"Mosquito" - antiship chombo

Zvichida, sezvo Navy anogara zvichiita kupa mukana wakakwana tinyatsonzwisisa nyika kuzvidzivirira kugona uye upfumi. Uye pano hakusi chete panguva zviri ngarava zvinodhura uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Modern rengarava - yepamusorosoro Mazinga, apo pakutanga "mhanya-mu" ichangobva tsamwisa uye kuzvidzivirira zvombo.

Kana panguva Second World War namararamiro rinorema battleships pamwe kudzivirirwa simba uye husina vatakuri kuti hwindimiri-kutinhwa ndege, asi zvino zvinhu zvachinja zvikuru. Navy dzinenge dzose "gungwa" kunyika vanobishairira kutora basa duku hwakanyatsorwisa uye nimble vaparadzi, kuwedzera, basa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye vatakuri ndege vanoonekwa kungotaurwa nemashoko ane inogumbura maatomu akafanana kutyisidzira nyika kuti havana inowanzotorwa kuzvidzivirira.

Mukuwedzera, magetsi wengarava hondo havasi zvakafanana: vavengi vasingawanzotauri kuona kunyange iri kuuya mumwe, uye kukunda vaipa simba chombo zvombo, mumwe volley ringaita zvakanaka kutumira rakakura chikepe muvengi kusvika pasi. nyika yedu ine guru chishandiso - kwegadziriro "Mosquito". chombo ichi, icho chakatangwa USSR, ndiyo chokwadi nzira achisimbisa murunyararo ugari.

Start okukura

Basa iri kugadzira zvombo rakatanga muna 1973. Mukusika vakapinda dzakawanda yokutsvakurudza ne kugadzira kubva zvose pamusoro USSR. "Mosquito" - mumwe chitundumuseremusere, pakutanga yakatanga yokutsiva mhando vakuru zvombo zvakafanana uye akaronga kuti iiswe pamusoro vaparadzi uye chombo magwa. Uyezve, akashongedzerwa pamwe yetsiva wigi.

Asati pokushandisa chitundumuseremusere aifanira kuenda kuburikidza anoyevedza dzinotevedzana ongororo nemiedzo vakanga atanga chete muna 1978. Zvino ari landfill, "Sandy Beam", apo miedzo rokutanga yemashoko ramangwana zvinhu uye zvinosimbiswa hunhu waro chikuru injini rwaiitwa. Hurumende kuongorora mberi kusvikira pakupera 1982.

Vakanga kuzivikanwa sezvo zvapedza chete pashure vachiridzira nemuparadzi "Desperado", riri muGungwa Barents. Nhovo vakapfurwa kubva chinhambwe 27 km, runodiwa zvakananga yakarova kurwisa maviri. Rocket uye vashandi kurarama basa iri zvakanaka.

Kazhinji, asi chitundumuseremusere kwakatangwa ka15 chete mumiedzo iyi, kubudirira kwave kubudirira mune nyaya sere, zvishomanana ubudirire - shanu. Complete akundikana kwakaguma kunotangira maviri chete. Asi haana pakarepo asina kushandisa zvipfuwo rengarava aiva "Mosquito"! The chombo ane yakazara makore mashanu, kubvira 1983 kusvika 1985, akanga pasi siyana magadzirirwo kuvandudzwa uye mazuvaano, kusvikira kwadzo rakazozivikanwa hakunganzi zvakakwana.

Saka, pakutanga siyana yakanga yawedzera kusvika katanhatu (!), Kuparidzira dimikira 125 makiromita, uye akatambanudza uzere ayo kugarisana ne ekranoplan "Lun", iro dzinovimbisa akavimbika kudzivirira anongoda yose pemhenderekedzo USSR akapa kushandisa chitundumuseremusere.

Release, nadzurudzo,

Akasika uye ndokusunungurwa "Progress" ayo yakaoma, iri Primorsky Territory. The chombo yave yaratidzazve vaviri ari mudzimba Zhukovsky (MAX), uye panguva dzose dzomunyika kuratidzira zvombo (mu Abu Dhabi Somuenzaniso).

Chete mangwanani 80-ies zviri zvakaoma yakanga pamutemo nevamwe vaparadzi vechigaro mukirasi "ano" Project 956, uye muna 1984 vakatanga kusimbisa yemhando chombo aine launcher CT-190. "Mosquito" akakurumidza makasimbiswa uye avhiyesheni. The chombo chakagamuchirwa kupinda basa iri nguva kubva 1992 kusvika 1994.

Chii?

The zvakaoma uye chitundumuseremusere zvakasikwa nekuda kuparadza Mapato siyana muvengi pamusoro zvikepe, transports nokuti kumhara, uyewo zvikepe mudungwe wemabhazi uye vasina kudzivirirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikepe ane mhepo pamutsago uye mvura mapapiro, iyo kusvikira panguva iyoyo akanga zvinenge invulnerable kuti chombo nokuti ayo yakakwirira rwendo velocity.

Zvinobudirira akaparadza zvikepe, inova misha anosvika 20,000 matani. Possible chipfuro havukavu - kusvika 100 nodes. The chombo anogona yarova muvengi kunyange patinosangana zvikuru moto uye radar kuti tidzivise chechipiri. Haisi chaimudzivisa, uye zvikuru ekunze uye okunze zvinhu. Anti-chikepe chombo pacharo "mosquito" inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira panguva ambient tembiricha -25 kusvika +50 Celsius.

kushanda mamiriro

Sea mamiriro achishandisa "Mosquito" anogona kusvika pfungwa nhanhatu chete (kana kubaya iri diki - kusvika mashanu) uye mhepo nokukurumidza (mirayiridzo hazvina basa) - kusvika mamita 20 pasekondi yoga yoga. vagadziri Soviet vakakwanisa pave chombo aigona yakarova kupfura kunyange pakuputika kwenyukireya.

The chete kunoratidzwa Anti-chikepe chombo "Mosquito" mhepo-kwakavakirwa? Basic Unhu regai kwakasiyana Naval kuzvipedza. kunzwisisa Izvi zvinogona vakagadzirira pamwe ndege Su-33 (Su-27K) uye vamwe kuti kubvumira chikepe anotsanangura.

The kunzwisisa

Vakawanda vanofunga kuti zvikuru kunzwisisa "Mosquito" rinoumbwa mumwe chete pazvinoita kuti kushanda chombo chinoita zvokukandwa, asi hazvisi. Zvinosanganisira mhando dzakawanda vavo: vomureza antiship supersonic kwemarudzi Low dzemakomo, kuti varove atambudzwe ari ezvinhu zvakasimba mhepo kudzivirira mugadziriro, uyewo kuva goko ne "vakachenjera" kutungamirirwa ZM-80. Management ndiye anokonzera kushanda 3C-80 hurongwa chokugadza kutungamirirwa CT-152M. Kana totaura kwokudzivirira pamhenderekedzo ine mira Achivakira yakaoma, kuzvidzora anotora chimwe iine CCW 3F80.

Technical zvinhu

Rocket ndohwaJehovha mukirasi chiedza, marongerwo chawo rakagadzirwa mu dzenhoroondo aerodynamic configuration. Form uta ogive, urongwa minhenga uye mapapiro - X-zvakaumbwa. Mapapiro uye muswe zvinoitwa wakagadzirwa kuti nyore chokufambisa uye chengetedzo mu pokutangira mugaba. Huru muviri mhepo intakes vari akanyatsosiyanisa, uye pamberi fairing iiswe radiotransparent mubiki.

Zvimwe zvinhu izvozvo zvaitoshamisa:

• Chombo kureba - kubva 9.4 kusvika 9.7 meters (zvichienderana nadzurudzo uye musha).
• Kunonyanyisa kumhanyisa - kusvika 2,8 Mach.
• Minimum siyana remoto - 10 makiromita.
• Vomurova uremu - kubva 4 kusvika 4.5 matani.
• Weight warhead - 300 kusvika 320 makirogiramu.
• Pasherufu upenyu kanda mugaba - kusvika makore 1.5.
• Pari modernized chombo anogona yarova nangananga kana kumhanyira kubva onshore kusvika chinhambwe 240 makiromita.

In anogadzira zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa titanium mishonga yakaisvonaka, kumusoro giredhi simbi alloys uye Washington City Offices.

The simba chirimwa vasanganiswa. Pane kutanga upfu injini bouncer chombo kubva kanda kanisita, uye Mutsigiri ndege propulsion 3D83. Upfu akisarareta iri zvakananga kamwene huru injini. It anopisa zvachose navatatu vokutanga kana mana masekonzi, pashure pacho akanga kusandudzirwa mhepo chekubuda pachiyero.

nhungamiro hurongwa

Nhungamiro gadziriro iri rakagadzirwa vanoronga yaisanganisa. Navigation - inertial mhando, uyewo tichishingaira-pusa radar nhungamiro musoro. "Highlight" ari kufamba utariri hurongwa, kuburikidza iyo kunovimbisa yakakwirira ndingangokuvara kurova kubaya kunyange kana zviri kushingaira moto countermeasures. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nhamba iyi zvichisiyana 0,94 kusvika 0,98.

Flight kunoitika munguva kumhanyisa pane kufambira mberi vaviri, chitundumuseremusere chinhu yakaoma chaizvo trajectory. Pakarepo shure pakutanga goko anoita chaiwo "chikomo", zvichiteverwa unopinza kuderera kufadza - kusvika imwe kukwirira 20 mamita. Kana chinangwa makiromita mapfumbamwe kure, pane kunyanya zvikuru rutapudzo, kusvikira mumwe kukwirira mamita manomwe, mushure iyo chitundumuseremusere rinongova pamusoro crests nemafungu, achifambisa nyoka. Panguva kutiza anogona kuita anofambisa zvikuru kunzwisisa, uye overloading kazhinji mukuru 10G.

chipfuro kuroorana

Nokuda kuti maitiro akadai chombo "mosquito" (uye "Malachite", ayo aizotangira) kune ngozi njodzi kwerinenge chikepe muvengi upi zvinogona. Akabatana nevamwe Anti-kumahombekombe kudzivirira zvinoreva kuti kuderedza kuti Zero mukana kuti "ropa" muvengi kurwisa landings.

Kukunda chikepe muvengi kunosimbiswa nokusanyanya ari kinetic simba uye kuputika simba mukati Hull. Imwe chombo nyore kurega pasi ngarawa, uye 15-17 zvidimbu kunogona kuunza pasi rose wechikepe muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano. Kunyanya kunaka rwendo chombo "Mosquito" kuti kunzvenga zvisingaiti. kuonekwa wayo mumasekonzi 3-4 chete pamberi moto kuonana kubaya, asi nokuti yekare zvakagadzirwa Soviet richiri anoremekedzwa uye kutya vose vanofambisa zvikepe mugungwa munyika.

Accommodation uye ano ezvinhu

SCRC "Mosquito" massively akatasva Project 956 vaparadzi (mbiri Quad yakatarwa), Anti-yepasi pemvura zvikepe chirongwa 11556 "Admiral Lobov", uyewo vanenge vose chombo chikepe chirongwa 1241,9. Rakanga akatasva mutyairi wendege chirongwa duku chombo chikepe Project 1239 (hovercraft), racho muna 1240 kumatare, uyewo wigi "Lun" ambotaurwa, uyo chitundumuseremusere aifanira zvakakomba modernize.

Kunyanya zvinokosha kuti chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "Mosquito", zvainyanya iyo kare wataurwa pamusoro apa, dzinogona kushandiswa zvikamu romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kudzivirira uyewo mumhenderekedzo yegungwa ndege, zviri akatasva pamusoro Su-27K (Su-33) ndege. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe achatorwa muchikepe projectile, iyo yakaturikwa pamusoro kunze fuselage pakati pods.

Kunatsiridzwa siyana

Muna 1981 nayo chirevo maererano izvo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti yekudyidzana kuvandudza chikuru injini kuwedzera kuwanda kushanda zvitundumuseremusere. Saka paiva chitundumuseremusere "Mosquito-M", gumi iyo rwaiitwa risati kutanga-up nguva kubva 1987 kusvika 1989. mainjiniya Soviet vakakwanisa kuwedzera kuti ipinde 153 makiromita pakarepo, uye dzakachinjwa shanduro yakanga 3M-80E izita.

Iye zvino, chitundumuseremusere "Mosquito", ane pikicha iri mupepa, anogona kuiswa pa zvinenge mhando dzose vaparadzi Russian uye dzimwe warships, kusanganisira chombo magwa, uyewo aivigirwa. Akabvumira naye pagomo (optional) pamusoro yakakodzera dzimwe warships.

kukosha

Kuti chitundumuseremusere "Mosquito", uyo waivako unhu munyaya ino vanobvumirwa pave chirongwa chete chikepe. zvachiri vaiva zvokuti akapa diki chombo magwa anenge zvinobudirira nemuparadzi. izvi zvose zvaiita kuti kuderedza mutengo kubudikidza makumi nguva nokuumba wengarava boka dzakazara, pasina zvimwe zvayo kurwa unhu. Tichifunga hombe kukura Muganhu Soviet Union yakanga zvikuru.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ranwa zvombo zvakadaro anova nyore zvikuru kukosha mune ezvinhu ano, kana mu Russia iri kutanga kuti anosikwa chakaipa Oceanic muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano zvikepe. Pari, hapana inokosha zviri kupinda zvikepe guru iri Navy, saka tariro hwenguva vaparadzi ne "Mosquito" mungarava rakaoma kuona. Naizvozvo kukura Soviet huchiri kwazvo refu nguva inouya pasi.