Ndezvipi zvigaro zve polar zvinodya? Ko bere rePolar ye penguin rinodya here?

Polar (kana kuti chena) inobereka - mhuka inopisa, iyo yemhuri inotakura. Ursus maritimus ndiro zita rechiLatini. Ndeipi iyo bear yepolya inodya? Inowedzera sei nekubatana nemamwe mhuka? Vagari varo chii? Mhuka yacho inogara kupi? Nezve izvi gare gare munyaya yacho.

Kubva

Pakutanga, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kupatsana kwebhuruni nehombe yepora kwakaitika makore anenge 45 kusvika ku505 akapfuura, zvichida munharaunda inowanikwa neEuropean yemazuva ano. Asi munguva yezvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitika zvakaratidzwa kuti kupatsanurwa kwakaitika makore 338-934 zviuru akapfuura. Anenge zana kana mazana maviri emakore akapfuura kwaiva nekuyambuka kwevatumi vemarudzi, izvo zvakaguma nekusanganiswa. Somugumisiro, vose vane polar vanogara pasi pano nhasi ndevezvizvarwa zvezviyo zvinogadzirwa.

External Data

Bheya yepora inofungidzirwa kuti ndeye yevamiririri vese vemhuka dzenyika kubva mukurongwa kwezvikara. Kukura kwevanhu pachavo kunogona kusvika kusvika mamita matatu, kuyerwa - kusvika pamatani. Nyaya inowanzozivikanwa ndeye varume, avo vane uremu hunosvika mazana mana kusvika ku450 kg, uye muviri yavo yakareba kusvika masendimita 250. Pakuoma, kureba kunobva 130 kusvika 150 centimita. Mukadzi wechiremera anorema zvikuru - kubva pa200 kusvika ku300 kg. Vamiririri vashoma vanogara paSpitsbergen, uye zvikuru zvinogara mumvura yeGungwa reBering. Kubva kune dzimwe mhete mavara machena anosiyana musoro wakagadzikana uye mutsipa wakareba. Ruvara rweganda rutsvuku. Fur inogona kuva nemuvara kubva ku-yellowish kusvika kuchena (muzhizha "furzu" inogona kushanduka masikati nekuda kwekutsvaga kwezuva rose). Mvere dzemakwai dziri dzisina kuveza, uye bvudzi racho pacharo risina chenguruvara. Mvere dzemazuva ano dzinokwanisa kupfuura mazhenje emidzimu, nemhaka yekuti chivharo chinowana kupisa kwemafuta. Pakuisa tsvakurudzo yeUV, bheya yepora inogona kuve yerima, uye dzimwe nguva inogona kuchinja. Izvi zvinoitika, sekutonga, kana pane bheu rebheya muzhio, mumamiriro okunze anopisa. Nemhaka yehutano chaihwo hwehudzi, michero yakawanda inosimwa mavari-saka maruva matsvuku eganda. Kuti usasvibise uye usapindira pamusoro pechando, mhepo yemicheto yose yakasunganidzwa nemvere dzemakwai. Pakati peimwe minwe isimbi yakashambira, pamberi kwepasi paine bristle rakaoma. Zvichienderera mberi munyaya yacho, zvakawanda pamusoro pezvokudya zvema polar zvinodya.

Upenyu

Polar inorarama pane yakasviba uye inokonzera mazaya echando. Ikoko vanovhima uye vanowana zvokudya zvavo zvepanyama. Ndezvipi zvigaro zve polar zvinodya? Chikafu chavo chikuru ndechere (gungwa), ringed seal, walrus nemamwe mhuka dzegungwa. Mhuka dzake dzinobata, dzinofamba zvichibva kumashure kwehugaro, kana pedyo nemakomba. Zvakakosha kuti munhu wacho abvise musoro kubva mumvura, semhuka inorova mhuka yacho nechombo chacho uye ichikwevera kumahombekombe. Bhere rinokonzerwa nehombe rinogonawo kuputsa denga rinoputika pazvisimbiso. Kuvhima kwevrusrus ndeyepasi chete. Sezvo mutemo, anodya mafuta uye ganda. Mune nzara yakasimba, anodya zvitunha zvose zvemarrus. Asi kazhinji zvakasara zvechikara chakabatwa chinodyiwa nemapanga emagungwa. Asi izvi hazvizi zvose zvinonzi polar zvinodya. Pane dzimwe nguva, vanogona kutora mhuka, maputi, akafa, mazai. Uyezve, kudya kwavo kunosanganisira gungwa uye uswa. Kana zviyo zvinonzi polar zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinogadzirwa nevanhu, zvinogona kuonekwa mumarara ekudonha, kwete kure nemasvingo eimba uye kudyiwa kwezvokudya. Kunyange zviitiko zvekubira zvikafu zvekudya zvekufambisa kwevanhu vanoongorora mapurisa vanozivikanwa. Zvose zvinodyisa zviyo zvepurasitiki, zvinoita kuti kuwedzerwa muropa ravo revhithamini A. Ichi chikamu chiri mumitumbi yavo mune mari yakawanda. Pane humwe ruzivo pamusoro pezviitiko zvakasiyana zvechiropa chepfu. Ko bere rePolar ye penguin rinodya here? Mubvunzo wakadaro unogona kubuda kune avo vatsva kunzvimbo yemhuka idzi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti penguin inogara muZouth, uye mabheya epurasitiki - North Pole. Mamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, havagoni kusangana. Pamusoro pazvo yakaudzwa izvo zvinyorwa izvi zvinodya. Uye vamiririri veSouth Pole havasi chikamu chekudya kwavo.

Kufamba

Maererano nekushandurwa kwegore negore mumapuranga emvura, mapear polar anoita shanduko dzenguva. Muzhizha, vanodzokera pedyo nehuni, munguva yechando - vanoenda kunzvimbo dziri kumaodzanyemba, vachienda kumaodzanyemba. Pasinei nokuti inonzi polar inowanzogara pazaya uye pagungwa, inogona kurara mugomba kumahombekombe kana kumhenderekedzo, mune dzimwe nguva, makiromita makumi mashanu kubva kugungwa. Zuva rehusiku, nguva yakasiyana-siyana kubva pamakore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi masere, inofanirwa, semutemo, kune vakadzi vane pamuviri. Vakadzi vasina kuroorwa nevarume havarevi gore negore uye kwenguva pfupi.

Maitiro

Pasinei nekuratidzika kunonoka pakutanga pakuona, mabhesi anokurumidzira uye anotengesa kunyange pasi. Mvura, vanodhaira uye vanoshambira nyore nyore. Kubva kumvura uye kunotonhora mumvura, muviri webhebhe unodzivirirwa nehutete uye yakareba jasi. Basa rinokosha rinogadziriswa rinoitwa ne subcutaneous fat layer kusvika kusvika masentimita gumi. Kufukidzwa kwechikara chinotyisa kunonyatsotungamirirwa nekunaka kwaro. Polar bears vane kunzwa kwakanaka kwazvo, kuona uye kunhuwa. Vanogona kuona kuwedzera kwavo mumakiromita mashomanana, asi, somuenzaniso, vanogona kunzwa chisimbiso chemamita 800.

Kubereka

Iyo gon inotanga nemapuranga epurasitiki kubva munaKuguru uye inopera munaJune. MuEstrus, mukomana kazhinji anotevera matatu kana mana varume. Muna Gumiguru, vanhukadzi vanotanga kuchera mairi emidziyo. Ikoko kune vadiwa vanodikamwa munzvimbo dzavanounganidza (Baba Wrangel, somuenzaniso). Gore negore munzvimbo dzakadaro pane anenge 150-200 mabhu. Mumapako, she-shears anogara chete pakati peNovember, mushure mekupedzisira kwekutakura vaduku. Mimba yose inotora mazuva 230-250. Pakuguma kana pakati peActictic winter bear vana vanozvarwa. Izvo chete mukadzi anoramba ari hibernation kusvika munaApril. Inofanira kurehwa kuti bheya ine simba rekuberekesa. Mwana wekutanga anoonekwa mumakore 4-8. Kuberekwa kunoitika makore maviri kusvika matatu, mune rimwe matara kubva kune rimwe kusvika kune matatu. Somugumisiro, kweupenyu hwose hukadzi haunounza diki gumi kana gumi nemashanu. Vacheche vanoberekwa vanoyera kubva ku 450 kusvika 750 g gramu. Mushure memwedzi mitatu navo, musikana anobva mubako uye anotanga hupenyu hunotenderera. Kusvikira gore nehafu vana vana vanogara naamai vavo. Munguva iyi yose anopa vana cub nemukaka.

Social structure

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kufa pakati pevaduku kunosvika 10-30%. Upenyu huripo hwemabhesi hahupfuura makore makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemashanu, nhoroondo yehupenyu hwakareba mukutapwa kwemakore makumi mana nemashanu. Sezvo mutemo, zvikara zvine rugare kune vamiririri vemarudzi avo. Asi mumwaka wekusimudza, pangava nokupesana pakati pevarume. Dzimwe nguva varume vakuru vanorwisa vaduku, kunyanya varume. Polar bears inogona kupindirana nemabhere machena. Somugumisiro, kubereka (kubereka) vana - polar grizzlies vanoonekwa.

Nharaunda yevanhu uye kukosha kwezvoupfumi

Bhuku rePolar rakanyorwa muBlack Book yeRussian Federation sevanhu vashoma. Pamusana pekufa kwezvipfuwo zviduku uye kunonoka kubereka, uyu mhuka inova nyore nyore kukuvara. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, vagari vemazuva ano nhasi vanoonekwa sechinhu chisina kusimba, kunyange munzira imwe neimwe ichikura. Eskimos vari kusvuta pira ye polar nyama nehombodo. MuRussia, kutsvaka mhuka kwakarambidzwa kubva muna 1956. Mune dzimwe nyika (Greenland, Canada neU.SA) kuburitsa pelar bear is limited. Panharaunda yemazuva ano kune vanenge 5-7 zviuru zvevanhu. Kupfura kwevachengeti inenge 150-200 mabhesi gore.