Mitauro Kuzivikanwa - zvose kuumbwa uye chii anoita

Muzana remakore rechi20 - uye zvino rechi21 - ruyamuro nzvimbo unyanzvi ari kuramba vachiisa munhu - ayo unhu, maitiro, hunhu - nechepakati kwesainzi. In zvemutauro pane zvakafanana: isu vanofarira mutauro, kwete sechinhu husingaoneki chakajairika, asi somunhu kuratidzwa evanhu, kukura kubudirira. In sainzi, pachine ingaita Dzidziso uye tsanangudzo kuti "mitauro Kuzivikanwa". Zvisinei, pamwe "mutauro mufananidzo wenyika" - kufanana pfungwa - the Chiitiko anotora masayendisiti zvese mutauro kudzidza - kutangira phonetics uye nekuguma zvakawedzerwa. Mune generalized chaizvo Pfungwa tinogona kutaura kuti mutauro unhu - kutaridza mitauro maitiro evanhu okuti. Paumbwe Hurukuro wacho zvakunoita achinyanya ayo mutauro waamai.

Uye pano tinofanira kuyeuka hypotheses iwayo mitauro (somuenzaniso, Sapir-Whorf pfungwa), maererano iyo anosarudza mutauro mafungiro. Somuenzaniso, nokuti mutauro wokuRussia vanhu vanodzidziswa zvakajeka uye nokusingagumi nyaya, izvo panoonekwa zvokutanga vakurukuri dzakaoma kuti weGermany mitauro (Chirungu, Danish, German). Uye zvichienzaniswa vokuPoland, mune Russian hakuna "muchikwata mukadzi venyama." Ndiko Polish kusiyanisa (muti, neboka chisazitasingwi kana rechiito), kana pamusoro boka umo maiva chete nevakadzi, nevana, kana mhuka, kana munhu - boka umo makanga kanenge mumwe murume, nokuti Russian hapana musiyano unokosha. Chii matambudziko? Zvikanganiso ari kudzidza mitauro, zvinova mugumisiro kwete kurovedza murombo, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvemitauro kuziva, imwe mitauro unhu.

Kunyange kana kutaura mutauro wadzo, isu kukurukurirana nenzira dzakasiyana Somuenzaniso, vezera, pamwe vadzidzisi forum. Kureva, zvichienderana munda kukurukurirana, tichashandisa unhu akasiyana yedu yokuzivikanwa - chii yedu mitauro ani, kusarudza mutauro, magadzirirwo vaitaura, maitiro. inotungamirwa Its hunotifambira kwete chete mutauro wavo waamai yakadaro, asi pakati dzidzo, uye pamwero dzidzo uye nzvimbo specialization. Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi chokuti mitauro ndiani chiremba Somuenzaniso, zvichava zvakasiyana kubva mutauro wacho programmer kana mushandi of Agriculture. Doctors Kazhinji kushandisa mishonga mazwi, kunyange vanhuwo pakutaura, dzavo neshamwari uye kuenzanisa zvingatoita kusunga nomuviri womunhu. Kunyange zvazvo ari kutaura mainjiniya kazhinji vakacherechedzawo madimikira chokuita zvigadziriswe uye michina. Saka, mutauro munhu mamiriro inotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda. Kwezvakatipoteredza takarerwa iyo, paakasika Zvisinei, nheyo, uyewo edu nemaitiro uye unhu unhu, mamiriro ichi ari kugara kukura, uye inobata kwedu vapenyu uye zvakatipoteredza. Cherechedza kuti sezvo kupinda imwe mhuri - muti, kuchata - iye anotanga kutaura zvishoma zvakasiyana, vachishandisa zvirevo kana "mashoko", nevamwe mhuri yomurume. Kunyange kunakidza zvakadaro, kana mitauro ani kuramba ichishanduka imwe mutauro ezvinhu. Saka, tiri vatama akasiyana anoverengeka features, zvinokanganisawo mutauro iro vanofanira kukurukura zuva nezuva.

In dzidziso uye tsika wemitauro mitauro ndiani mushanduri rine nzvimbo inokosha. Chokwadi chokuti muturikiri haisi chete mutakuri imwe tsika, asiwo murevereri - murevereri - the wokutepfenyurisa tsika vakataurirana zvakavapo. Basa rake harisi chete kutamira mashoko, asiwo, kazhinji, vavakezve chete simba mupfungwa kukanganisa muverengi, nokupfuuridzirwa chete siyana manzwiro uye shamwari, unova mutauro yepakutanga. Uye zvinoitika kuti zvachose "chinangwa" havagoni kutamira tsika, sezvo zvose - kubva akakwirira haana kunzwisisa kana kunzwisisa, uye anopera kusarudza Mitsara nemadimikira - kunokanganisa mitauro zvinocherechedzesa rokushandura. Kunyanya zvakajeka inogona kurondwa kudzokera muenzaniso shanduro chete nhetembo nevashanduri siyana. Kunyange mukati iyoyo nguva (somuenzaniso, shanduro Petrarch, uyo akaita vanyanduri ari Silver Age) werudzii, kuri maitiro uye, pakupedzisira, zvinonyatsorehwa kwechirwere chete detembo mushanduro dzakasiyana kusiyana zvikuru.