mubvunzo kuti iwe unogona usarasikirwe? Pane pakuva tichiona Louvre, iyo vachaona chinonyanya kukosha. For vashanyi kumhanyira mune huru miziyamu ounyanzvi muNzvimbo dzimba yokutanga pasuo, uye varipo anokosha zviratidzo, kwete kuti kurasika. Asi mamwe mabasa akafanira kuteerera, inoiswa yakakodzera Zvikamu, saka Ezhena Delakrua kupenda "Liberty Aitungamirira People", riri kuunganidzwa unyanzvi French. Saka unofanira kuwana nzira dzavo pamusoro miziyamu redunhu uye kuwana zvakanaka mumba. Mazano rakapa pasuo pachena mumitauro inoverengeka, kusanganisira Russian.

Kuti varege kurasika ari rakakura nzvimbo uye ona chinhu chinonyanya kukosha, unogona kushandisa rinokosha pakarongwa mikuru ounyanzvi, iyo inosanganisira: chidhori "Yana Milosskaya", mumwe chivezwa yekare - "Nika Samofrakiyskaya" mufananidzo "Grande Odalisque" by J. Ingres uye "The Lacemaker" J. Vermeer, Leonardo da Vinci, chifananidzo dzaRamses II.