Mumakungwa

Natural mvura yedzinza guru chikamu pemvura Nyika, uye mumakungwa uye makungwa mumvura kugara anenge 97% (kana 70% of pepasi Nyika). The nharaunda asara ndorwevaya mvura yenzizi, nyanza, reservoirs, anezvimiti, mazitombo echando.

Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic uye Indian - mumakungwa, akadana nemasayendisiti kusvikira 2000. Kubvira 2000, muna Southern chikamu kweArctic oga sezvo rechishanu munyanza.

Gobvu gungwa munyika uye yakakura kupfuura - Pacific. It Ane nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura yose nyika kunharaunda yepasi, asi ayo pakadzika ndiyo gobvu nzvimbo Panyika - the Mariana mugoronga. Ocean mafungu kusuka yokumadokero North uye South America, Australia, rokumabvazuva eAsia. In iri Northern Hemisphere izvozvo rinobatanidza pamwe kweArctic Ocean kuburikidza ari Bering Strait, uye kumaodzanyemba - kunosvika kumhenderekedzo Antarctica. Vazhinji pamhenderekedzo tiri nemumakomo uye munzvimbo dzine makomo, uye mukati mvura yaro vari vakawanda zvitsuwa.

Sezvingatarisirwa, zvose makungwa zvenyika vane yakasiyana chaizvo hunhu. Saka, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Pacific Ocean ndiyo inozivikanwa kakawanda tsunami kuti kusvika pamhenderekedzo vamwe mamita makumi mashanu kureba, uyewo chokwadi kuti chinoita zvinopfuura hafu zvachose biomass pakati hwemvura pakadzika.

Chechipiri pakukura ndiye Atlantic Ocean. Its pasi ari panzvimbo yakaoma, multiple nembiya. Kusiyana Pacific, Atlantic hakusi mvura yaro zvitsuwa zvizhinji zvakadaro. Kuchamhembe kwayo asangana kweArctic Ocean. Atlantic inozivikanwa nokuva nharaunda nzizi inoyerera mariri, zvikuru kupfuura nzvimbo nzizi dzinoyerera neimwe munyanza. Uyezve, zviri mukati kwazvo pamhenderekedzo uye okumavirira vakawanda anozivikanwa mafungu remakungwa.

Nyanza enyika, sezvo akataura pamusoro, vanosanganisira uyewo coldest: Arctic. It riri kuchamhembe kweArctic Circle. Zvinenge zvose munharaunda rinofukidzwa neaizi zvinenge zvose gore kumativi. Ocean mvura sokuronga anokosha kwazvo, nekuti kubvumira kuenda pfupi nzira kubva America kuRussia. Kunyanya kupiwa chokwadi kwaikosha munguva yehondo. Pedyo nemhenderekedzo kweArctic mumakungwa dzakawanda, pamwe chete Atlantic uye Pacific mumakungwa. Nokuda tembiricha nguva dzose pasi, kasvisto uye Fauna of mvura yaro chinomiririrwa shoma mhuka.

Indian Ocean Mvura ndezvaJehovha pakukura nzvimbo yechitatu. Zviri yakabatana Africa uye Australia, Asia uye Antarctica. mvura yaro kugeza Chitsuwa Madagascar uye Sri Lanka, uye vanodiwa zhinji vashanyi Maldives, Seychelles, Bali. mafungu aro, rwakawanda nenzira yakanaka mutopota, kudiwa surfers zhinji uye ayo subsoil mupfumi chaizvo deposits zviri negasi, mafuta.

Sezvambotaurwa, mumakungwa zvenyika makatanga zvinosanganisira reSouthern Ocean. Zvikasadaro, anonzi Antarctic. mvura yaro, Wakasuka nemahombekombe Antarctica, rinosanganisira kumaodzanyemba mvura Pacific, Atlantic uye Indian mumakungwa. In tsika, nezita rwendo mvura rinenge haana kuramba, nokuti haana kuiswawo pakati chero emirayiridzo iri akakodzera nyaya. Zvichakadaro, munzvimbo ino mvura nzvimbo pokutanga wechina pakati mumakungwa zvose.