Modern Western Philosophy

Modern Uzivi Western ane nhamba features, musimboti rinogona chete kunzwisiswa nokuenzanisa nevamwe nomumwe zvokukura kwayo kukura. In venguva uzivi, sokuziva, chikuru muupenyu yagara kunzwisisa hunhu uye vanhu vavo musoro kutendeuka. Vazhinji dzenhoroondo vateveri muitiro akabvuma pfungwa kuwana ruzivo, avo maonero, zviri kukwanisa kusvika chokwadi, munhu.

Nevafungi vanobatirira dzekare kwounyanzvi, vaifunga kuti kunzwisisa mitemo uye Mirawu uye nzanga achabvumira vanhu kuti avatonge. Nokurohwa yokutanga pfungwa kuti akaumba hwaro dzidziso iyi, zvakonzera French Revolution muna 1879. Zviitiko muFrance, zvino, akaratidza zvakajeka kuti vanhu, iyo ichiri kunzi uzivi kunobva "mirawu chikonzero," chokwadi rakava musoro zvachose uye utsinye.

Kutyisidzirwa, hondo uye vasina mhosva akatungamirira nevafungi zhinji kuratidza zvakadzama pamusoro chaiyo zvinogona nesayenzi uye chikonzero kwevanhu. Zvakazoitika muna America uye Europe zvakamanikidza vazivi kubvunza basa dzidzo kuwirirana. Vazivi akangwara zvikuru pakati mukupera XIX c., Kana kuti sokuti, nenhungamiro dzekare uzivi pakupedzisira nesimba, pakarepo akatanga kutaura pamusoro irrationality nhoroondo uye relativity chokwadi. Modern Uzivi Western ine yakatangira kunyatsoreva nguva rethinking tsika, iyo kwakaitika yenhoroondo.

Zviratidzo pakakuvara mu dzekare uzivi wokutanga kunogona kuonekwa nedzidziso Nietzsche raMwari, Schopenhauer, uye nevateveri vavo. In zvavainyora zvakajeka kurondwa pfungwa yokuti nyika haisi imwe gudzanzwi, uye mberi mune zvesayenzi zvingabudirira kutungamirira kusingadzivisiki uye anotyisa nemigumisiro. Kuedza kusika pamusoro nzwisisika maonero ane mhando penga uye musoro tikafunga yokuva individualization. Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard uye Nietzsche anogona kuwanikwa motifs cho mudariro kwapera kukura Western uzivi, iro rakatanga kutonga nemakore anenge 20 XX remakore.

Kana ukaedza kuona chikuru mirayiridzo ano uzivi Western, zvinokosha kudana anthropologism, scientism, kudzokera pfungwa rakavanzika-vezvitendero kunyengetedzwa. Kune zvitaera itsva mafungiro uye maonero akasiyana zvachose pamusoro mufananidzo wenyika. Around pakati pezana XX remakore, maererano zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, chimurenga, matambudziko pose munzanga akatanga kugadzirwa pamusoro pamwero. Modern Uzivi Western, rinosundwa kutya ramangwana revanhu, rinotaura nyaya huru nhatu ane mhinduro iri kukurumidza:

• Zviri ipapo pakati vanhu uye hunhu, ndichiiparadza aiparadza kunetsana?
• Pakadaro, kana iripo, zvinganzi kuti kupesana uku ari kunotangira zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi?
• Uye pakupedzisira, zvine musoro kurega kuparadzwa vanhu uye hunhu nhasi, uye sei kuita izvozvo?

Modern Uzivi Western, imwe tsananguro mukuru chiri nani zvakawanda, anopa zvakasiyana siyana mhinduro nyaya idzi, asi zvakadaro vanofunga ano kuona nzira kubva kuitika kukura nevakawanda mutsika uye kuumbwa unhu itsva yevanhu. In izvi zvitsva unhu hwevanhu dzinosanganisira kuda kururamisira, mafungiro yose uye ukozoro chero mhando chisimba. Modern Uzivi Western ari kuedza kusimbisa pfungwa yake nenheyo Humanism, achiisa pamusoro murume pachake, uye kwete vamwe sily.Okazalos faceless kuti pfungwa dzevanhu zvachose vachifunga Mutongo paku mabasa chaizvoizvo inopfuura chikuru chinhu - upenyu hwevanhu uye Zvarinoreva .