Magnesium alloys kushanda, kupatsanura uye zvivako

Magnesium alloys vane uwandu yakasiyana mumuviri uye nemakemikari zvivako, mukuru pakati zviri pasi arambe achirema uye yakakwirira simba. Kusanganisa zvinhu izvi zvinhu pamwe kuwedzera magnesium achibvumira zvinhu uye ezvirevo tiine yakakwirira simba unhu uye vakaderera uremu.

magnesium Magadzirirwo

Industrial kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa magnesium achiri ichangopfuura - chete anenge 100 apfuura. simbi iyi ane pasi uremu sezvo ane hwakanyatsorwisa yakaderera arambe achirema (1.74 g / smᶟ) kutsiga zvakanaka mumhepo, alkalis, gaseous venhau uye ndine fluorine tigutsikane mu chicherwa mafuta,.

ayo utsotso ndeyekuti 650 inegumi. It kunoratidzwa yakakwirira reactivity kusvikira kwatangwa combustion mumhepo. Kwakachena magnesium Tensile simba riri 190 MPa, modulus kuti elasticity - 4500 Mpa, elongation - 18%. Metal ane refu damping kukwanisa (zvinobudirira absorbs kwakavharwa nenyama vibrations) kuti anopa nayo chakanakisisa portability uye kuderedzwa kuvhunduka aikanganiswa resonance zvakavapo.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu maatomu akafanana izvi zvakanaka chafariz conductivity, kamari kwaniso yekubata chafariz neutrons uye kushamwaridzana renyukireya mafuta. Nokuda kuti mubatanidzwa zvivako izvi magnesium chiri yakanaka mashoko mukuru-tembiricha hermetic goko zvinhu zvenyukireya reactors.

Magnesium zvakanaka yakapambadzirwa pamwe simbi dzakasiyana-siyana uye anorondedzera nokuwanda simba yokuderedza nevasori, izvo hazvibviri pasina metallothermy rikurumidze.

In yakaisvonaka chimiro zvinonzi ainyanya kushandiswa sezvo dopant iri alloys pamwe aruminiyamu, titanium, uye vamwe zvine maatomu akafanana. In ferrous simbi pamwe magnesium rinoitwa desulfurization zvakadzama simbi uye simbi, uyewo kuvandudzika ehupfumi neyokupedzisira kuburikidza spheroidizing graphite.

Magnesium uye dopants

Rakajairika dopants aishanda magnesium anotsanangura alloys zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai aruminiyamu, manganese uye zinc. aruminiyamu iri nani nokuda chivakwa kunowedzera fluidity uye nesimba zvinhu. Nhanganyaya zingi anopawo Kunogara alloys pamwe kuderedzwa zviyo saizi. Kushandisa manganese kana zirconium kunowedzera ngura nemishonga yose magnesium alloys.

Kuwedzera zingi uye zirconium rinopa simba rakawedzera uye ductility metallosmesey. Uye kuvapo zvimwe isingawanzowanikwi pasi zvinhu zvakadai neodymium, cerium, yttrium uye nezvimwewo., Anotsigira kuwedzera kupisa kurwisa maximize ari zvemaziso ehupfumi kuti magnesium alloys.

Kusika ultralight zvinhu vane arambe achirema pamusoro 1,3 kusvika 1,6 g / mu mᶟ lithium alloys hunosumwa. chirungiso Izvi zvinogona kuderedza zvavo uremu nehafu achienzaniswa aruminiyamu metallosmesyami. Saka avo indices plasticity, fluidity, processability uye elasticity dziri pamusoro LEVEL.

Kupatsanura alloys vane magnesium

Magnesium alloys dzinoiswa maererano akawanda zvinodiwa. Ivo:

• nokuda nzira kubudiswa - vachikanda akasonerapo;
• maererano mwero aikanganiswa kupisa kurapwa - pamusoro neuprochnyaemye uye achiomesa kupisa kurapwa;
• The zvivako uye chikumbira - kuti chiwanikwa kupisa nemishonga, simba mukuru uye mukuru-chinangwa;
• nokuda doping maitiro - pane mapoka akawanda neuprochnyaemyh uye unowomeswa kubudikidza nokupisa kurapwa achiita magnesium alloys.

Kudzingwa alloys

boka iri rinosanganisira kuwedzera magnesium alloys, aiendeswa pagadzirwe dzakasiyana-siyana zvikamu uye zvinhu nokuda chakuvhuvhu Kudzingwa. Vane zvakasiyana zvemaziso ehupfumi, zvichienderana zviri rakakamurwa nemakirasi matatu:

• sredneprochnye;
• mukuru simba;
• kupisa nemishonga.

Maererano makemikari anoumba alloys vari mapoka mapoka matatu:

• aruminiyamu + magnesium + zingi;
• + Zingi + magnesium zirconium;
• MG + Zr + isingawanzowanikwi Earth.

chiwanikwa castability

Best castability ehupfumi pakati zvibereko mapoka aya matatu vane aruminiyamu-magnesium alloys. Vanopinda kirasi nezvinhu dzakakwirira simba (220 MPa), saka ndivo yakanakisisa sarudzo yokuita injini nhengo ndege nedzimwe motokari uchishanda ezvinhu enyika zvemaziso uye chafariz zvinorema.

Kuti uvandudze simba unhu aruminiyamu-magnesium alloys uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri doped. Asi kuvapo simbi uye mhangura netsvina iri chisingadiwi, sezvo zvinhu izvi zvine kunambwa weldability uye ngura kuramba ari alloys.

Kukanda magnesium alloys ndagadzirira-siyana utsotso yamavira: a reflector, mumwe Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist pamwe gasi, mafuta kana yemagetsi nenharo Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist kana induction dzakabatana.

Kuitira kudzivirira combustion mu nedanho utsotso uye achidzinga kushandisa anokosha nekubudisa uye yokuvirisa. Castings vari vakazvigadzirirwa jecha Kudzingwa, goko Kudzingwa uye plaster, pasi kumanikidza uye kushandisa inivhesitimendi avaiita.

akasonerapo alloys

Zvichienzaniswa kuraswa, akaita magnesium alloys dzine simba, ductility uye kusimba. Vari kushandiswa pakugadzira preforms nzira inofamba, kudzvanya uye punching. Sezvo kupisa kurapwa chigadzirwa rinoshandisirwa panguva tembiricha kuti 350-410 nokuomesa dhigirii, ichiteverwa kutonhora pamadiro pasina kuchembera.

Kana muchidziisa mapurasitiki ehupfumi zvakadaro zvinhu kunowedzera, saka kubudiswa magnesium alloys rinoitwa kuburikidza dzvinyiriro uye panguva pamatunhu tembiricha. Tsikwa rinoitwa pana 280-480 madhigirii pasi nevezera achishandisa Akanyatsovharwa anofa. Kana chando rinopfungaira vakaperekedza kakawanda zvenguva recrystallization anneals.

Kana Welding magnesium chiwanikwa zvinogadzirwa musono simba anogona kuderedzwa pamusoro zvikamu apo akaita mondo, nokuda nehanya nezvinhu zvakadaro overheating.

Nzvimbo chikumbiro nokuwedzera magnesium alloys

Nokukanda nzira, deformation uye nokupisa vabatwe alloys akaita zvakasiyana Semi - vara, ndiro, Profiles, machira, forgings, etc. blanks aya anoshandiswa kugadzirwa zvinhu uye mashoko ano michina mano apo uremu rine chikuru basa kunyatsoshanda zvivako (akaderedza uremu) pavanenge vaine simba ravo ehupfumi. In tichienzanisa aruminiyamu magnesium nyore 1.5 nguva, uye simbi - 4.5.

Pari kushandiswa magnesium alloys iri kwazara munyika Aerospace, motokari, zvechiuto uye mamwe maindasitiri, apo dzavo kudhura (vamwe pezvitsiga ane mu sezvamunoita zvavo zvinodhura zvikuru alloying zvinhu) anoruramiswa kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, kugona kusika zvimwe yakasimba, makasimba, simba uye kuchengeteka kuti anogona kushanda zvinobudirira ezvinhu akaipisisa, kusanganisira dzimwe pamatunhu tembiricha.

Nokuda mukuru yemagetsi zvinogona, alloys aya mashoko yakanakisisa kusika aidzivirira kuti anopa electrochemical kudzivirira simbi zvivako, zvakadai motokari zvikamu, pevhu zvivako, mafuta platforms, zvikepe, nezvimwewo, kubva ngura pezvakaitwa kuitika pasi pokudzora mwando, yakachena uye marina mvura.

Alloys zvave pamwe kuwedzera magnesium mune zvakasiyana redhiyo enyika umo acoustic Rwonzi akagadzirwa ultrasonic kunonoka mitsetse kuti zviratidzo zvemagetsi.

mhedziso

Modern indasitiri nzvimbo inozikanwa yepamusoro zvinoda zvinhu noruremekedzo kuti simba ravo, kupfeka nemishonga, ngura kurwisa workability. Kushandiswa magnesium alloys ndeimwe ndiyo nzvimbo, saka pakutsvakurudza chokuita kutsvaka ehupfumi itsva magnesium wayo zvichibvira mafomu, usaregedza.

Pari kushandisa magnesium anotsanangura alloys kusika akasiyana-siyana zvikamu uye zvivako anogona kuzadzisa kuderedza zvavo uremu kubudikidza anenge 30% uye kuwedzera tensile simba 300 MPa, asi, maererano masayendisiti, hachisi muganhu uyu akasiyana simbi.