Mari Republic: rondedzero, guta, nzvimbo, uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Mari Republic (Mari El) - mumwe Russian Federation, vane zvavo mamiriro. inotungamirwa ichi, iri European chikamu Russia, vane kuzvionera kodzero kubvira nguva Soviet. nharaunda iyi rakanyatsojeka akasiyana uye ari kufarira yokutsvakurudza muminda siyana. Ngatitore kuziva chii chinoumba kuti Mari Republic uye vanhu vayo.

nzvimbo

The Republic of Mari El iri muna kumabvazuva European chikamu Russian Federation. Kuchamhembe uye kumadokero nyaya Federation pamusoro pamuganhu Nizhny Novgorod mudunhu iri kuchamhembe uye mabvazuva - pamwe Kirov nharaunda, kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva - pamwe Republic of Tatarstan, uye kumaodzanyemba - Chuvashia.

Mari Republic iri mune unozvidzora okunze mapazi ane unozvidzora Continental okunze mhando.

Nzvimbo nyaya iri Federation ndiyo 23.4 zviuru ba. M. km ndiro indekisi 72-M pakati zvose kumatunhu munyika.

Guta guru Mari Republic - Yoshkar-Ola

Brief Historical Background

Zvino zvishoma tarisa nhoroondo Republic of Mari El.

Kubvira kare, ndima iyi yaigarwa Finno-Ugric madzinza, uyo, chokwadi, muri rudzi titular Republic. In yaMakoronike yekare rainzi Cheremisses, kunyange vanozviti Mari.

Pashure paumbwe Golden Horde marudzi Mari akapinda ayo akafanana, uye pashure pokuwa hurumende iri chikamu esimbi mutero yacho Kazan Khanate. Nokuda kwemapazi Kazan Ivan anotyisa muna 1552, nyika yakava chikamu Russian Mari umambo. Kunyange Western marudzi Cheremisses vakatora Russian chizvarwa kunyange akanga apfuura, uye vakabhabhatidzwa. Pashure paizvozvo, nyaya Mari iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhamo Russia.

Asi mamwe marudzi Mari aisada saka ingotora Russian citizenship. Saka, nguva kubva 1552 ne 1585 aizivikanwa anoverengeka Cheremis hondo vane akamanikidzirwa Mari marudzi kuti atore Russian chizvarwa chinangwa. Pakupedzisira Mari vakakundwa, uye kodzero dzavo dziri apora. Asi mumakore akatevera, vanga vachishingaira zvematongerwo kumukira siyana Somuenzaniso, Pugachev kupandukira 1775.

Zvichakadai, Mari akatanga kushandisa Russian tsika. Ivo vakava yayo manyorero inobva Cyrillic arufabheti, uye pashure Panovhurwa Kazan kuseminari, vamwe vamiririri vanhu vakakwanisa kuwana dzidzo yakanaka.

Mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba Mari zvionera Oblast akasikwa 1920. Muna 1936, kuti Mari zvionera Republic yakaumbwa pasi hwaro hwayo (MASSR). Panguva kwezuva Soviet Union, muna 1990, yakanga kurongwazve kupinda Mari Republic.

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union uye paumbwe Russian Federation, mumwe vanotongwa ehurumende akava Mari Republic, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi mune imwe nzira, Republic of Mari El. The Constitution inopa kuti voruzhinji kururama kushandisa zvinhu izvi.

Vagari venyika

Vagari of Mari Republic parizvino kuruoko 685,9 zviuru. People. Inongova 66-fung mugumisiro pakati zvidzidzo zvose Russian nemisanganiswa.

Yevagari arambe achirema munyika iri 29.3 vanhu / ba. M. ? km. Enzanisa: muna Nizhegorodskaya mudunhu indekisi yakafanana iri 42.6 vanhu / ba M.. km Chuvashia -. 67,4 vanhu / masikweyakiromita. km uye Kirov mudunhu -. 10.8 Vagari / masikweyakiromita. ? km.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvizvarwa uye constituent nevanhu Mari El vari Mari, panguva havana - kwete kupfuura vakawanda dzinza renyika. Zvikuru pakati Russian nharaunda iri vemo. Idzowo 45.1% of zvachose Vagari Federation. Mari ndiyo 41.8 chete% vari munyika. Wokupedzisira vaverengwe umo Mari dziwande akakunda Russian, yakaitwa muna 1939.

Zvimwewo madzinza zvikuru vakawanda Tatars. nhamba yavo zvakafanana 5,5% of uwandu vanogara vari Mari-El. Uyezve, munyika kurarama Chuvash, Ukrainian, Udmurt, Belarusian, Mordvins, vokuArmenia, Azerbaijanis, uye vokuGermany, asi nhamba yavo zvikuru duku kupfuura vatatu wo ndudzi.

Distribution zvitendero

In Mari El inopararira zvakarurama vazhinji zvitendero. Muchiitiko chino, 48% kuzivikanwa sevaKristu Orthodox, 6% vaMuslim uye 6% - Vatsigiri chitendero chechihedheni rekare Mari. Zvisinei, vanenge 6% yevanhu - ndivo hakuna Musiki.

Kuwedzera kune pamusoro nemasangano, nharaunda ine Catholic munharaunda uyewo Nzanga siyana Protestant masangano.

administrative kupesana

The Republic of Mari El, inoumbwa gumi ematunhu nemaguta matatu remunharaunda kuzviisa pasi (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk uye Kozmodemyansk).

The kupfuura vakawanda nzvimbo Zimbabwe Mari: Medvedevsky (67.1 zviuru inh ..), Venigovsky (42.5 zviuru inh ..), Soviet (29.6 zviuru inh ..), Morkinsky (29.0 zviuru inh ..). Nepariri, chikuru chacho Kilemarsky District (3,3 zviuru ba. Km.).

Yoshkar-Ola - guta guru Mari-El

Guta guru Mari Republic ndiro guta Yoshkar-Ola. It riri anenge ari pakati nharaunda. Pari zvino pane vanenge 265,0 zviuru. Residents ari arambe achirema kuti vagari 2640,1 vanhu / ba. M. ? km.

Pakati vemarudzi inotongwa Russian, nechidzidzo chinotokurudzira zvikuru raidudzwa kupfuura mukuru munyika. nhamba yavo 68% of zvachose kwevanhu. Maris dzinomutevera navo vane zvakananga kukomba 24%, uye wechiTatar - 4.3%.

The guta rakaumbwa musana muna 1584 sechinhu Russian uto nhare. Sezvo kwayo uye kusvikira 1919 rakatumidzwa Tsarevokokshaisk. Muna 1919, pashure pokunge Bolshevik Revolution, ainzi Krasnokokshaysk. Muna 1927 kwakasarudzwa kuti rename kuti Yoshkar-Ola, rinoshandurwa kubva Mari se "guta dzvuku".

Pari, Yoshkar-Ola - a hwakanyatsorwisa guru Regional nzvimbo ine dzakabudirira kwezvivako, bhizimisi uye tsika.

Other chinoda guta

Mamwe guta Mari zvokuvhoterwa zviri zvishoma pane Yoshkar-Ola. Remasangano pavo Volzhsk ine vanhu 54,6 zviuru. People, riri kusvika kashanu asingasviki muguta guru.

Mamwe maguta munharaunda anozvikudza vanhu kunyange vashoma. Saka, muna Kozmodemyansk Live 20.5 zviuru vanhu Medvedevo - .. 18.1 zviuru vanhu, Zvenigovo - .. 11.5 zviuru vanhu, mumusha Soviet - .. 10.4 zviuru vanhu ..

The yasara misha reRepublic kuva vemo vanhu asingasviki 10,000 pakati.

zimbabwe kwezvivako

Tichienzanisa nedzimwe kumatunhu wokuRussia kwezvivako Mari Republic, dzakakudzingai guta Yoshkar-Ola, haagoni kunzi tsime kunyatsobudirira.

Munyika pane yendege imwe chete iri guta guru rayo. Mukuwedzera, nharaunda ine 2 bhazi dzemapurisa uye 51 bhazi. Railway senga chinomiririrwa gumi zvechitima.

House weMari Zimbabwe iri kazhinji yakavakwa huni. Izvi zvinhu rave richishandiswa amakore sechinhu yakanaka nzvimbo idzi. Batsirwa vemiti mudunhu inoshayikwa. Asi panguva imwe chete, vazhinji nezvivakwa mukuru-simukai kuvakwa uye dzimba ano zvokuvakisa.

Sezvo kutanga kwemireniyumu muguta guru Yoshkar-Ola akaita pamwero mukuru rokuvakazve basa rokudzorera tsika uye mapurani Zvivako muguta.

upfumi The zvokuvhoterwa wacho

Pakati dzine indasitiri zvemberi rwekushanda nesimbi uye zvokuimba mapurani. Panewo makambani uchishanda mudondo, Whitehead Textile uye zvokudya Mazinga. Anenge kugadzirwa zvose zviri kusimbiswa muguta Yoshkar-Ola uye Volzhsk.

Mune zvokurima, kwakondiko kukura zvipfuwo, kunyanya mombe uye nguruve. Chirimwa unyanzvi kurima zvinotevera zvirimwa: zviyo, neshinda zvadzinofura zvirimwa, mbatatisi nezvimwe miriwo.

ushanyi

Huge zvinogona nhandaro pfuma ndiyo inozivikanwa Mari Republic. Zvinovaraidza mudunhu Chokwadi, rakasiyana zvatinosiita pagungwa plesieroorde, asi anokwanisa kuuya hapana zvishoma, uye pamwe kunakidzwa kunyange zvakawanda. mhepo yakachena, izvo yakazara akadzivirira makona nharaunda iri harigoni kutsiva chinhu.

Zvikuru kucherechedzwa mudziva iri Mari Republic. Nharaunda ine vazhinji vavo, uye vava zvikuru vashanyi. Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo Kulikovo nyanza pedyo neguta Volzhsk.

Nokuti avo vafambi vanosarudza kuramba vakarongeka, kuzarura mikova dzavo yezvinotivaraidza nzvimbo, nevana misasa nekwevanorwa pfungwa Mari Republic.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, kunyange zvazvo rudzi titular eMari El vari Mari, ruzhinji munzvimbo yacho vagari - dzinza Russian.

Asati pakusikwa muna 1920 pamusoro Mari zvionera Region muna Mari haana ake pachake, uye nharaunda aripo Zimbabwe Mari El rave yakakamurwa pakati mapurovhinzi akawanda.

Kunze Mari Republic musha kuwedzera nhamba Mari, pane mukati maro.

General zvechadenga Mari Republic

Kunyange zvazvo Mari Republic uye haagoni kunzi akura maindasitiri nharaunda dzeRussia, Region mukuru zvinogona. Its chikuru upfumi - anoshanda nesimba vanhu. Vazhinji vanogara munzvimbo - madzinza Russian uye Mari. Region kashoma vakawanda uye ane guta rimwe chete, izvo zvinogona kunzi conditionally mukuru - guta guru Yoshkar-Ola.

Kuwedzera kugona kwevanhu, Mari Republic anozivikanwa zvose pamusoro Russia uye zvakawanda nemamwe kutandara zvedu. Healthy mazororo ari munharaunda anokwanisa kurapa vakawanda zvirwere.