Third-29: Magadzirirwo. Third-29: chombo, kumhanya, mapikicha

The zvinoita kudzivirira indasitiri of USSR kakawanda wakarerutsa muvengi, sezvo vanokwanisa uye chaiyo. A Nhamba mimwe maoko Soviet kuti nhoroondo nyika rava mureza kuti vagadziri vakawanda vakava industrially States. Vamwe vavo kunyange akava chiratidzo muchiuto of USSR uye Russia itsva. Kubwinya michina Shpagin uye Kalashnikov, T-34 T-54 "Katyusha" uye dzimwe Russian zvinouraya chigadzirwa kwabva zvinopfuura wechitanhatu wenyika. Combat ndege third kushanda epamba zvombo Classics.

Nhoroondo third Design Bureau

Design Bureau akatanga kushanda pamberi Hondo Yenyika II. Engineers A. I. Mikoyanu (munun'una Stalin kuti commissar) uye M. I. Gurevichu muna 1940, akakwanisa kusika murwi mukuru, mumwe zvechadenga zvakanaka munyika. Aiva nhamba kwokusakwana, asi panguva yokutanga kutora-kure bvunzo nokukurumidza ichi lightweight muchina pamwe dzakanaka contours vaigona kukwikwidzana chero ndege kuGermany, UK kana US.

KB agara kutsvaka kwete chete kutevera nyika yokurera ndege maindasitiri, asiwo mukana kuvabvunza. Wokutanga kugadzirwa ndege iri USSR, ivo third-9, aiva achipindura anobudirira Implementation of Air Force Western ndege mukirasi yacho.

reactive panguva

Kusingafadzi kushamisika nokuti American vezvikepe raiva third-15 nokukurumidza uye maneuverability maitiro mukuru kune achishora kugadzirwa Northrop uye dzimwe vagadziri kubva US vaitenda nzira yake unmatched. Mudenga panguva hondo yokuVietnam akaratidza kuti zvakaisvonaka interceptor third-17 uye third-21. Paiva nezvimwe yemashoko ndege, third-19 uye third-23. kakawanda munguva yehondo neIjipiti inorema basa third-25 vaIsraeri vaiputsa pamberi mutsetse, zvichiita vachirwisa musi Tel Aviv. Uye kunyange vasina zvombo, chokwadi chokuti Soviet ndege ichibhururuka vasingarangwi pamusoro nyika, vakagadzirira pamwe azvino US mhepo kudzivirira gadziriro akaita chando hotheads zhinji. A nhamba pakati emunharaunda nokurwisana, umo reSoviet muchiuto ndege third akaratidza pacharo kwakasimba, rava mhando rokuzivisa zvizivikanwe, runovimbisa yepamusoro uye-soro kunyatsoshanda reSoviet uto michina. Mugumo zvinoitwa vagadziri raiva third-29. Technical zvechadenga murwi uye nhasi, makore 37 pashure kuguma makuru akaitwa basa zvikuru zvinodiwa ano hondo nemotokari vari mukirasi yacho.

Hunokosha hurumende basa

Mukupera sixties - mangwanani manonwe, chikuru "workhorse" the US Air Force uye dzakawanda - zvinogona vavengi USSR - yakanga yakakurumbira F-4, "Phantom" akasiyana okunatsiridza wekambani McDonnell Douglas. The namaapuro ndege iyi yave aibudirira, zvinogona kusarudza ndicho hunhu dambudziko - pakuitisa mhepo rwisana achifambisa kuti kubhomba uye chombo kurwiswa paivhu kunangwa. Asi zvakaitika Vietnam neMiddle East akaratidza kuti pamusoro Soviet third-21 uye kunyange adarika third-17 kumurwisa nesimba. kurasikirwa reshiyo haana achitsigira vokuAmerica. MuUnited States makatanga basa iri pakusika yokutsiva "Phantom", izvo zvakazoita Ndege ndege F-14 "Tomcat" uye F-15 "Eagle". Soviet Air Force kudiwa mazuvaano tichifunga kwenguva refu zvirongwa mhiri kwemakungwa vagadziri ndege ne "katsi" dzavo uye "zvapungu". KB third, hurumende yeSoviet akaisa kupfura. By kuwa 1977 ndakanga akagadzirira idzva interceptor third-29. kumumvuri kutora-kure kwakaitika musi 6 October. Pashure pemakore mashanu, ndege vava Air Forces of USSR.

A zvishoma nechitarisiko

Mumakore iwayo, kunyange chitarisiko itsva mhando chombo aiva mamiriro muchivande. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda echimurenga zvekushandisa zvinogadzirisa, kusanganisira Conceptual, akava pachena chepfungwa third-29. Photo nokusaziva rakabudiswa pachaunga, kana chiratidzo nendege zvinyorwa, akaratidza paterevhizheni, kwaigona vanachiremba misasa utsinye mune pfungwa huru mutsara yemberi avhiyesheni indasitiri. Maererano pfungwa Mugadziri Chief M. Waldenberg akatsigira kubudirira General Vanya Mikoyan R. Belyakov, ndege yave vanonzi Integrated redunhu marongerwo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kubva pose akabvuma avhiyesheni nokupesana mazano mundege uye fuselage iri KB akarega. The yose airframe zvaisanganisira wakatsetseka kuchinja, sagging, ne "chekare" divi masvingo chete panguva uta.

Matanho zvinoenderana pakavanda haana kunyanya nokungwarira. Spy vamwe vanhu dzinokura vanokwanisa nyanzvi akasika third ndege. Photo shanduka Yakawanda akataura "Phantom", kwakaitwa rimwe mhepo inoratidza akapa munguva yake chaizvo mashoko mainjiniya edu. Gungano kwakafanana yaiiswa third-23.

Simba chirimwa uye mufananidzo wacho "bhero"

Ndege injini mbiri (RD kana RD-PO-ZZK kuti nadzurudzo "M"), izvo riri pazasi bapiro. Zvavo zvachose vaise anogona kusvika kubva 16.600 kusvika 17.600 kN (kgf). Kana tinofunga kuti kutora-kure kurema muchina matani anopfuura 15, zviri nyore kugumisa kuti vakapfuura kukosha chinoratidza chikwata huru-uremu reshiyo. Izvi zvinozoita zvinoreva kuti kana third-29 kuisa vertically mumusiye gasi sectors munzvimbo pedyo kusvika pokupedzisira, izvozvo akusungirire panzvimbo kana hunopfuura pasina vachasimudza yacho bapiro. Izvi hwokugadzira chinhu kunoita kuti aratidze kwete chete nedzimwe aerobatics pamusoro mienzaniso, asi anewo zvakakosha inoshanda kukosha. Locators anoshanda ari Doppler pfungwa uye anogona chete chamber zvinhu uchifamba. Panguva Implementation iri "bhero" uye "Cobra" (kureva vanonzi aerobatics panguva aurayiwe iyo pane "lag") kumhanya ndege third-29 akaenzana razero, uye vose kuzvidzora uye kutungamirirwa muvengi mhepo kudzivirira gadziriro hamucharambi kuzviona mumafirimu dzavo .

"Gills" third-29

In ndege kuvaka, pane dzimwe mhinduro kuti aratidze matsva nzira nezvokugadzirisa kudzvanya matambudziko. Simba propulsion Hurongwa kunoda mhepo, uye vakanwa kupinda kugamuchirwa yaunodya akawanda. Kana runway akafuka chando, pamusoro payo pane jecha (kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo kwete husiri nyore kuwana) kana imwe tsvina, inowira zvose kupinda turbine. Pane nzira dzakawanda kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Somuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuti kuisa mhepo filters mumotokari. Asi naivowo vanowanzoda kuti tsinga. Kana mumwe mhinduro: kuisa mhepo intakes kwirirei. Asi ichi emunhu ari aerodynamic ehupfumi ari airframe. In nyaya third-29 vagadziri makatora kujairika uye rakasiyana mhinduro. Air yaunodya kusvikira yokururamisa iri kumhara giya kuburikidza mamwe mhepo inlets chokumusoro fairing unobva bapiro pamwe fuselage. misara vavo vaviri, ivo dziri symmetrically kurudyi nokuruboshwe divi. Vakadaidzwa "gills". Kana yasimuka uye kumhara huru mhepo intakes vari makavhara chose, uye chete pashure kutaridza yakakwana njodzi kushanda kukwirira anovhura.

Avionics

Kwete chete michina simba uye zvakaisvonaka aerodynamics ndiyo inozivikanwa third-29. Magadzirirwo, chero vakanga rasprekrasno, yazvino mhepo kurwisana hakuvimbisi kukunda, kana mutyairi haina kugadzirirwa ergonomic ezvinhu uye ruzivo nerutsigiro, unokupa chisarudzo pakarepo. Kunyange zvakadaro, chizvarwa chechina kuti chinhu hake, kunyanya sezvo ichangobva kuitika pamusoro zvemagetsi, vavengi vedu fungidzira kwagara kubatwa kufarirwa zvikuru. Chokwadi kuti hwaro mutengo-bhodhi kombiyuta (ichi TS100.02-06) Information uye Computing Center, hazvishamisi. Kokutanga munyika (uye zvichida munyika) rakashandiswa zhinji mamwe mano aivabatsira basa mutyairi. Zvikurukuru, "Natasha" (sezvo vatyairi remadunhurirwa hurongwa inzwi chiratidzo, Chokwadi, ichi "diamond-UP"), inzwi hadzi zvinofadza anokuudza kuti nzira rinoitwa pasi kushaya kureba kana kumhanya, zivisa pamusoro muvengi, vauya muswe, kana zvimwe ngozi, kukanganisa kana zvaipa.

Arms kuzvidzora zviri nyore chaizvo. Mashoko ari projected padenga windshield PANE yemapurisa kanopi uye pamusoro headset akatasva chipfuro izita hurongwa. Akatarira Ndege, ndakatora chisarudzo kurwisa, yaisunda bhatani kunorwa - uye tinogona kufunga kuti muvengi waguma. Ndizvo chinouraya Kutarira vafambisi vezvikepe edu. Uye kana akanyonganisa uye vakarasikirwa spatial wezwi, zviri kunaka, baya mumwe bhatani uye ndege pacharo inoputswa uye kudimburira, uye pamusoro mumwe mupumburu.

Electronic utariri hurongwa

Mazuva muchiuto nendege kamura avionics uye zvombo kudzora mamiriro akaoma. Pasina vasanonoka kuonekwa ari kubaya tikafunga panyika radar kukunda nhasi kwakaoma zvisingaiti, asi mudziyo uyu anoita wekushandisa chaitika. Third-29 nepokuongorora Radar mhando HO-93 anokwanisa pamwe gumi kunangwa panguva imwe chete. Ndizvo chikamu sighting uye wekushandisa yakaoma OEPRNK-29, izvo zvinogona kuita nokukurumidza Mapping, algorithms anoti kurwisa wengarava uye pasi nangananga muvengi. In Chimiro wayo imomo uye optronic sighting gadziriro OEPS-29, kana kureva kukura matsva nebudiriro quantum wefizikisi. Chinangwa iri dzakaonekwa uye kuzivikanwa panguva chinhambwe 35? Km (nokuti Dogons) 75? Km (mu akasununguka nzvimbo). Kazhinji, kunzwisisa kudzora gadziriro, asi pasinei ichi, zviri nyore kushandisa.

The nhungirwa?

Zvakaitika kuti Vietnam War akaratidza kuti zvimwe zvombo kuti dogfight, kunyanya maneuverable, zvakaoma. Nokunyima atirari "Phantom", vokuAmerica dzakamanikidzwa wekuvamba chinokosha yakaturikwa midziyo ine pfuti uye zvombo. Third-zvombo nokukurumidza-29 (1500 vaitenderera paminiti) GSh-301 mvura-dzaserera wemari rine anoshongwa zana (30 mm caliber).

nhanhatu kwokunze pylons hwavapo pasi pemapapiro zvakagadzirirwa zvombo. Zvichienderana basa, vanogona kuiswa SD (R-73 kana R-60M). Nokuti kurwisa pasi huru kushandisa SD mhando X-25M. Kuisa nzira idzi voitakura kunze zvichida neterevhizheni Mureza kana munhu Laser danda. Aiming unguided (NAR mumagazini, bhomba) iri zvinoberekwa radar. Marine chipfuro kukanganiswa SD X-29 Anti-chikepe zvombo, kana supersonic mhando X-31a, izvo zvinogona kutakura third-29. Chombo mazhinji yemashoko zvitundumuseremusere yakavakwa kupinda akaitwa kuturika zvinoriumba.

Total mabhomba uye zvitundumuseremusere shoma kunonyanyisa rwisana mutoro matani 3 (chawo womuenzaniso) uye 4, 5 matani (third-29M).

TTX third-29

Ndege Kukura uye kurema zvishoma zvishoma dzomuzana panguva American, izvo zvinosanganisira F-14 F-15. Rova zvakasimba Soviet interceptor mapapiro metres zvishoma kupfuura 11 (akadai "Tomcat" panguva kunonyanyisa kutsvaira, uye "tsono" - 13 m). Kureba mamita 17 achitevedza danda-ndege refueling (19 pamusoro mumwe nomumwe "vokuAmerica). Third-29, izvo hunorema anenge 15 matani, zviri nyore zvose ndege - zvichida vavengi (anenge gumi matani neimwe). Link turbines maviri kunopfuura mota American uye rinosvika 17.600 kN (14,500 Y "Tomcat" uye zvishoma kupfuura 13 chiuru. The "tsono").

The duku nzvimbo bapiro (38 sq. M.) Anogona pasvika yakakwirira chaizvo mutoro, asi kuzadzisa nemupristi Simba airframe nokuda peculiarities ari musimboti urongwa. Third-nokukurumidza chinosvika 29 2.3M (2450 km / h), y uriri musimboti third-29K ari zvishoma kuvatumwa 2300 km / h. Enzanisa: F-14, anokwanisa kuva 1,88 M (1995 km / h) uye F-15 - 2 650 km / h. Chimwe chinoratidza kukosha - Kureba nzira panguva yasimuka uye kumhara. Kuti ubvise third, zvakakwana runway kureba 700 metres, uye pamwe afterburner -. 260 chete M chaanogara chikuva mamita 600 refu. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kurishandisa somunhu ndege inotakura-kwakavakirwa (netambo braking gadziriro), kana kushanda mune kubikwa airfields (kana kunyange zvikamu huru, sezvo zvakaitika panguva reYugoslavia hondo). About chete razbezhno-Probizhna unhu vane motokari vose American. Kukwanisa kushandisa ave nechimwe murwi vatakuri ndege kune kunovaka uye akapa, akaita asingapeteki akazotsiviwa nemapepa aipeteka bapiro kunyaradzana. Third-29 kumhara nokukurumidza iri 235 km / h, izvo Hunotaurawo nezvenguva yaro "mweya mugungwa." palubniki American vane chete iyoyo.

Practical third siringi rinosvika 17.000 metres uye anopindura ane zvenguva nzvimbo pakati F-14 F-15.

Paavhareji kurwisa unhu Soviet third-29, iyo hwokugadzira unhu uye ayo mukana wokushandiswa kunotibvumira vanoti ndege runopfuura zvose analogues vatorwa, yakatanga panguva iyoyo sezvo iye. Kukwanisa inonyangarika radar sefa pakati ane mhepo kurwa anopa motokari iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe. Innovation kureva kudzora hurongwa, zvipfuwo avhiyesheni indasitiri vakauya kuti qualitatively itsva chechetere. Zvinokoshawo kuti third-29 ane yakafara zvinogona kuti nadzurudzo. Its chipfuro mhando dzakasiyana wezwi, zvakasiyana ndege chikuva, aine chinangwa chakasiyana dzichipfekeka onboard zvemagetsi zvokushandisa, kubva tactical Ndege kurovedzwa "ichibhururuka dhesiki", yakabudiswa maviri dhazeni. Vaviri vavo (the third-33 uye third-35) vanoparadzaniswa kupinda akazvimirira CB womuenzaniso mutsetse navo. Mikoyan uye Gurevich.

With siyana zviratidzo pamapapiro

Pashure pokuwa USSR uto rengarava vasina kuroora yakakamurwa pakati dzaichimbova dzeSoviet. Kuitirwa matambudziko zvemari, vazhinji vavo vakatanga kutengesa midziyo yavo ndisingadiwi. Somuenzaniso, Moldova akarasikirwa kuUnited States makumi maviri anoshandiswa third-29. Mari ndege neimwe yakanga $ 2 mamiriyoni, inova nguva zhinji dzakaderera pane pamisika mutengo. VokuAmerica interceptor ichi kwaidiwa dzichiri nzira kurwisa BBC inoti kuti iri basa. MiGs vakatengeswa muhondo dzinodengenyeka muAfrica, Asia uye dzimwe nyika.

Air-nhengo kunyika ari Warsaw chibvumirano uyewo aine third-29. Vanenge vose vakauya dzinoshandiswa ane "shamwari" kuti Russia mukutarisana NATO. vezvikepe German Luftwaffe vakajaira kuchitendero American ano, vakanga mate kushamiswa nokunyaradzwa uye ergonomic kuzvidzora - maitiro unhu third-29 Soviet Ndege Photo pamwe Maltese michinjikwa (kuzivikanwa inoratidza German Air Force), kutanga akamutsa uninitiated akavhiringidzwa, ipapo ichi zvose zvaishandiswa.

The ndege iri basa munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu, uye ivo kuzvishandura apo zvose haisi kuenda.

Pakusarudza nokutengesa kudzivirira zvigadzirwa hurumende yokumwe vanotungamirirwa kunyanya kurwisa unhu uye enyika zvinhu. Asi kwete muduku rinokosha mari zvinoumba kutengeserana. Third-29, izvo inenge mamiriyoni 70-75 emadhora por Unit, anogona kugadzirisa zvikuru chaizvo mabasa echiuto kupfuura ayo transatlantic aikwikwidza F-15, izvo "kumbira" kune mazana emamiriyoni. Munguva yedu dambudziko musiyano kwakadaro pachena anotamba mumaoko Russian "Oboroneksportu".

Third rwisana ruzivo

Chero bedzi makwikwi, "pfungwa yokutsigira» ( «Fulcrum», anonzi NATO third-29) uye American "Makondo» F-15 kwakanga yokungotaura hunhu, zvakakwanisika nharo kuti vamwe ndege nani. Yokutanga zvakakura chaizvo kurwisana pakati maviri aikwikwidza michina vakatora nzvimbo mudenga pamusoro Persian Gulf (1991, "Desert Storm" mashandiro). Muchirwisa colour chenyaya hombe kubudirira, nokuda kunyatsogadzirira, zvakanakira mashoko uye Analytical Software uye quantitative ukuru, akadai havaratidzi yakavhenekerwa chokuti munguva yehondo muGulf of omubatanidzwa ndege uye haana kukwanisa kukunda pane imwe akasimbisa kukunda pamusoro Iraqi third 29. Technical zvechadenga interceptor vezvikepe Hussein akasika zvinhu nokuda zvemuchadenga kukunda, nezvayo nyaya kuparadzwa British "dutu" iri kuchamhembe-rwamavirazuva Iraq (maererano unconfirmed mishumo akanga asiri oga).

13 third-29 reYugoslavia (kwaiva 15 SFRY zvombo, asi maviri pakutanga utsinye rwaivaunzira kukodzera nokuda kusimuka) wakapikisa kakawanda kupfuura NATO mauto. Nenzira inoshamisa America vezvikepe (maererano navo) wakaninipisa zvavo 24. Chokwadi, hazvina kudaro bravura, sezvo mushumo NATO vezvikepe. zvidzidzo mana wakabhombwa panhandare yendege, mumwe interceptor akarasikirwa netsaona. The matanhatu asara vakatosikwa kupfurwa pasi NATO, mubatanidzwa zvakanaka, zvisinei, kuita zvayo zvainokwanisa kuti understate kurasikirwa kwavo. Kuongorora nhamba uye nhamba munorumbidzirweiko MiGs vari Parizvino zvakaoma.

Paiva zvimwe zviitiko kuhondo basa ndege third-29, kuvonga nguva nenguva. Chero zvazvingava, kubudirira magadzirirwe muhondo motokari inogona kutongwa chete pamusoro zviitiko "wakachena" kunetsana pamwe kanenge anenge kunyatsoenzana vanokwanisa vezvikepe. Zvikamu kwakadaro vaiva vashoma munhoroondo achangopfuura, uye ivo vose vanoti third-29 ane upenyu refu mberi.