Mental retardation - iri ... madhigirii uye nezvimiro kwepfungwa retardation. Vana vane pfungwa retardation

Ko iwe unofunga paunonzwa se "retardation kwepfungwa" mutsara yakadaro? Izvi, nokuti chokwadi, achabatsirwa kwete shamwari dzinofadza zvikuru. Ruzivo akawanda vanhu wehurumende ichi Anonyanyowanika kwakavakirwa zvinoratidzwa paterevhizheni uye mafirimu, izvo nokuda varaidzo vanowanzotambura vakamonyanisa chairo chokwadi. Light mupfungwa retardation, Somuenzaniso, haisi mhando pathologies umo munhu anofanira kure nenzanga. Somugumisiro, isu kazhinji kusangana vanhu vakadaro, asi kusiyanisa vanhuwo murume ari mumugwagwa pakati utano uye pfungwa chakakanganisika munhu zvakaoma chaizvo.

ziviso

Sezvo vanachiremba vanoti, mupfungwa retardation - nechirwere, chikuru chinoratidza iro kana akatenga (mwana kusvika 3 years) kana vachiberekwa kuderera yenjere. Muchiitiko chino, hapana anoita pasina Kufunga pasina chinobatsira. Asi mupfungwa bhora mune chirwere ichi haasi kutambura: varwere vanganzwa antipathy uye tsitsi, mufaro uye kusuwa, kurwadziwa uye mufaro. Zvisinei, vanhu vane pfungwa retardation musatendera sezvo chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye kunzwisisa manzwiro uye manzwiro, sezvo vanhu utano. Tinofanira kuziva kuti chirwere ichi hachisi kukwanisa mberi. Mental retardation - yakatsiga azvipire pasi-dzakabudirira nenjere. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yakaonekwa kunyange nezvibereko zvayo pamusoro nguva nokuda kwechirwere dzidzo, vanhu, dzidzo.

Zvinokonzera kwepfungwa retardation

Human njere kunorondedzerwa se kubudikidza kwezvakatipoteredza uye masero okutodza. Vana ivavo vane vabereki vane retardation pfungwa chirwere - iri boka panjodzi. Ndivo kazhinji kuva chirwere chepfungwa, kunyange zviri kuvabereki hutachiwana, sezvo vakadaro, ndizvo apo neapo. Pasinei kwaita genetics, uye vamwe mberi munzvimbo ino, anoita 70-80% nyaya uye hazvigoni kusimbiswa. Kakawanda anoratidza zviri zvikuru kwazvo kacho. Asi zvakadaro isu kupa kuongorora rakajairika zvinhu kuti vanotsamwisa mamiriro ichi.

pamuviri zvikonzero

Chikonzero wehurumende dzichitaridzika chromosomal abnormalities, kuvabereki, chetsinga chirwere. Mental retardation uye vachiberekwa chikonzero zvirwere zvinokonzerwa cytomegalovirus, rubella utachiona, HIV. vabereki, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, doro, migumisiro iri mudumbu kuti muchetura kukonzera kuti vana vanoberekwa vaine pfungwa retardation. Kuonana nemwaranzi, methylmercury, kutungamirira, chemotherapeutic mishonga uyewo dzimwe nguva kunoita kuti migumisiro yakadaro.

intrapartum zvikonzero

Matambudziko dzinoitwa umbishi, Prematurity, uye ropa nechepakati tsinga, kuberekwa pamwe forceps, breech mharidzo, vakawanda pamuviri, intrapartum asphyxia kunowedzera mukana kwepfungwa retardation. Asi zvikuru achavaponesa kutarisirwa mwana wokutanga mishomanana pakuberekwa kwake.

postnatal zvikonzero

Kushaya mupfungwa, mumuviri, rutsigiro zvishande ndiro zvakafanira kuti kukura, kukura, magariro kwadzakabva, murombo zvinovaka muviri ari mumakore okutanga oupenyu - vakawanda zvinokonzera chepfungwa retardation yose. Chirwere inogona nokuda kwemabhakitiriya, nemavhairasi encephalitis, yomumuzongoza, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, chepfu, kukuvara musoro nezvakadaro.

Mwero nepfungwa retardation

chirwere ichi, somumwe, ane nzira yakasiyana naro rakakamurwa ukuru, nezvimiro, etc. The kupatsanura chirwere ichi kunokonzerwa anoteya zvayo uye dhigirii kosi. Govera zvinotevera madhigirii kwepfungwa retardation:

• chiedza kana pachiyero IQ kunosiyana-siyana mukati 50-69 pfungwa;
• paavhareji kana prices siyana 20 kusvika 49 pfungwa;
• rinorema, umo asingasviki 20 IQ pfungwa.

Sezvo nhamba iyi yakatsunga? Murwere chaipiwa zvakaitika bvunzo basa, migumisiro paunogona kutonga kana mukuru kana mudiki papi zvirwere. Kunyange zvazvo, zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti weboka izvi zvikuru zvemasanga. Kupatsanura vanofanira kufunga kwete chete ukuru rutapudzo pamusoro rezvedzidzo mano, asi pamwero kuchishandiswa zvinodiwa nomunhu. Irege discounted uye shoma tichikwanisa pakukurukurirana, kuzvicheka-care, yokugutsikana, kushandiswa paruzhinji pfuma, etc.

Zvinotaurwa nhamba?

kunakidza chaizvo ndechokuti vanopfuura 3% vanogara munyika anogara asingasviki 70 IQ pamwero, asi retardation kwakakomba kwepfungwa kuchengetwa chete 1%. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kana chirwere inocherechedzwa nyaya chaizvo zvimwe zvinhu. Kukuru kwepfungwa retardation kuchengetwa vana, zvisinei mhuri dzavo kuva imwe munzanga, dzidzo nevabereki nehama. Uye pano mumwe dzinonakidza chokwadi. Saka, oddly zvakakwana, mwero nepfungwa retardation, umo murwere kunoda kubatsirwa chinji, kazhinji kuchengetwa vana mhuri yakaderera socioeconomic hweHIV.

Zviratidzo zviri chirwere

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chikuru chiratidzo hosha iri kuderedza njere. Zvisinei, vose zviratidzo zvinokurudzirwa kuti funga, zvichienderana mwero chirwere. Ngationgororei navo.

1. Nyoro (kana debility). Panyaya iyi, nezve nyore murume munzira havazombokwanisi kusiyanisa pakati munhu ane pfungwa retardation okukura kubva utano. Kazhinji, vanhu ava zvakaoma kudzidza nokuti nemano avo pfungwa ipfupi kwazvo. Asi kurangarirwa kwavo zvakanaka chaizvo. Kazhinji varwere chirwere ichi ane dhigirii zvinetso zvounhu. Somuenzaniso, vana vane pfungwa retardation kuvimba vadzidzisi uye vabereki, ivo kutyiswa zvakasimba kuchinja ezvinhu. Varwere ava kana tsaukirai pamusoro pachavo (saka dambudziko mukukurukurirana), kana, nekusiyana, vari kuedza kukwezva pfungwa yake munhu ane ose inobwinya mabasa, kazhinji penga, kunyange dzakashata. Vane nyore chaizvo chinhu kufuridzira. Nekuti varwere ava kukwezva vamiririri tsotsi nyika, kazhinji pachavo vakava vanhu scams. A maitiro chinoratidza munyoro retardation ndechokuti varwere vanonyatsoziva kuti chirwere chake, asi munzira dzose azvivanze vamwe.
2. The paavhareji dhigirii (imbecility). vanhu ava kukwanisa kusiyanisa chirango nokurumbidza, kuti tifare, kunzwira urombo, vari nyore unyanzvi kudzidziswa yokuzvidzora basa, dzimwe nguva kuverenga, kunyora, inokosha masvomhu, asi kugara kwavo, havagoni. Shure navo zvinoda kuramba uye cherechedzo.
3. Zvakakomba (idiocy). vanhu vakadaro vasina inzwi, ivo kudzidza urema nemafambiro yavo zveufende uye unfocused. Manzwiro chete zvokutanga kuratidzirwa kukuru kana mafaro. Varwere vane fuza vachida kugara achitarisirwa, nekuti kuti huri dzazvinogara masangano.

Zvishoma pamusoro zviratidzo

The zvinoratidza chirwere rokutanga zvinosanganisira saibva maitiro, kunonoka rezvedzidzo kukura, unyanzvi kukwana nokuzvidzora basa. Development vana vane pfungwa retardation dzimwe nguva anoenda sezvo kuva kusvika makore chikoro. Zviratidzo hadzina kuzivikanwa nyaya apo pane chirwere munyoro. Asi vamwe madhigirii maviri vari panoonekwa, kazhinji mangwanani chaizvo, kunyanya kana vari pamwe vakaremara zvokukura, panyama abnormalities. Panyaya iyi, chirwere ichava nyore rokuongorora kare vanoenda kukireshi zera.

Zvisinei, vamwe vana munzira ona pamberi palsy, injini zvirwere, kusanzwa, kunonoka kutaura nevamwe zvokukura zvirwere. Nokufamba kwenguva, hunhu kwepfungwa retardation "vashoma" nezviratidzo itsva. Vana havatani kuzvidya mwoyo, kunyanya kana vakaramba kana sechinhu chakaremara.

Kana mune kindergartens mune vana vane chirwere ichi vakachengeta kunzwisisa kuchinja nematambudziko maererano hurumende masikati, uye zvokutanga mabasa kungaita sekwakaoma kwavari, vadzidzi nokudzidza vakaremara vanofanira kuona vabereki zvikuru anokudzwa wokusagadzikana uye inattention. Zvimwe zvikonzero hanya vanaamai navanababa vanofanira kuneta, maitiro akaipa uye pasi kwazvo ratings vana vavo.

Mental retardation

Pano isu achasvika imwe kupatsanura. Maererano dzakawanda kupatsanura zvirwere, Akasarudza govera zvinotevera siyana kwepfungwa retardation:

• Mental retardation nyore. In chimiro ichi chikuru Neural pezvakaitwa Paaiita mwana zvinorema. Abnormalities mu zvishande basa hakuna achiperekedzwa zvikurukuru mafungu zvarakasiya. Kuponesa mupfungwa bhora, mwana anogona kuita zvinechinangwa, asi kana zvose chete zvakajeka chaizvo. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvakatipoteredza haisi itsva kwaari, zvose zvichava kuipa, hapana abnormalities hamuzondioni.
• Mental retardation pamwe neurodynamic vachivavhiringidza. chimiro ichi kunoratidzwa ne kusagadzikana nechido, mupfungwa bhora ari mhando lethargy kana kugumbuka. Kutyorwa kuri mumwana, zvakajeka wakaratidzwa rutapudzo kuti kunyatsoshanda, nokuchinja maitiro.
• Mental retardation pamwe kutsaudzira yacho analyzer ishande. Oligophrenics chimiro ichi chirwere, diffuse lesion pamusoro cortex unobatanidzwa ane simba kutyorwa imwe pfungwa hurongwa. Vana anowedzera anozivikanwa omunharaunda kuremara kutaura, kuona, kunzwa, locomotor hurongwa.
• Psihopatopodobne maitiro pamwe mupfungwa retardation. Izvi retardation kwepfungwa, budiriro iri lags shure nokuda kuvhiringidzika mupfungwa-nesarudzo bhora. Chokutanga, Varwere dzakadaro dzinoti rutapudzo ose criticality pachinhu pacharo, iro underdevelopment mazhinji zvinoumba unhu, disinhibition ose zvaisazogona. Mwana ane tsika kupa musoro chido.
• Mental retardation pamwe zvakajeka akacherekedza frontal kukanganisika. In chimiro ichi kwepfungwa retardation vana pusa, usimbe, vasingabatsiri. Kutaura kwavo-refu winded, zviri chemufananidzo zvakasikwa, asi ine zvachose hapana kugutsikana. Vana havagoni mupfungwa kutamburira, kuti vanyatsokwanisa kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu.

Inspection kana chirwere

Sezvatakamboreva, kazhinji, retardation pfungwa richiratidzwa pazera duku. Uye kana hosha yacho anokonzerwa masero okutodza, akadai Down kuti urwere, nokutsauka inogona chirwere kare panguva yepamuviri. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, maternity zvipatara zvino kupa zvose pavasikana firimu Pandakangowana zvokukura pamuviri, kusvikira pamberi zvokurwara ichi vaiva nomukana zvokuita - kubvisa pamuviri kana kuchengeta mwana. Uyewo, nzira iri rinokosha muzviitiko apo vabereki mwana ramangwana kana hama kune zvirwere kana zvinhu kuti kungamutsawo panowanikwa kwepfungwa retardation.

Vamwe chimiro chepfungwa retardation inokonzerwa kuti imwe enzayemu wemuTesitamende mwana underdeveloped. The inonyanya chirwere muboka iri - phenylketonuria. Pakarepo shure kuberekwa vana vane chirwere ichi regai wakasiyana mutano asi mumwedzi upenyu chokutanga, vanova lethargic, vakadaro kakawanda kurutsa, ane mapundu, vangadikitira ikawanda, uye ine pachangu kunhuwa. Kana ukatanga kurapwa pakarepo, apo mwana ari pasi 2-3 mwedzi, unogona kuponesa njere. Ndicho chikonzero haana kufuratira mangwanani kuongorora vana wevana.

Kana chiremba paine kupokana, zvichava kugadza zano rimwe wetsinga, weti uye ropa, eeg. Pakuongorora vana vakura zvaida mupfungwa mazano kana vairwara.

Kana kurapwa iri rakatanga muna nenguva nenzira, kazhinji kacho zvinoita kuti vabudirire mwana nyore ajairane akazvimirira vapenyu. Asi panyaya apo vabereki nedzimwe hama mwana anosarudza inogona nyore kuita pasina vanachiremba vanoita kuzvida, migumisiro inosuruvarisa hakudzivisiki. Uyewo usakanganwa kuti pasi achinyepera pfungwa retardation mungavanzwa nezvimwe zvirwere - pfari, kakawanda chirwere chepfungwa, hypothyroidism.

Vana vane pfungwa retardation - zvokuita?

Vabereki chero zvazvingava, musavhunduka. Yeuka kuti pfungwa retardation - chirwere kwete nepfungwa, uye pachangu mamiriro, kana kukura njere iri shoma nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Education vana vane pfungwa retardation angava uyewo kukura kwavo, asi chete sezvavanogona vanobvumirwa kuita tichikwanisa ichi vokubereka. mamiriro ichi kumbobvira zvakazara kuporesa. Chokwadi, chiremba vanonyorera yakakodzera kurapa, asi zvainoita haangavi mikuru. Kunyange zvazvo zvichienderana dhigirii pfungwa retardation zvinobvira vawane zvimwe zvabuda kuburikidza nedzidzo uye nekudzidzisa. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti vana vane idiocy uye imbecility - iri akaremara kubva pauduku, kunyange kuwana mudyandigere. Kunyanya vana vane pfungwa retardation siyana ava vakadaro kuti vanoda kuva nehanya muchengeti, kana kubatsirwa nenyanzvi kubva yakakodzera zvokurapa nzvimbo, apo vanogona kuziva. Ipapo navo kuitisa kuchirapa, correctional, mupfungwa basa. Vana vane nounyoro pfungwa retardation hakuna kuoma zvakadaro. Kunyange pasinei havagoni kudzidza muna kwakajairika chirongwa, uye zvinofanira kushandurwa kuti chikoro chaicho. Zvisinei, mune dzidzo yevana izvi, pane zvinetso zvakawanda, kubva zvakakwana kururamiswa kuona remangwana basa uye munzanga kwadzakabva. Kana vari kurudyi nzira, sezvo vakuru, anongoti "ichiputswa" muupenyu - basa, wobereka mhuri, vanokura zvakanaka munharaunda.

Mabatirwo kwepfungwa retardation

Nhasi kune hombe mari nokuda pakurapa ichi, asi vanofanira kunhonga chete chiremba zvose zvaidiwa chirwere. Zvichienderana chikonzero kuti akaita chirwere, zvingava mahormone kana ayodhini kugadzirira (kana retardation pfungwa mugumisiro thyroid zvirwere kushanda). Kana PKU zvakasiyana chaiyo kudya, izvo achagadza chiremba.

Kuti agadzirise retardation mupfungwa, kazhinji vanachiremba ushandiswe nootropics (rinoreva "Piracetam," "Encephabol", "Aminalon" uye vamwe). Ivo anoshandiswa zvakananga kuvandudza metabolic pezvakaitwa mu uropi. Nokuti zvakafanana zvinangwa ushandiswe amino acids, B mavhitaminzi Chokwadi, vanogona kutenga pasina mushonga, asi feasibility kushandisa chete chiremba anogona kuona.

Kana varwere vane chirwere anorondedzerwa chipo maitiro asina kutsarukana, mumwe chiremba wepfungwa anosarudza zvinodhaka kubva boka mapiritsi kana neuroleptics. The kiyi abudirire kururamiswa - misoro kusvika, kureva kushandiswa mishonga anofanira pamwe nemakirasi nokutaura varapi, vanachiremba, pachake ainoita dzidzo.

In chevarwere mushonga, yakakurumbira makwenzi kuti vane simba zvainoita tsinga. Izvi zvinosanganisira Chinese magnolia muzambiringa, ginseng, Aloe. Zvisinei, yeuka kuti imwe muviri chirwere ichi kungamutsawo maitiro asina kutsarukana, psychoses. Saka, asati tikashandisa pavo vanofanira kubvunza chiremba.

Hatigoni kutora mararamiro evanhu. Purogiramu dzakadaro dzinonyanya kurongerwa kugovera basa kune vanhu vane zvinyoro zvishoma zve oligophrenia. Nokuda kweizvi, kune dzidzo dzakasununguka masangano ane imwe purogiramu yakashandurwa, apo varwere vanogona kubata mabasa mashoma.

Kudzivirira

Kudzivirira kukanganisa kwepfungwa, kutanga kokutanga, kutarisa nekucherechedza kwete kwete chete kune hutano hwevanhu, asiwo kune hutano hwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Kungoti vaviri vacho vachisarudza kuva nemwana, vose vari vaviri vanofanira kunyatsoongororwa, kupfuura miedzo, kushanyira genetics. Izvi zvicharatidza uye kuporesa zvirwere zviripo kana mamiriro ezvinhu, dzidza nezvezvinetso zvinogona kukonzera oligophrenia mumwana anotevera.

Kana mukadzi akava nepamuviri, anofanira kuyeuka mutoro unorara naye kumwana asati aberekwa. Saka, anofanirwa kutevedzera nzira yakarurama yehupenyu, kudya zvakanaka, kutevera zvose zvinorayirwa navanachiremba, usadzivirire kune zvinhu zvinokuvadza, enda kumabvunzurudzo evakadzi pane nguva.

Kana mwana atozvarwa, munhu anofanira kunyatsotevedzera chiremba wevana uye kutevera mirairo yake yese. Uye kana kamwe-kamwe chiremba anokanganisa chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka uye anotumira kuongororo dzakawedzerwa kana kuongororwa, usaedza, sezvavanotaura, kuti vabve pane dambudziko. Mushure mezvose, munyaya iyi, unogona kurasikirwa nenguva inokosha, iyo inotevera ichangofanira kuzvidemba.

Kunyanya iyo mishonga haina kumira. Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvinopesana nehutachiona hwerubella zvakabatsira kubereka mwana ane utano kune vakawanda vakaroorana, uye chaizvoizvo zvisati zvave chiri chikonzero chinonyanya kukosha chekuberekwa kwekufunga kwepfungwa. Mazuva ano, masayendisiti vari kuwedzera mishonga yakafanana pamusoro pe cytomegalovirus kupa rugare uye utano kuvabereki nevana vavo. Nharaunda yematambudziko yakaderedzwawo nekuda kwekusimudzirwa uye kukura kwevana neatalatal, obstetric kuchengetedza, kushandiswa kwema immunoglobulin, kuwedzerwa kweropa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvaungangorota pamusoro pekuchangobva kuitwa. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chokutyisidzira, kwete kurasa uye kuedza zvakanakisisa zvako, nokuti uyu ndiye munhu wako wepedyo, iwe chete iwe unogona kufara uye kudzokera kuhupenyu hwakakwana sezvazvinogona nhasi. Teerera vanachiremba, nenguva yekukurukurirana kwekuchengetedza kwakanyanya uye kutevera mazano ose.