Munyori French Alber Kamyu: A Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Man - a ari kugadzikana. Iye ane pfungwa kutya, tariro uye kuora mwoyo. Kanenge, pfungwa iyi inoratidzwa vatsigiri existentialism. Pedyo dzidziso kwouzivi aiva Alber Kamyu. Biography uye basa iri munyori French - dingindira ino.

udiki

Camus akaberekwa muna 1913. baba vake aiva chizvarwa nharaunda yeAlsace, uye mai vake - a Spaniard. Very chacho chinokonzera ndangariro muuduku raiva Alber Kamyu. The Biography romunyori iri zvakabatana chaizvo hwake. Zvisinei, nokuti nyanduri ose kana prose munyori tuso vari nezvavakambosangana nazvo. Asi kuti tinzwisise chikonzero mwoyo manzwiro kutonga mumabhuku yemunyori, chichakurukurwa munyaya ino, unofanira kuziva zvishoma pamusoro huru zviitiko uduku hwake uye kuyaruka.

baba Camus akanga asiri mupfumi. Akanga vaiita rinorema chaiko basa panguva kambani waini. Mhuri yake yakanga yava kuda kuparadzwa. Asi apo Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga pedyo Marne rwizi paiva kurwa zvinokosha, upenyu hwake mudzimai nevana Camus Sr. vakava zvachose kujeka. Chokwadi kuti ichi ndicho chiitiko wenhoroondo, kunyange korona pokukundwa muvengi mauto German, chaiva njodzi yemberi munyori inosuruvarisa. Munguva Battle of Marne baba vakafa Camus.

Kusiyiwa pasina pakuriritira mhuri, mhuri yakanga yava kuda urombo. Nguva iyi kunooneka mangwanani mabasa ake Alber Kamyu. Book "Marriage" uye "Side Wrong uye chiso" akatsaurira kuti uduku hwakapedzerwa urombo. Uyezve, mumakore aya vaduku Camus akanga achitambura tibhii. Zvisingatsungiririki ezvinhu uye kurwara havasi recaptured yemberi emunyori mukutsvaka ruzivo. Ndapedza chikoro, iye muuto University iri rorusununguko Philosophy.

youth

Paaiita zvidzidzo zvake ari University of Algiers yaiva nezvainoita Pfungwa chinzvimbo Camus. Panguva iyi akaita shamwari akakurumbira panguva munyori wenyaya Zhanom Grene. Zvinonzi kuunganidzwa ngano pfupi yokutanga akasikwa nomudzidzi uyo akagamuchira zita "Islands". Kwekanguva akanga ari nhengo Communist Party Alber Kamyu. Biography yake, zvisinei, akabatanidza mamwe mazita akafanana Shestov, Kierkegaard uye Heidegger. Vanopinda nevafungi vane uzivi yakakurumbira pakutsvaga chikuru dingindira okugadzira zvinhu Camus.

An zvikuru kushingaira munhu aiva Alber Kamyu. Biography ake rakazara. Somudzidzi, akanga zvinobatanidzwa zvemitambo. Zvadaro, pashure chikoro, akashanda ari wenhau uye akafamba chaizvo. Uzivi Albera Kamyu yakaumbwa kwete chete pasi pokudzora wepanguva nevafungi. Kwechinguva aifarira mabasa Fedora Dostoevskogo. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, kunyange muchinangwa mudzidzi yemitambo, apo aifanira kuridza basa Ivan Karamazov. Panguva kubatwa kweParis, pakutanga World War First, Camus aiva guru French. Haana kuendeswa mberi nemhaka yokurwara zvakanyanya. Asi kunyange iyi yakaoma zvakarurama rinoita munzanga uye zvakasikwa mabasa akatungamirira Alber Kamyu.

"Dambudziko"

Muna 1941, munyori akapa zvidzidzo private, akatora Zvinoshingaira mabasa rimwe Parisian masangano pachivande. Pakutanga hondo basa rake inozivikanwa kwazvo Alber Kamyu akanyora. "Hosha" - mumwe yokufungidzira, yakabudiswa muna 1947. Mairi munyori kunooneka zviitiko kuParis, inogarwa mauto eGermany, vari kunzwisisa zvokufananidzira chimiro. Nokuti nganonyorwa Albera Kamyu akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize. The mashoko - "Nokuti nezvebasa rinokosha mabhuku mabasa akakuitira vanhu nguva matambudziko yedu njere zvokutamba."

The zviri yokufungidzira

Denda kunotanga nokukurumidza. Residents kusiya misha yavo. Asi kwete vose. Ndivo vagari vanodavira kuti denda - hakuna mumwe kunze motokari kubva kumusoro. Uye usamhanya. Zvinonzi zvakazadza nokuzvininipisa. Mumwe magamba - mufundisi - ndiyo kuchitsigira mutsigiri nechinzvimbo ichi. Asi rufu ane mukomana mhosva inoita afungezve ayo pfungwa.

Vanhu vari kuedza kupukunyuka. Denda pakarepo tinokanganwa. Asi kunyange pashure pamazuva zvakaipisisa vari shure kwake, gamba haasiyi pfungwa kuti denda angadzokera. The denda iri yokufungidzira inomirira fascism, vakatora muhondo, mamiriyoni evanhu vari Western uye Eastern Europe.

Kuti tinzwisise chii nderei pfungwa kwouzivi kuti munyori anofanira kuverenga rimwe enganonyorwa ake. Kuti tinzwe mafungiro nezvaiva mumakore hondo pakati vanhu vanofunga mangwanani, ndiko kuzivana naye yokufungidzira "Dambudziko", iro muna 1941 akanyora Alber Kamyu. Mashoko kubva basa iri - mashoko hunoshamisa muzivi XX remakore. Mumwe wavo - "In pakati njodzi iwe vajaire chokwadi - kureva kuti kunyarara."

nyika maonero

At mumwoyo French munyori okugadzira zvinhu kuongorora nomusoro okuvapo kwevanhu. Nzira bedzi tikurire nayo, maererano Camus, chiri pamutemo. The mukuru pachake upenzi - ndiko kuedza kuvandudza vanhu kuburikidza mhirizhonga - kureva Nazism uye Stalinism. In mabasa Camus kupa tariro kudavira kuti zvakaipa havagoni kukurirwa zvachose. Chisimba chinobereka zvakawanda mhirizhonga. A nezvokumukira iye uye vakaita hapana chakanaka kungaguma. Ndizvo nzvimbo munyori zvinogona akanzwa apo kuverenga yokufungidzira "Dambudziko."

"The Munyemba"

Pakutanga muhondo yakawanda essays uye pfupi nyaya yakanyorwa Alber Kamyu. Muchidimbu zvinofanira akati pamusoro nyaya "The Munyemba". basa iri rakanyatsojeka kuoma kunzwisisa. Asi zvinoratidza yemunyori pfungwa maererano nomusoro okuvapo kwevanhu.

Nyaya "The Munyemba" rudzi Manifesto, iyo akadanidzira ari mangwanani mabasa ake Alber Kamyu. Mashoko kubva basa iri zvakaoma chinhu chinogona kutaurwa. Bhuku chinoita basa rinokosha kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro gamba, riri monstrously asingasaruri zvose zviri kuitika kumativi. "Anotongerwa tsika vanosungirwa chikamu kuurayiwa" - pamwe mutsara uyu ndiyo kiyi.

gamba nyaya - munhu mupfungwa vasingakoshi. Its chikuru chinokosha ndiko hanya. Iye haana basa zvose: kuti raamai rufu, kusvikira zvomunyama nevamwe yake yetsika akundikane. Uye asati afa akasiya pathological nokusava nyika yakavapoteredza. Uye panguva iyoyo anoziva kuti haangagoni kutiza hanya wenyika. Akatongerwa rufu yokuponda. Uye zvose zvaanoda zviri okupedzisira nguva upenyu - haimuoni nokusava mumaziso vanhu vachaona rufu rwake.

"The Fall"

nyaya iyi rakabudiswa makore matatu asati afa. Works kubudikidza Albera Kamyu, sei yokusima, kureva Genre kwouzivi. "The Fall" - hapana anosara. In nyaya, munyori anosika mufananidzo munhu ane unyanzvi chiratidzo ano vanhu European. Character zita riri Jean-Baptiste, izvo rinoshandurwa kubva French - Ioann Krestitel. Zvisinei, Camus hunhu isinei neBhaibheri.

Mu "The Fall," munyori rinoshandisa nzira chakanangana Impressionists. Nhoroondo iri muchimiro norwizi chavanoziva. The gamba rinotaura pamusoro hwake shamwari. Zvisinei, iye anotiudza pamusoro pazvivi zvakaitwa, pasina zvikasawanirwa okuzvidemba. Jean-Baptiste rinosanganisa udyire uye chishoma mudzimba runyararo rwepfungwa vokuEurope, vomunguva emunyori. Maererano Camus, havana kufarira chinhu kunze kuwana yake mufaro. Narrator nguva nenguva mu nhoroondo dzeupenyu hwavo, maonero avo pamusoro ichi kana kuti mubvunzo kwouzivi. Sezvo dzimwe mabasa ounyanzvi Albera Kamyu, pakati pebindu nyaya "The Fall" - murume kujairika pfungwa yokuchengetera zvinhu, izvo rinobvumira munyori kuzarura patsva zviri perennial matambudziko oupenyu.

pashure pehondo,

Mukupera forties, Camus akava freelance munyori. Social mabasa chero sangano enyika yaakamboti akamira. Panguva ino akanga makagadzira mabasa akawanda kunoshamisa. Inonyanya nomukurumbira vavo - "Vakarurama", "mamiriro okukomba".

Subject inopandukira unhu mune mabhuku XX remakore chaiva kukurumidzirwa. Kusawirirana murume wake kusada kurarama maererano nemitemo nzanga - dambudziko iyo manyawi vanyori mazhinji sixties uye manonwe wekupedzisira remakore. Mumwe havaoni zviri mabhuku sangano rakanga Alber Kamyu. mabhuku ake, zvakanyorwa mune mangwanani vamakumi mashanu, vari zvakazadza nepfungwa kusawirirana uye pfungwa mwoyo. "Vakamukira womunhu" - basa rakazvipira adzidze dzevanhu munyori kutsutsumwa pamusoro kusava nomusoro ariko.

Kana mudzidzi Camus nokushingaira vanofarira mugovanisi pfungwa, zvino sezvo mukuru, iye akava anokumhan'arira pamusoro yakakura kuruboshwe. Munyaya ake iye anoramba akamutsa nyaya mhirizhonga uye authoritarianism simba yeSoviet.

rufu

Muna 1960, munyori zvinosuruvarisa akafa. Upenyu hwake kutapudza munzira kubva Provence kuParis. Somugumisiro tsaona yemotokari Camus akaurayiwa pakarepo. The 2011 shanduro kwakatangwa, maererano izvo munyori wacho rufu haisi tsaona. The tsaona yakanga zvichipomerwa VaDabengwa kubudikidza vashandi of Soviet kuchengeteka mabasa. Zvisinei, shanduro iyi yakazonzi neizvi ne Michel Onfray - munyori Biography kumunyori.