Ndiani Levitan Isaac Ilich?

Isaka Ilich Levitan - kukuru Russian nzvimbo painter, ndiani Jewish. Asi ndianiko Levitan.

upenyu Early

Muna 1860, mhuri vakaumba zvokubatabata wechiJudha them Levitana akaberekwa mwanakomana wechipiri, Isaka. mhuri Poor vava kuda munhu wenhamo kuvapo kurarama panguva ino Lithuania muguta Khirbat. Ilya Levitan aiva muturikiri, mitauro vakadzidzisa. Vachitsvaka upenyu huri nani, ivo vose vatamira Moscow. Kuvapo mhuri haina kuva nani. Vakagara pamahombekombe pasi chechina mufurati duku. Pakanga pasina mari zvachose. Vana vaisagona kunyange kuenda kuchikoro, nekuti pakange pasina kubhadhara. Baba pachake akanga achiparidza navo.

Mumakore 13, Isaka akapinda Moscow School of Painting uye Sculpture. Iye pakarepo haana kuzeza takasarudza kwaizova nzvimbo rokupenda. Kunyange zvavo pakutambudzika flatlet zvakanaka nokuti kubva kwenguva refu anogona kunakirwa panovira zuva.

Apo Isaka waiva nemakore gumi namashanu okuberekwa, mai vake vakafa. Uye makore maviri gare gare, vachirwara typhus, uye baba vakafa. Panguva iyoyo iye akarwara typhus naIsaka, asi akapora, asi nemigumisiro dzakachinja upenyu hwose - aiva utano murombo. Vapona, nzara, vana vana vaduku pasina rubatsiro rwemari, rinozivikanwa chete pachavo. Kana Isaka kana munin'ina wake nokusingaperi uye haana kuudza munhu chinhu pamusoro wake uduku uye kuyaruka. Zvichida saka shungu uye kujeka vaiva ndangariro dzavo.

The chikoro

First Levitan akadzidza pasi Vasily Perov, asi ari mugwaro rechina iri yako nzvimbo mukirasi akakoka Alexei Savrasov. Levitan akadzidza nyore, asi achiri kushanda zvakaoma nguva refu. Paintings naye makore 16, "Autumn. The unoenda kumusha "uye" Night "zvino ari Tretyakov Gallery. Zvino chikoro yavo vakapemberera sirivha menduru , uye mari rubatsiro.

Kudzingwa kwevaJudha kubva Moscow

Muna 1879, chirevo wakabudiswa vaJudha nekudzivisa kurarama guru rekare Russia. Ndiani Levitan ndiani? Outlaw, uyo asiri nzvimbo izere upenyu. Hama vakagara pedyo Moscow mune zororo nzvimbo muna Saltykovka. Places paiva akanaka. Chiizve vanofanira nzvimbo painter? Kupenda uye kanivhasi, uye pamwe chete penzura nebepa, Watercolour, ingi, nepeni. Chose inogona kudzidzisa mashoko mamiriro mufananidzo zvakasikwa, ayo kumunetsawo. Asi Levitan ose zuva anoenda Moscow. Uye hazvishamisi. Panguva pashoo muna 1879 akapa mufananidzo wake "Autumn zuva. Sokolniki ". It akanyorera mukadzi mufananidzo mukoma Nicholas Chekhov. Mufananidzo-elegy pakarepo akaonga uye akaritenga P. Tretyakov. In Levitan hamuna "kufamba-kuburikidza" mabasa. Ari achiri kudzidza, asi chii rikunde range pamusoro kanivhasi, "Oak", sunlit! Painter iri nehanya chaizvo kuchinja duku detectable zvakasikwa uye anokwanisa kupfuura navo. Asi kana tarenda kana unyanzvi Levitan haana kubvumirwa kuti pamusoro kuguma chikoro muna 1885 musoro the artist. Levitan ndianiko pashure chikoro? Mudzidzisi calligraphy.

Kujairirana Chekhov

Ndapedza kubva kukoreji kana chitupa, hapana mari Isaac Levitan haana. Akagara pakatarisana Moscow pedyo Babkino apo vaenzi mhuri Chekhov. Pano kekutanga kusangana Anton Chekhov uye Isaac Ilich. By vachirwara Levitan shamwari yake Michael Chekhov utungamirire chiremba yomukoma wake. Sezvo Sumo kwavo ngakuitwe. Closed uye kufungira Levitan sezvaari maruva, kusonganirana kugamuchira uye anofara mhuri Chekhov, apo zvose zvagadzirwa dzinobatsira majee uye zvigadzirwa, uye ndiye mutungamiriri Anton Pavlovich. Mufaro uye kunyemwerera upenyu dzichayerera kubva kanivhasi "Birch Grove", unotanga pano kunyora Isaka Ilich Levitan. Biography ake uye Chekhov kazhinji zvakanyatsobatana. Pano akaramba kuzivisa rudo rwake kune Russian hunhu, sezvo nyore uye asazivikanwa, asi dzimwe nguva anofara zvinoshamisa uye Dzinotangazve. Chekhov Moscow hunhu kwenguva yakati zvino vakatanga kunzi "levitanistoy". Papera chinguva anopa A. P. Chehovu Isaka Ilich Levitan Photo pamwe chinyorwa. The pedyo of vemifananidzo vaviri vanoti uye mifananidzo duku mbiri, iyo yokudhirowa akapa munyori. Mumwe anonzi "The River Istra" uye yechipiri - "The pomuouki uye Birch." On pamusoro pakanyorwa sango mudenhere rayo, munhu kakamani-, pedyo iri nemiouki simba, uye kunamatira kwaari nounyoro dzakaonda chena shoma Birch. Both nharaunda pamusoro dhesiki pakati Anton Pavlovich pamwe pikicha womufananidzo.

"Birch Grove"

Zvose zvinoenderana ichi hove uzere nechiedza. Akadurura, iye anovaudza hunde dzacho, achivaita chichiwedzera ndichene. Zuva chinopinda mashizha, muti wose nepaanogona kwaari uye basked pasi nemwaranzi yaro. Simply zvinoshamisa rinoreva vangani zvakasvibirira akawana yokudhirowa kuti basa rake. inyanzvi yokutarisira tenzi colorist chete anogona kushanda anenge maviri mavara pasina kuita Fafitera pfungwa kufinhwa uye urombo ruvara palette. Kusiyana - hazvina akapfuma uye asingauyi batanidza chimwe vakawanda. A rinokwanisa kucheneruka bluebells ari nechekumberi kusimbisa pfungwa manune wechidiki uswa kuti kwakazadza patsangadzi.

KuCrimea ari wakadhirowewa upenyu

Panguva ino, nepakati 80s, kuvandudza mamiriro ezvemari womufananidzo, pashure aishanda ari nemapoka, asi utano hwake iri kuipa, uye yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita ayo, akaenda Crimea. Pane kutanga akanga wakafadzwa uye akanyora kudanana basa, uye ipapo, sezvo akabvuma mutsamba kuna Chekhov, akabvovora muna North. Iye akadzoka uye akaisa Crimean nharaunda ( "The wechiTatar kumakuva. Crimea", "nepagungwa. Crimea", "Ai-Petri", "The Crimean nzvimbo", "Mumakomo Crimean") pamusoro Moscow pakuratidzirwa. Vakanga zvose vakatengesa kubva pamazuva okutanga. The upenyu kuti akatungamirira Isaac Ilich Levitan, Biography uye mifananidzo yokudhirowa danho nedanho inorondedzerwa munyaya.

muigwa rwendo

rwendo First pamusoro Volga, raparurwa muchirimo 1887, kwakanga kwakundikana. Yakanga zvishoma musoro, kuchinaya uye kuchitonhora. Musi Volga mhepo yakasimba. Mwoyo akadzokera. Volga asi hapana mumwe wevaya nzizi kuti anogona isingakanganikwi. Gore rakatevera, iye zvakare akaenda Volga. Pano akawana guta Re-, munharaunda iyo ndakapa zvakasimbisa pakasikwa gore vanopfuura mumwe. The "Evening pamusoro Volga" zvishoma nezvishoma uye majestically inoyerera rwizi zvikuru upamhi. No hakuna mugumo kana mucheto. Mhiri dzomudondo, kunyange zvakanaka zvinoonekwa. Akamira pamusoro pakatarisana pamahombekombe rinokwanisa kucheneruka nemumakomo ubvise nokuunganidzwa mambakwedza, uye zvinonyauka, akatendeuka kuva mutete zviuno. Volga chinyararire. mvura yaro inoratidza makore manheru. Chete mukuru-mukuru sokupenya chiedza yendarama panovira zuva, iro riri seri rokupenda.

"Pashure Rain. Chishandisa ", 1889

Just chikuru rwizi. Asi zvose pamusoro payo kusukwa zvekare mvura chiedza silvery chiedza noruzhinji. Izvi kuchena uye ripples kurwizi nezvechikumbiro mvura, zvakauyiswa kuvandudzwa hwezvisikwa. Vanhu kupa sananga. Kukurukura navo kuburikidza pasi Zurich iri kure, uye zvikepe uye ngarava pamahombekombe. Poetical uye spiritualized vanoratidzwa nyika. Saka ndiani Levitan? Iye nyanduri, uyo akatora bhurasho uye kwete mumashoko, asi mavara uye muenzaniso inoratidza kuwirirana, izvo dzimwe nguva zvichiita.

Kuenda Western Europe

Muna 1889-1890 gg. Levitan anotumwa tinyatsoziva kupenda ano muFrance uye Italy. Uyezve, akaona mabasa vemifananidzo of Barbizon School uye Impressionists, Levitan pachake akanyora nharaunda dzakawanda. Zvisinei, pakazopera rwendo yava zvisingadzivisiki wakavhomorwa kumba, mhuri yose kuti vaiziva uye akanzwa wangu wose.

Period nenhongonya asika zvokunamata

Nineties - ichatonga zvine mbiri uri Levitan. Hongu, uye yokudhirowa pachake. Agara akanaka, asi zvino vava mufashoni murume kwezvokufuka uyo, mukuwedzera, yava anokwezvwa vanhu nehanya uye delicacy. Meso ake chakapenya, maererano Chaliapin, "isingawanzowanikwi enhetembo mweya." Muna 1890, Levitan akanyora "rigere Silent", vakasungwa pamwe chete dzinotevedzana wakadhirowewa nemaonero pamusoro Re- uye Moscow dzemamongi, wakaona Russian murume kakawanda, uye mhaka, kuti Chekhov kwakaita maonero, chido chokuenda mberi uye mberi mukati kwezuva mugungwa yakaisvonaka hwemafaro. Levitan, sezvinongoita munhu wese, akazarura chakavanzika Russian hunhu, ayo runako nyarara.

Personal matambudziko

The Volga Levitan haana kuenda oga. Pakati ayo mamwe akaperekedza Artist C. Kuvshinnikova. mudzimai uyu akatakurirwa Amorous uye vaneshungu Isaka Ilich Levitan. Biography kuti yokufungidzira ake kukasawedzerwa pamwe pachena, asi kwezvokufuka uye noungwaru mudzimai akanga ake mukuru nemakore 12. About pavo vakatanga kutaura. Mushure Kuvshinnikova akaroorwa chiremba. A. P. Chehov akanyora nyaya "hwiza", umo vakaona vaviri. A Levitan vakagumburwa uye vakagura ukama Chekhov. Ivo akayananisazve TL-Shchepkina Kupernik. Asi Levitan zvakanga chakarongwa kuyananiswa, nekuti akanga kugumbuka kuti aida duel. Saka pano aiva hypochondriac Isaka Ilich Levitan. Interesting zvinhu hwake vari chokuita Chekhov. Charming Levitan aiva entree mumba Senator Turchaninova. Akanga akatakurirwa wake, mwanasikana Seneta kwakaita kudanana Levitan. Panguva ino, kupfuura kare, Levitan kupendwa achiri lifes seruva. Zvadaro kupendwa mu mufananidzo mumwe kushanya ake "March", anomirira wenhumbi Turchaninova. Uyu rakajeka kunonoka yechando, izvo kare hapana munhu akamboona. It Snow White, asi vakapfeka zvitema denga, zvitema mimvuri pamusoro chando. Mushure Levitan akava vavariro kazhinji akadzokorora muna mifananidzo Juon uye Grabar. Kare Turchaninova imba. In nganonyorwa iyi akapindira zvikuru asingabatsiri musikana muduku, uye anoratidza Levitan kubva nepakati, uye kunyange akapfurwa Artist. Chekhov akanzwa pamusoro theatricality mhando iyi sezvo vanga haana zvakakomba muupenyu. Mukuwedzera, panguva ino Levitan akauraya Gaviota, iyo mumba ndokurikanda patsoka vakadzi. Yaiva tragicomic chiitiko raiva Isaka Ilich Levitan. Facts oupenyu the artist vakatanga A. P. chehova rokusika zvairatidza uye zvinoratidzwa mutambo "The Gaviota."

"Panguva dziva" (1892)

Panguva ino, Levitan ainetseka pamusoro pavakatadza dzorudo pamwe Kuvshinnikova uye Turchaninova uye projected pamusoro pemhando yomukati manzwiro ako. Alarm - ichi ndicho chikuru vavariro basa iri, anofukidza kungoona. In izvi chete nzvimbo uye Pushkin akanyora "njuzu" ake.

"Vladimirka" (1892)

Zvisingaperi mugwagwa angaratidza kuSiberia. Chero mamiriro vanhu vakatongerwa zvakaoma necheni huru expanses uye pasi zuva rinopisa uye kudira yematsutso inotonhora. Izvi dongo turakiti Levitan zvikuru kuti akanga mashoma purogiramu ari chete mweya vakarondedzera uye akapa Pavel Tretyakov.

"Asingagumi Zororo" (1894)

Cape chakasakara chapero kumakuva. Wind anokotama miti dzakatetepa, uye zvinoita sokuti zvishoma uye iye achatakura uye pachechi, uye chechi shoma. Bezbrezhen kwedenga kwegungwa pasi denga namakore overhanging kutungamirira. zvisikwa haana basa munhu nokusingaperi. Chinounza kusuruvara uye kuora mwoyo zvichiratidza pamusoro nokusingaperi - munhu oga, smallness kwake chikuru penzvimbo. Man anonzwa rubanzu zvakasikwa. mufananidzo yakaoma uye yakajeka. Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu kanivhasi anotora denga. Chete rising chapero, kutaurirwa kudenga, anodzivisa simba okunze. Kutenda uye nokutenda kwoga zvichabatsira munhu vapone.

"Spring. High Mvura "(1897)

Mumakore okupedzisira ari painter - iri rakakura kuwedzera. Hapana nzira kutsanangura zvose zvaakanga aita panguva Isaka Ilich Levitan, ane basa zvikuru siyana. Lyric kudetemba chiedza - ndicho ake basa "Spring. mvura Big ". Kubvira pauduku, tsime rakanga ake kufarira nguva yegore. Saka unworldly murume anoimba rwiyo kuti kunaka kungonyuka rakachenuruka rebhuruu, mvura azure, dzakaonda chiedza muti hunde dzacho. Pano, mu enchanted munyika ino, ukakunda runyararo uye wakanyarara, urwa ani naani akauya kutarira mifananidzo. Saka, ndiani Levitan? The Artist-muzivi, yokudhirowa uye Lyricist uyo yakanakisisa kukwanisa kutaura kunaka Russian pasi-kiyi hunhu uye ayo wemashiripiti hwakadzikama.

Mwoyo chirwere akatora upenyu musiki paakanga-matatu namapfumbamwe. Akafa muna 1900. Too mangwanani akafa Isaka Ilich Levitan. Okugadzira zvinhu, vose mifananidzo, chinonyanya kuoneka, takaedza kuongorora, pasina kurasikirwa huru - kukwanisa chake chokuzadza mweya weupenyu mabasa ake. Zvino madota ake vari Novodevichy Cemetery muMoscow.