Masero macrophages. Chii uye chii vane mabasa

Nyaya ino inokurukura kuti paumbwe mashandiro ose kutapata, i.e. ehupfumi muviri kudzivirira masero rayo dzimwe zvinhu (maantigen) kana utachiona (utachiona uye utachiona). Kutapata inogona kuumbwa nenzira mbiri. Wokutanga ainzi humoral uye inozivikanwa Chizvarwa inokosha anodzivirira mapuroteni - wegamma-globulin, uye wechipiri - sero, iyo inobva chinonakidza kuti phagocytosis. It anokonzerwa paumbwe ari nhengo chokuita kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye zvirwere, kushandiswa masero: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Masero, macrophages: chii?

Macrophages pamwe chete nemamwe masero unodzivirira (monocytes) machechi hurongwa phagocytosis - kubatwa kwacho uye kugaya vokune dzimwe nyika zvinhu kana utachiona izvo vakavhundutsira dzose upenyu muviri. Zvinorondedzerwa unodzivirira mashandiro yakawanikwa uye vakadzidza ne Russian physiologist Mechnikov muna 1883. Akazvisimbisawo akawana kare kuti cellular kutapata zvinoreva phagocytosis - unodzivirira mhinduro kuti inodzivirira masero kubva genome pakati kukuvadza kunoita dzimwe vamiririri, anonzi maantigen.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa nyaya: yacho macrophages - masero kuti ichi? Yeuka cytogenesis yavo. Masero aya zvinobviswa monocytes, izvo zvakasiya muropa uye kupinda mukati tishu. Izvi zvinonzi diapedesis. Mubayiro ndiro nokuumbwa macrophages vari parenchyma chiropa, bapu, node nodes uye chirwatata.

Somuenzaniso, alveolar macrophages zvakatanga navo nezvavatorwa zvinhu parumananzombe pulmonary parenchyma kubudikidza chaicho receptors. Ipapo masero aya zvirwere richawira uye kugaya maantigen uye utachiona, nokudaro kudzivirira kufema zvomukati kubva pathogenic vamiririri uye muchetura, uyewo kuparadza tudonhwe chepfu mumapapu vane chikamu mhepo panguva rakafuridzirwa. Uyezve, akaratidzwa kuti ufanane masoja webasa alveolar macrophages runodzivirira ropa masero akafanana - monocytes.

Zvakakurukurwa marongerwo uye kushanda masero masoja

masero Phagocytic vane chaiwo cytological chimiro, izvo anosarudza mashandiro macrophages. Dzavo Sero Kamudzira anokwanisa rokuumba pseudopodia achishumira inobaya mwoyo uye rakafukidza dzimwe inoramba. The cytoplasm izere zvomudumbu organelles - lysosomes kuitira lysis pamusoro muchetura, utachiona kana utachiona. Mitochondria vari kuuyawo, synthesizing ari morekuru adenosine triphosphate, inova huru simba nefuma macrophages. Pane hurongwa sepombi uye tubular - the endoplasmic reticulum kusvikira puroteni-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes. Zvaida kuvapo imwe kana kupfuura nuclei, kazhinji kwemashifiti chimiro. Polynuclear macrophages akadana symplasts. Vari aumba somugumisiro intracellular karyokinesis, pasina kupatsanura vakawanda cytoplasm.

marudzi macrophages

Zvakakodzera kufunga zvinotevera, uchishandisa izwi "macrophages" kuti uyu haasi mumwe mhando masoja hurongwa uye siyana tsitosistema. Somuenzaniso, kusiyanisa masero yatarwa uye vakasununguka inodzivirira. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira alveolar macrophages, phagocytes parenchyma in uye nhengo dzomukati. Uyewo ngadzirambe masoja masero vaivapo muna Zvinoumba osteoblasts uye node nodes. Dhepoti uye ropa-nokuumba nhengo - chiropa, chirwatata uye tsvuku mwongo - dzinewo wakaiswa macrophages.

Ndechipi kutapata sero-yairevererwa

The pamusoro marudzi phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu kubatanidzwa mune zvikuru vakarongeka hurongwa izvo zvakananga chinopa kukwanisa kudzivisa pathogenic uye chepfu nevasori, uye kuparadza kwavari anokunda uye kugaya. Uyezve, cellular kutapata hurongwa inopa antibodies zvinoberekwa T- uye B-lymphocytes, izvo kusungira kuti kubude maantigen pamusoro nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya uye intracellular tupukanana rickettsiae uye chlamydiae.

Peripheral zvirwere nhengo ropa-dzichiumbwa, vakaisawo tonsils, chirwatata uye node nodes, vanoumba kushanda gadziriro chete kuti vanosangana uye ropa, uye immunogenez.

Basa macrophages pakugadzirwa masoja ndangariro

Pashure kuonana antigen masero anogona phagocytosis, yokupedzisira vanokwanisa "kuyeuka" nokukanganisika Profile of nayo utachiona uye anokonzera antibody Kugadzirwa nayo kuzodzosera kupinda munzvimbo mhenyu muchitokisi. Pane mhando mbiri immunological ndangariro: akanaka uye kunaka. Vose vari mugumisiro webasa lymphocytes anogadzirwa thymus, chirwatata, plaques ari intestinal parusvingo uye node nodes. Izvi zvinosanganisira nomukaka uye lymphocytes - masero uye monocytes - macrophages.

A yakanaka immunological ndangariro iri substantially vasiri chikonzero kuti kubaya ave nzira yokudzivirirwa zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Sezvo ndangariro masero kukurumidza kuziva maantigen zviri mushonga, vakabva kundosangana nokukurumidza inotungamirwa anodzivirira antibodies. Chiitiko munhu akaipa masoja ndangariro inocherechedzwa nyaya transplantation kuderedza padanho kuramba wakasimwa nhengo uye munyama.

Ukama hematopoietic uye zvirwere

masero All zvaisanganisira muviri wayo kudzivirira utachiona uye zvine chepfu zvakapararira munzvimbo mumwongo riri uyewo hematopoietic nenyere. Thymus kana thymus chokuita kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa, mashandiro pechingoro mamiriro kutapata. In womunhu, uye tsvuku mumwongo thymus uye Chokwadi, chikuru nhengo dzose immunogenesis.

masero Phagocytic kuparadza utachiona anowanzoshandurwa achiperekedzwa kuzvimba muna utachiona nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri. Avaindipa rinokosha chirungiso - platelet simba chinhu (PAF), iyo inowedzera permeability rwengarava ropa. Saka, vakawanda macrophages kubva ropa kusvika nzvimbo nayo utachiona uiparadze.

Pashure pokudzidza macrophages - vorudzii masero mune nhengo zvavari anogadzirwa uye chii mashandiro yaitwa - taona kuti, pamwe nemamwe marudzi lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), ndivo huru masoja masero.