Mhando dzezvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa - chii chiriko uye chii chinoshandiswa

Maererano nevasayendisiti (nyanzvi uye nyanzvi dzepfungwa), zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva munhu anenge akawandisa "ane musoro" haasviki pamusoro pemashoko ane chiuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, mazwi echiEurope akadzidziswa anenge anenge gumi kusvika makumi maviri nezviuru. Tiri kutaura nezvekushandiswa kwakashanda, asi isu tinogona kuziva uye kunzwisisa pamusoro peviri kusvika zviviri nehafu yenguva mamwe mazwi. Asi kana munhu achinge abhabhatidzwa mune rimwe ruzivo, bazi rezivo, musoro - zvichida kuvepa kana kuona-anodawo maitiro chaiwo ekutaura nokuda kwemukati uyu. Uye kana tikaramba tichirarama nemagwaro - tinongoda mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemaduramazwi. Nyanzvi uye vashanduri vane tsika yekushandisa mabhuku akadaro - ndeyekukosha kwavo. Mitauro inonyanyozivikanwa yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa ndeyokutanga uye kunyanya mitauro nemitauro yakawanda - kushandura mazwi mumutauro mumwe kana kupfuura. Iko kune monolingual, uye thesauri, uye Duramazwi eboka rimwechete. Semuenzaniso, mazwi ekune dzimwe nyika, etymological (kutsanangura mhedzisiro yeiyo), zvine musoro. Mhando dzose dzezvinyorwa zvemashoko echiRussia zvakaoma kuverenga. Kana uchida kuziva kuti shoko rinorevei kana chirevo chinoreva, iwe unofanira kushandisa munhu akachenjera (somuenzaniso, rakagadziridzwa naOzhegov kana Dahl) kana shanduro yekunyora encyclopedic.

Zvisinei, haasi mashoko ose anogona kuiswa mumabhuku akadaro: somuenzaniso, vangave vasina mashoko anonyanya kushandiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, marudzi akadaro ezvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa zvinodiwa, mune zvakakosha (zvechiremba, technic, mathematical) mazwi anounganidzwa. Uye zvinoreva madimiro - zvakanaka, zvichida "kubvisa bhokisi refu" kana kuti "idya imbwa" - tichatarisa duramanzwi remashoko emashoko. Kunyanya kakawanda kazhinji mabhuku akadaro anodiwa kune vashanduri venhema uye kungodzidza mutauro wokumwe. Mushure mezvose, kana mumitauro yenyu yemunharaunda inonzwisisika kubva mumugariro, saka haikwanisi kushandurwa chaiyo muchiChirungu kana muchiJerman, kuchengetedza zvinoreva.

Kunewo izvo zvinonzi "kureva" marudzi ezvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa - kana mashoko anowanzogadzirirwa muchidimbu chemafabheti yekutanga, yechipiri uye yerinotevera, tsamba, rhyming duramazwi inomiririra kuguma kwemashoko uye kusarudza kunoenda kune zvakasiyana.

Kana tikataurira maduramazwi echiRussia, maitiro ayo akasiyana zvakasiyana, zvakakosha kutaura pamusoro pezvirevo zvemashoko uye semantic. Mumabhuku akadaro mabhuku mazwi akabatanidzwa maererano nehuwandu hwekushandiswa kana nemapoka akafanana: kubva kumucheto (iyo inokosha zvikuru munyaya ino) kune imwe nzvimbo.

Kunewo marudzi akadaro ezvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa sepelenzi: pavari unogona kutarisa spelling yezwi, orthoepic - iyo inonzwika uye kududzira, dialectical (kana nzvimbo), inotariswa, apo izwi remamwe mauto akabatanidzwa (ayo anonzi dialects). Neologisms, mazwi asina kushandiswa - izvo zvinoreva, avo avo vangopinda mutauro uye vasina kukwana zvakakwana kana kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba - vanowanikwa mumashanduriro akafanana (mifananidzo, mazwi asina kushandiswa, mashoko matsva). Pakupedzisira, kunewo marudzi ezvinyorwa zvinotsanangura basa remumwe munyori kana mudetembi, nemashoko anotsanangura zvinoreva kushandiswa kwemamwe mazwi. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, "Duramazwi rekutaura kwePushkin", "Duramazwi reEsenin" nemamwe.