Mhuka monotremes: mukuru maitiro, zvinhu uye mavambo

Amazing zvipenyu mazai avo uye zvokudya mukaka wavo muduku - mhuka monotremes. Munyaya ino isu funga systematics uye peculiarities zvoupenyu mukirasi iyi mhuka.

General Zvinoitwa mhuka mukirasi

To vekirasi mhuka, kana mhuka, ndivo vakawanda zvikuru yakarongwa vamiririri mhando Chordates. Dzavo maitiro chinhu ndiyo pamberi mammary mumasero vari vakadzi, chakavanzika zvavanopa achayamwisa vaduku vavo. The kwokunze zviri nemamiriro ndiyo nzvimbo maoko nemakumbo pasi muviri, kuvapo bvudzi uye siyana nomukaka zviri paganda zvipikiri, nenzara, nyanga, namahwanda.

Nokuti mhuka dzakawanda, zviri dzinoratidzwa pamberi remuromo vertebrae nomwe, diaphragm, zvikuru mumhepo kufema, zvina-chambered mwoyo, pamberi cortex muuropi.

Monotremes, marsupials, insectivores: Origin of mhuka

Mhuka zvinosiyana yekudyidzana zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Platypus, kangaruru, Chidembo, chiremwaremwa, Dolphin, shato huru, tsoko, murume - zvose vamiririri mukirasi iyi. Vose vari wakaburuka kubva zvinokambaira yekare. Uchapupu chokwadi ichi ndicho kufanana zvavo embryo kukura, kuvapo dzimwe nhengo cloaca uye mafupa negunguo, zai kuripisa.

Somugumisiro shanduka pezvakaitwa uye kuzombotaurazve siyana pamusoro mhuka: monotremes, marsupials, insectivores. Mabviro mhuka, uyewo unozotevera kukura kwavo kwakaita kuti chii zvino kirasi iri hukuru chinzvimbo mhuka munyika ino. Vamiririri Its kugona zvose pasi-mhepo uye hwemvura nzvimbo.

subclass yinotheria

subclass iyi mhuka zvinosanganisira boka chete, unonzi monotremes. Zita iri chavainacho nemhaka cloaca. Ichi chimwe buri umo ducts rakavhurika pabonde, zvomudumbu uye Urinary nehurongwa. mhuka dzose idzi bereka nokuturika mazai.

Mhuka chete kwakadaro zvinhu zvingave vamiririri mukirasi mhuka? Mhinduro iri nyore. Vane mumasero mammary kuti azarure zvakananga padenga muviri pamusoro, sezvo monotremes havana minyatso. Achangobva kunanzva zvakananga kubva ganda.

Chinyakare zvinhu mamiriro nhaka kubva zvinokambaira hazvina cortex uye gyrus muuropi, uyewo mazino izvo kuita mashandiro kwehwamanda ndiro. Uyezve, avo tembiricha muviri fluctuates mukati imwe siyana zvichienderana zvakatipoteredza kuchinja kubva +25 kusvika +36 inegumi. Izvi kwoushamwari-bloodedness anogona kunzi hama.

Egg-achiisa monotremes haagoni kunzi chaihwo. unowanzonzi kukwana kuzvarwa. Chokwadi chokuti mazai regai pakarepo kubuda zvepabonde hwemhuka ducts, uye kuzopedza imomo kwenguva yakati. Panguva iyi, embryo hwapedyo kare panguva hafu. Mushure exiting ari cloaca monotremes hatching Mazai kana Rakaunyana navo chaiyo mubhegi.

Mhuka monotremes: Zvisaririra

Paleontological monotremes zvikuru zvakawanda. Vanopinda Nguva Miocene, rokumusoro uye pakati Pleistocene. Mukuru zvisaririra yemhuka idzi ine makore mamiriyoni 123. Vanotsvakurudza vakagumisa kuti zvisaririra regai wakasiyana ano siyana. Monotremes mhuka, vamiririri zviri endemic, vakawana chete mu Australia uye zvitsuwa pedyo: New Zealand, Guinea, Tasmania.

echidna

Yinotheria - boka remhuka, uko kunomiririrwa mhuka mashoma. For chete-vanopfuura mhuka zvinosanganisira nyoka. Nokuda kuti muviri wake wakafukidzwa tsono refu nomutsipa, zvechipameso chakafanana tyoni chiri mhuka. Kana ngozi nyoka kungoitwa bhora, nokudaro achidzivirira pavavengi. muviri mhuka ine kureba vanenge 80 cm kuguma mberi ndiko elongated nokuumba chiduku proboscis. Venyoka - kuzvirotera nezvikara. Masikati kuzorora, uye mumadekwana ari kuvhima. Saka, chiratidzo vane simba, iyo iri ndanyarara hangu nokuda rakaisvonaka kunhuhwidza. Venyoka vari burrowing maoko nemakumbo. vanopinda muvhu invertebrates With pavo uye Sticky rurimi. Vakadzi kazhinji akarara rimwe zai, iro vakarangana paganda pazvirugu.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana spiny Nehwiribidi

Rinotaurawo vamiririri veboka mhuka, monotremes kukupfura. Nehama dzayo pedyo vari echidnas zvakawanda elongated proboscis, uyewo kuvapo minwe matatu pane shanu. tsono dzavo mapfupi, vakawanda vavo zvakavigwa bvudzi. Asi maoko nemakumbo Kusiyana neizvi, Hwakareba. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana spiny Nehwiribidi vari endemic kuchitsuwa New guineas.

Hwaro zvokudya pakati monotremes kumusoro earthworms uye zvipembenene. Kufanana catty, ivo kuvabata tacky rurimi refu, iro pane vakawanda diki zvokukochekera.

platypus

mhuka iyi yakaita vakakwereta muviri wake zvikamu dzimwe dzinomiririra umambo uhwu. The platypus iri dzakashandisa Semi-hwemvura mararamiro. muviri wake akafuka gobvu gobvu bvudzi. Zvakaoma uye akapotsa ndiyo isapinda. mhuka iyi ane muromo mumwe Dhadha uye Beaver muswe. On minwe vakaronga swimming Kamudzira uye unopinza nenzara. Vanhurume ari makumbo hadzi nounhu horny chaitika, umo akazaruka dzokuwana uturu mumasero. Nokuti murume Hakusi zvinouraya, asi anogona kukonzera kwazvo kuzvimba zvakananga nzvimbo yokutanga, uye ipapo yose richiripo.

Ndosaka platypus unowanzonzi "wosekwa waMwari." Maererano nengano pakupera kwenyika pakasikwa Musiki vakaramba tsva zvikamu kubva mhuka dzakasiyana. Izvi, iye akasika platypus. Haasi chete wokuAustralia endemic. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zviratidzo yacho, ane mufananidzo rinowanikwa kunyange pamari iyoyo State.

mhuka iyi anovhima zvakanaka mumvura. Asi matendere uye burrows that zvinovaka chete panyika. Izvi mhuka söpö hariudzi nhema hakukuvadzi. Iye swims pamwero chinokosha, uye nezvavakatapa zvakakwana zvinenge semheni - mukati masekondi 30. Naizvozvo zvinogara mumvura mhuka dukuduku mukana kutiza chikara. Nemhaka zvinokosha mbava platypus vemo shoma yekudyidzana. Panguva iyoyo, kuvhima pavo hakubvumidzwi.

Izvi mhuka Subclass

Mhuka monotremes anonyanya inozivikanwa nokuva cloaca. mhuka idzi nevachena mawindo nokuda zvomudumbu, okubereka uye Urinary nehurongwa. In ichi subclass oga marsupials uye placental mhuka.

Marsupial kukupfura

Vamiriri ichi hurongwa dzakabatana vane redehwe bhegi nedumbu rake. Vamwe mhuka dziri monotremes vane nemamiriro mutsetse. Asi marsupials izvozvo rakazaruka ducts ari mammary mumasero. Vazhinji mhuka idzi anogara Australia, asi opossum ndawana muNorth America.

The yakakurumbira nhengo murayiro marsupial ndiye kangaruru. Ichi guru mhuka kuti zvinofamba kusvetuka. kureba yavo inogona kusvika kusvika 1.5 metres. Nemhaka zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira hadzi yayo uye muswe vachifambira nokukurumidza. Kangaroo anogona kusvika nokukurumidza 50 km / h. herbivores idzi dzinowanzopiwa vakarwiswa zvikara siyana. Ivo vanodzivirirwa hadzi maoko nemakumbo, kuvimba muswe.

South Australia koala anogara, rinonziwo riri koala. mhuka iyi akanaka zuva rose akagara mira pamiti. Uye usiku anoenda chinoshingaira mararamiro. Zvokudya ine koalas mashizha uye nhungirwa duku Eucalyptus. Hadzina zvikuru voracious. Pazuva vanogona kudya kuti kilogram zvokudya. Koalas nyama inedible, asi mbava kunokosha zvikuru kuvanhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ichi mhando anenge rakanga vava kuda kutsakatika. Panguva iyi, mhuka wakapinda mune International Red Book.

Marsupials nyanzvi nzvimbo dzakawanda. Vazhinji vavo imhuka nyika. Vamwe vanogara miti. koala ichi uye petauridae. Dzimwe kurarama pevhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira marsupial nhuta uye opossum.

placental mhuka

Mhuka, marsupials uye monotremes vari dioecious nemhuka pezviri muchangosangana. The zvemberi STRUCTURAL zvinhu vane placental nhengo dzekirasi ichi. Ndivo rinonyanya zvakasikwa. Munguva embryo budiriro vakaumba afterbirth kana placenta. Ichi ndicho muviri yaunopiwa ukama embryo naamai. Panguva pamuviri placenta mazuva 11 ari nemakonzo kusvika 24 mwedzi.

boka iri inomiririrwa vakawanda mammalian dzakabatana. Saka, vamiririri Insectivorous vari hedgehogs, moles, muskrats, shrews, chena-toothed shrew. Ravaigona chinhu hakusi chete hunhu zvokudya, asi pakuonekwa. Front musoro Mbeswa vakaparadzana uye elongated proboscis anoumba pfupi, izvo tisanzwe bvudzi.

Placental nyanzvi nzvimbo dzose kunze organismic. Zviremwaremwa vanokwanisa kubhururuka nokuda pamberi ganda matanga pakati zvigunwe, iyo inoshanda bapiro. Pinnipeds dzinopedza hwavo mumvura, uye Cetaceans vanogara ikoko zvachose. The pano placental zvinosanganisira nemakonzo, Lagomorphs, vakomana - namabhiza, Runobatwa uye Primates. Man ndicho kukupfura.

Mhuka - the monotremes, marsupials uye placental zvokudya vadzo nomukaka. Imwe neimwe superclass ine maitiro ayo. In monotremes akaponesa cloaca, marsupials ganda ukagunzva aumbwa, umo imwe nguva dzichiri vachangoberekwa. Vose endemic kuAustralia. Marsupials uye monotremes placental mhuka havana. Nokuda nhengo unobatanidza mai uye mwana utero, chiedza rinooneka zvikuru musoro specimens. Naizvozvo placental ndiyo inonyanya zvikuru vamiririri kirasi.