Mutauro wakada shoko - chii? Mashoko api vanonzi remutauro?

Munhu wese, Russian-kutaura, nyore nyore anowana mashoko akadai, somuenzaniso, "yaiti", "zvokudya", "dutu", uye haagoni nyore kutsanangura navo, asi kushandisa navo yakarurama pamanyorerwo iri kutaurwa. Zviri Mashoko aya anonzi hwepachena, kana paruzhinji duramazwi. Asi kutsanangura chii "bayat", "brashno", "vyalitsa", haagoni vose vanoziva mashoko aya chete vashoma denderedzwa vanhu. Zvisinei, izvozvo Kutaura isiri chaiko pakukurukurirana uye vanhu vakawanda havana zvinodya.

Mutauro wakada shoko tsananguro

Hazvina kuzivikanwa, zvaishandiswa mabhuku uye kutaura nevanhu, zvisinei nzvimbo yavo yokugara uye wokupupura mashoko ndiwo hwaro mutauro wokuRussia, vose vasara mashoko havasi pachena - vari kushandiswa bedzi vamwe yeChina vemo. Izvi zvinosanganisira jargon chaiwo uye mutauro mashoko. In Russian, dzinonzi mashoko akashandiswa yakaganhurirwa kushandiswa. Mashoko akadaro vanokamurwa muzvikwata, imwe neimwe ine yayo noruzhinji.

lexical boka

Vamwe vakawanda, vatakuri dzisiri pachena duramazwi, ine vakawanda mapoka, vakapararira pamusoro penzvimbo yacho uye kunyange kunze. Mumwe nomumwe wavo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva rine mashoko anokosha ayo, uye mumwe nomumwe yakakamurwa imwe inoti: basa, nzvimbo dzokugara uye kirasi munzanga. Saka mashoko chii vanonzi remutauro? Zviri avo zvinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, muna muPskov nharaunda pane zvakadai chinhu sezvo severik musi Baikal iyoyi inonzi Barguzin, uye Danube - Belozerye. Mabhuku kureva shoko - mhepo.

Mutauro wakada Shoko riri chikamu boka iri nzvimbo, uye mashoko chokuita chete kune vanhu makirasi, vanoumba nyanzvi boka. Asi jargon kwazvinoita vamwe zvikamu vanhu.

Apo akasangana remutauro Mutauro

In neimwe nzvimbo ine mashoko ayo dzakananga, kushandiswa chete munzvimbo ino. Somuenzaniso, mune rwezasi nyika inogona kusangana kwakadaro zvinonakidza mashoko: Square, zvinoreva pamakwenzi; Koszul unoenderana shoko pasi. Mumaguta kuchamhembe, unogona kuwana mienzaniso inonakidza pamusoro remutauro kutaura: Teplin, zvinoreva moto; dhaka - zambuko nemhara - pagejo.

Kupatsanura remutauro mashoko

Muna chaiko uye bhuku kutaura kunogona kuwanikwa vanonzi remutauro - mashoko vanotova remutauro asi vane yavo shoko inotungamirwa, girama uye phonetic zvinhu uye nhengo imwe mutauro. Remutauro rakakamurwa 4 mapoka:

• Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro remutauro - iri boka remashoko kuti mune imwe remutauro kuparadzwa dzisiri kwakajairika pfungwa. Somuenzaniso: gore - dutu, kurongeka - huni, vanozvikudza - pakarepo.
• Remutauro rinonzi ethnographic chinhu kana chiitiko, yaingowanikwa imwe hwevanhu uye zvisingazivikanwi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kazhinji, mutauro wakada shoko yakadaro haina anoreva zvakafanana pakudini pakutaura, uye kutsunga zvinokwanisika kupa chete descriptively. Somuenzaniso: Plahtiy - siketi jira chidimbu duleyka - quilted bhachi, tonets - Pancake zvitete zvisina mukanyiwa.
• Phraseological dialectisms - iri invariable anofambidzana ane yakananga ukoshi ari rwebasa. Somuenzaniso: wakangosuruvara - kufinhikana kuwa rwakakokonyara - vose vagere munyu, chinhu rinorema uye zvakaoma - pasina rufu rufu.

Apo akashandisa mutauro mashoko?

Mienzaniso kushandisa mashoko akadaro anogona kuonekwa kwete chete kukurukura asiwo mumabhuku mabasa. Kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, kunomutsa mubvunzo wokuti sei, uye Chikurukuru, pakuti mutauro yakadaro inogona kushandiswa unyanzvi zvinangwa. Akunoita dingindira uye zvinangwa wakasiyiwa munyori, zviri akatsunga kuti mutauro wakada shoko romutsa rinogona kushandiswa pane chimwe chiitiko. Pane chinogona kunzi zvakasiyana-siyana - ichi aesthetic zvinangwa, uye unyanzvi, uye, chokwadi inorondedzerwa chinhu. Zvechokwadi, dzimwe nguva achishandisa chete kwakajairika rwokutaura, hazvibviri kuratidza zvose mavara uye unhu. Somuenzaniso, L. N. NdiTolstoy kazhinji rakakwana kutsanangura vanhuwo zvavo muzvinyorwa ake anoshandisa mutauro mashoko. Mienzaniso yavo kushandiswa anogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku uye I. S. Turgeneva akashandisa navo inclusions uye anowanika papi izvo zviri pachena zvakakwana kusiyaniswa mu dzeShanduro. Uyezve, usanganidzo kwakadaro marongerwo kutaura kuti zvakazara zvinoratidza zvadzinoreva, asi pasina mabhuku akapoteredza haana kuva umbirimi kwakadaro.

bazi remutauro mazuva ano

Zvino mabasa vanyori nemisha uyewo kushandisa mutauro mashoko, asi kazhinji haaratidzi kukosha kwavo, kunyange kana mashoko rakamanikana kushanda. Uyewo, mashoko akafanana anogona kuwanikwa mupepanhau yokunyora nokudhirowa, izvo kunoratidzwa kubva gamba vamwe nomutsa wake dzichitaura maitiro zviri hwake, inorondedzera Nzvimbo nayo waanogara. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti mapepanhau vanofanira kutakura uremu ari chete mabhuku matauriro, kushandiswa mutauro anofanira kuva mhosva. Somuenzaniso: "Ini vachiziva kusiya zvishoma Basil oboch avo varipo." Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti mumwe nomumwe ava unorthodox mashoko anofanira akatsanangurira muverengi, nekuti hakuna munhu kuverenga bhuku, regai kuchengeta duramazwi kuti mutauro mashoko.

Remutauro sechikamu mashoko mutauro wokuRussia

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro maduramazwi, kwe bazi remutauro wokutanga inogona kuwanikwa "rinotsanangura Dictionary wokuRussia Language" V. I. Dalya. Bhuku rino rinogona kuwanikwa mapepa 150 vakazvipira ichi chaizvo nyaya. Nhasi kudzidza bazi remutauro randichavafunga kwazvo, nokuti ivo, pamwe archaisms, neologisms, chikwereti mashoko uye mitsara, vanoumba chinokosha chikamu mashoko mutauro Russian simba. Uye kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vavo vasiri kushandiswa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva uye kunyora, uye anoshumira chete pusa chikamu, pasina ivo hwaizodai kuvaka rakajeka mashoko kana tsananguro chero chinhu kana tsika wakajeka. Ndokusaka vanyori makuru saka vachiwanzoshandisa remutauro kupa nokupenya acho. Kudzokera kune mashoko, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nokuda kudzidza bazi remutauro mashoko pane sayenzi yose inonzi dialectology.

Chirango ichi mitauro inodzidza phonetic, zvivakamutauro, syntactic zviri mutauro Unit, iro ndee munharaunda yakakura. Uyewo, vainyatsotarisirwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kudzidza tumitauro mune mabhuku. Zvemutauro akagoverana kunzwisisa mashoko aya:

• yakafara kusvika kuti maitiro zvakajairika kukurukura dialecticisms nechekuita mukugarisana mumabhuku kutaura;
• yakamanikana kusvika, apo vose yakatarwa zvirevo uye mashoko akashandiswa unyanzvi uye journalistic mabhuku.

Achiratidza

Nokunyatsodzidza lexical maumbirwo mutauro wokuRussia, munoziva, sei zvakanaka mashoko okuti "zvikuru uye ane simba." Pashure remutauro mashoko kupatsanura avo uye maumbirwo inongova chiduku chikamu guru marongedzero izvo zvakasikwa vayo nesayenzi. Nerubatsiro dzakawanda mashoko aya haasi kuramba, zviri vakaramba uye yoku-. Uye ichi rinoshanda chete remutauro kwete, nekuti uwandu nevakawanda mashoko obscheupotreblyaemyh uyewo nguva dzose kuwedzera, izvo chete inosimbisa simba mutauro wokuRussia.