Missiles apu: C-300 "Favorite". Magadzirirwo, mapikicha

Kuwanda anoranga nemauto nezvesayenzi, zvikuru nevanhu munzvimbo inonzi ato, usapinda dzaishandisa mhepo kudzivirira zvechitima. Tinoda vatyairi paratroopers, vashori, asi kwete vaya vakapfuura rokumanikidzirwa kana chibvumirano basa uye vakadzidziswa mukutarisira Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "MABHUKU" kana C-300 "Favorite". Photos uye vhidhiyo unyanzvi ichi, zvinokambaira mumigwagwa kumabvazuva, mwedzi ichangobva kupfuura, kuti zvikazara nhau uye Indaneti.

Sei "Favorites" pedyo Donetsk?

Zvakaratidza kuti Anti-ndege gadziriro vanachiremba apu zvakakwana sezvo SAM pachavo. Sei vari ikoko? Nokuti isu tese kuti nevarwi vehurumende ndege yayo ipapo, uye chitarisiko chawo haisi kutarisirwa. Saka, vakawanda zviuru mauto uye mapurisa kurwa zvinonetsa zvakakura kwerinopfuura gore uye vachiri kuita pasina avhiyesheni uye ano yemagetsi zvehondo? Vane ndege kuenda muchigogodza pasi Masvomhu kushumira chombo gadziriro S-300 apu "Favorite"? Pane mibvunzo yakawanda pane mhinduro. Kuti zvimwe kujekesa zvinhu, zvingava zvakakodzera kuti kunzwisisa zvinyiko izvi achizvidzivirira enyika, sezvo Ukraine avagamuchira uye sei vanogona kuva.

General zvinodiwa kuti ano Mobile mhepo kudzivirira chombo hurongwa

Soviet zvombo Anti-ndege kubvira pakutanga kwayo, akaziva inonyatsobudirira nzira rokurwisa ndege muvengi. Zvakakwana kuyeuka zviitiko mukupera vamakumi mashanu - mangwanani sixties pavakanga vakapfurwa pasi musori ndege U-2 vaionekwa invulnerable. Vanogona vabhururuke kumusoro altitudes (pamusoro 18.000 metres), apo interceptors kugona vanobviswa, asi avo zvombo Anti ndege, uye ikoko. Zvino kwakange Vietnam, yakaratidza kuti nyika kuti vasingarangwi kuti anobhomba Hanoi uye mamwe maguta Vietnam hakushande kunyange US Air Force vakanga rinorema-basa rwokugadzira nzira. Panguva iyoyowo, uye vaiva chikuru zvinodiwa kuti ano Mobile Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa mugadziriro, uye panguva imwecheteyo, uye kuziva matambudziko huru yakatarisana Masvomhu dzavo. Mune "Shrike" zvombo US protivoradarnyh zvakanga pamwe mutsara yezviri kutsvaka nhovo huru chaibwinya pedyo antennas. Pakarepo mushure kanda vakava zvinokosha "rinoshamisa mavhiri" kureva, napo munhu kunokurumidza bailout rwisana zvepamusoro kuitira kuti vadzivise kutsiva. Kuunza zvakaoma kupinda chokufambisa nzvimbo yakapiwa kwemaminitsi mashomanana (kazhinji zvishoma kupfuura 20), apo, sezvinoita mutemo, kubatana netambo kukanda, nekuti pakange pasina nguva vanodzungunyika navo.

Zvakaitika zvose izvi zvinoratidzwa magadzirirwe mhepo-kudzivirira yakaoma S-300 "Favorite". Shanduro yokutanga Its akatanga kuti mune 1969, sezvo mauto akapinda muna 1978.

mamwe mashoko

Saka, ano Mobile zvivako mhepo kudzivirira zvinodiwa munguva pfupi nguva vatendeuke uye kuuya nemauto chinzvimbo, uye ipapo sezvinoita nokukurumidza (uye zvichida kunyange dzichimhanya), hwakatamisirwa chokufambisa chinzvimbo uye kusiya operative dzoga, pasina akamirira kwaiita muvengi matanho neutralize nayo. Asi pane zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti akaumba pakuonekwa vaizotibata Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa gadziriro S-300 "Favorite" okunatsiridza siyana. Mumwe wavo ndiye chokwadi kuti pakutanga kurwa nzvimbo yakanga pachivande. Kana iwe woisa SAM pabani pakachena, muvengi achakwanisa kuwana munzira dzakawanda, kusanganisira zvinhu. The pakuparurwa musango, kana nokuda dzinongoitika mipendero kusunungurwa nzvimbo chakaoma, sezvo zvipingamupinyi izvi zvinogona kudzivirira nayo. Asi, kuti kuponesa bhajeti mari, zviri chinodiwa kubatanidza vatatu mhando huru chinangwa nokuda Navy, iyo Army uye Air Defense. Izvi rinonyanya dzinoenderana mashoko chombo gadziriro S-300 "Favorite".

Basic zvinodiwa uye unhu

Pakutanga basa racho akatotanga akagadzira huru zvinetso mupomerwi. Sezvo kwakajairika ndege uye helicopters simbi zvinhu tactical sandara, pfungwa yaiva kunomisa yakaderera ichibhururuka zvombo uye mukuru-nokukurumidza huru, kurwisa kubva stratosphere iri hombe velocities (zvikurukuru kurwisana dzakabatana IDB). Izvi dungwerungwe yakafara anogona kushandisa S-300 "Favorite". Features anobvumira chero mhando chinangwa:

• Nharaunda - 5-90 (Papera 150)? Km.
• Kukwirira lesion Detective uye - kubva 25 M kusvika 27 km.
• chipfuro havukavu - kusvika 4140 km / h, pashure yakawedzera kusvika zviuru 10 km / h ..
• Nhamba panguva vachipa kupeperetswa - 6.
• Kuwanda zvombo nechimwe chipfuro - 2.
• Mukana kuparadza chipfuro (ballistic chombo) - kubva 80 kusvika 93%.
• Time pakati kunotangira - kubva 3 kusvika 5 seconds.

Gamha pasi-zvinobhururuka uye zvinangwa super-soro

Munguva manonwe, rinofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza basa raiva kudzivirira mukana kuparadzwa ndege sandara trajectory uye warheads pamusoro ballistic zvombo, muri hwokupedzisira trajectory. For zvinangwa izvi uye zvakasikwa S-300 "Favorite", asi magadzirirwo ayo inorangarira tarisiro kukura zvokurarama chokuendesa munitions. Mberi tsamwisa zvombo hakudzivisiki, Saka, imwe chirongwa inodhura yakadai - kuitira kudzivisa kwava kuda obsolescence - vanofanira kukwanisa kupfura zvinhu pasi, kubhururuka nokukurumidza uye yakakwirira advance navo. Asingasviki 25 metres? Zvichida, asi zvino, ari 70s, kufungidzira mukana pakusika ane midziyo anokwanisa zvakadaro, zvakanga hazvitomboiti, uye nhasi zvakaoma. S-300 "Favorite" aiva mukuru kukwanisa nadzurudzo, vane yakatopfuura uye nhasi - vari kunyanya inobva Russian mhepo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa, kunyange paitova "kufara" of S-400 pamwe kunowedzerwa maitiro. On kusvika uye C-500.

mamiriro nokupesana

Divisional musimboti dzedenga kudzivirira hurongwa kunoda rakakodzera utariri mamiriro dzakabatana.

The Zvinoumba zvakaoma akagadzirwa S-300 "Favorite" unosanganisira dzinoverengeka Mobile launchers, vanoumba boka umo mumwe muchina ichaongororwa kuva mukuru, uye vaviri kupfuura mhando - hako. Kunze kwavari, weboka zvaisanganisira kukanganiswa radar dzemapurisa uye nzira kuunza rwisana kushanda (kuchaja chokufambisa motokari). Management rinoitwa kubva Mobile murayiro post, akashongedzerwa pamwe radar kuvhenekerwa nenhungamiro. Kuonekwa kuti kurwisa yakaderera kukwira trajectory zvinoberekwa yakaderera kukwira detector HBO, iyo anoiswa pamusoro rinokosha yemasiraidhi-kubva karavhani rig.

chitundumuseremusere 5V55R

Zvinonzi akashongedzerwa ane zvakawanda zvombo zvakasiyana, zvino zvinokonzerwa 5V55R yakatanga CB "tochi". It rakavakwa pamusoro dzekare zano pamwe shangu muhombe vakasunungura. Mune senga nzvimbo kuti kutanga 5V55R riri mune pemakomo hermetically nechisimbiso cylindrical mugaba. Mukati gumi, hakufaniri kudzora kwavo mamiriro, sezvo iri vakapakata yakasimba injini. The nezvikamu ane chombo kudzora zvokushandisa, mirayiridzo Radhika nezvimwe Hardware gadziriro. PU-300 "Favorite" anogona kuita kanda chero zvinhu zvakavanzika, kusanganisira vepamusorosoro zvikuru, nemhaka chinovaka features, ichipa catapult kutanga. Party, inova chinangwa, hazvina kukosha. The chombo iri vabudiswa mugaba kuti kukwirira 20 metres, uye ipapo iye otanga injini, uye iye anotendeuka kurudyi kunzvimbo.

putika simba

Action HE kusabatana kupwanya zvikamu: Nokufema pave Vector zviito rinotungamirirwa aibuda achirova zvinhu muchimiro ane richikura cone. 5V55R chitundumuseremusere S-300 "Favorite" vachirwa mupanda ine musoro guru 133 makirogiramu ose putika, 48N6 - 143 makirogiramu uye simba kupfuura 48N6M - 180 makirogiramu. mutariri kudzidziswa contactlessly (kureva kubata-chinangwa ndege Hull optional) radar fuze chiito. Submunitions dzinoitwa muchimiro simbi zvinogumbura.

Electronics

The backwardness of Soviet yemagetsi michina iri manonwe haana kutaura chete vagari simbe. Japanese kana German vanyori, TVs uye maredhiyo zvaiva zvechokwadi nani, asi kuti enzanisa mukana rechiuto zvigadzirwa, hapana aigona, asi unyanzvi. Saka, chikwata, akatungamirirwa V. S. Burtsevym, akanga atova akakudziridza kudzora kombiyuta, iyo yakava nheyo zvakaoma 5E26, anokwanisa kugadzirisa chaizvo kunzwisisa matambudziko algorithmic uye generalize Rinobva akawanda zvinyorwa (pamusoro-bhodhi uye zvimwewo locators) Chidimbu ruzivo. Uye kunze, kurwa hurongwa S-300 "Favorite" vakagamuchira kukwanisa kusiyanisa wechokwadi kubva mashoko venhema. Ivo pave zviito zvakafanira muna otomatiki muoti rurefu mwero ruzha kutapata. Munguva eighties, iri midziyo kakawanda akavandudzika, uye izvi akaramba ari XXI remakore, uchishandisa kupfuura ano zvinoriumba.

Vangani "favorite" iri Ukraine?

Kusvikira 1991, izvi uye zvimwe nehurongwa vakanga vakamuka achitevedza yose mukomberedzo ari mamiriro pamuganhu Soviet Union, uye pashure pokuwa chikamu vavo vakanga nhaka apu. C-300 "Favorite" kunoda kutarisirwa unyanzvi kubva panguva kugadzirwa kunyange idzva "yechiUkraine" chombo kwave kota remakore, riri kaviri kupfuura akaisawo unovimbisa pasherufu upenyu. mumwe kunzwisisa chete chakagadziriswa muna 2012 aine makore mashanu kuwedzera upfumi. Navo 2013 kuenda mudyandigere asi East zviitiko kudziviswa zvirongwa izvi. Ukraine paaizvidzivirira iri parizvino anomiririrwa makumi matanhatu battalions mugadziriro mhando dzakasiyana vakawanda "favorite" izvi sei (C-200, "MABHUKU-M1" uye vamwe.) - ruzhinji havasi kuudzwa. Ivo vakaita kuRussia, pane imwe ouinjiniya chirimwa navo. M. I. Kalinina, uye nokuda kwezvikonzero pachena, haana kutengeswa kunyika kutevera venga mitemo.

tarisiro

Ivai kuti hazvo, asi "Favorites" muuto wokuUkraine zvakawanda zvichiri. Zvisinei, mugove wavo anenge akaneta, asi kufunga rwunotyisa simba uye rakavimbika Soviet zvigadzirwa, zvinganzi vakafunga kuti kunyange nhasi vakawanda hurongwa vari mumamiriro yetsiva chemwoyo. Mune zvose izvi aifarira-Western nzira magetsi Kiev Hurumende inoti kuti mazuvaano mhepo kudzivirira richava kumadokero ivhu. Need mari, kuti hazvina kukwana, saka kuti nokukurumidza reserved zvinofanira kutarisirwa. Zvisinei, chii chinogona kupfeka kuhondo basa anyora kubvisa wokupedzisira "kufarira?" The Newest hurongwa havafaniri kutarisira kosi gwara Ukraine kwakaita wokumwe kudaro zvakajeka kutarisira kuti vaitungamirira kunyika NATO vakaisa avo arambe kwete chete for free, asi kuti mari yakawanda. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo wokuti sei American, British kana French kuzvidzivirira chombo gadziriro tichabudirira kuna hondo chaiyo risati rakura kuva "inopisa" danho? Rakajairika kumadokero nyika SAM zvaiona yakaitwa muna US "Patriot". Zvimwe vari kuenda kuchinja zvombo nhoo-300 "Favorite"?

Tichienzanisa "Patriot"

Chinenge zviratidzo zvose S-300 ane "Patriot". Nharaunda, sezvamakaropafadzwa kubaya kutora zvichiita, izvozvo zviri kudzika (90 maringe 150 km). kunomisa kureba sevakaderera (24.4 maringe 30 mamita zviuru.). Area akadzivirirwa "kufarira" nharaunda zvakapetwa kagumi mukuru (150 sq. Km uye 15 azvaitwa). Kana Russian hurongwa rokupedzisira nadzurudzo akagadzirira kunomisa hypersonic vanonangwa (kusvika 10 000 m / s), ayo aikwikwidza American ane paanogumira kuvandudzwa (kusvika 2200 m / chik). Zvisinei, nhamba zvombo, vakafurira panguva imwecheteyo, vanopfuura hafu (24 uye 12), asi mari "Patriot" iri pamusoro nguva. ndinorova simba zvakare akakwirira pakati "favorite" - kuti zvombo American ndiye makirogiramu 80. Nekutumirwa kwemauto nguva uye pakugwamba (maminitsi 15-30) uye asingauyi kutaura nyasha US mharidzo. Mukuwedzera, hazvina kuzvidzora propelled, towed pakushaiwa kwake. Saka zvakare, Russia yakanga mberi.