Ndivanaani Sarmatians uye zvavaiita?

Sarmatians - boka madzinza Iranian kuti Vaidzungaira ari steppes rweUkraine ano, Russia uye kuKazakhstan kare. vanhu ava akazviratidza VI remakore BC. e., uye IV remakore BC. e. anenge anyangarika yacho pashure nechisimba Huns. Rakanga rakakamurwa anoverengeka mapoka: Iazyges, Alans uye Roxolani.

Chitupa Sarmatians

Most zvose zvakanyorwa mashoko pamusoro Sarmatians akaramba mubhuku rechina, "History", rakanyorwa kare wechiGiriki Herodotus. Mairi, iye anorondedzera cheScythia nyika iri kuchamhembe kweGungwa Dema apo vaGiriki vagara kure kwazvo dzaidzorwa, kusanganisira Olbia. Herodotus, achitsanangura kuti Sarmatians, akashandisa mashoko okuti "Sauromats". Mu "History" panoti kuti vairarama Tanais (kureva Don) pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Azov.

Vanotsvakurudza More kuchangobva vakaedza kupindura mubvunzo, ndivanaani Sarmatians uye Vasvika muArabhu izvi. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti musha wemadzitateguru inowanzorimwa raiva Yuzhnyy Ural. kuwedzera zvavo vakatanga yechipiri hafu 2 Millennium BC. e. chikonzero chake chaiva chidzoke imwe mhando itsva varwi - vakatasva uta. Mushure kugona mabukira muArabhu vakava rinotyisa njodzi nevavakidzani vayo.

kunzvaira vanhu

Inowanzorimwa aigara kundorwa nomumwe. The mhaka kudhumhana, somunhu mutemo, ane nzara kana kutamburira pamafuro zvitsva. Fungidziro anotsanangura kunopfuurira hondo vari Sarmatians. Vanhu kuti akaberekwa ari Ural steppes zvishoma nezvishoma vakatamira kumavirazuva pasi kumanikidzwa vanotyaira vavakidzani Asian. Panzvimbo itsva muArabhu akamirira yakawanda uye vashoma vakasununguka kubva kumucheto makwikwi.

Matutu vatama akadzokorora akaita Eurasian nzira zviuru akawanda. Ndivanaani Sarmatians? Muchidimbu, ichi ndicho chimwe sefungu kutama kwakadaro. Magumo avo akanga akafanana kuti kwavo vamutangira uye vatsivi. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru muArabhu yanyangarika pakati pedyo ndakagara marudzi uye kurasikirwa pfuma identichnot. Ndokusaka nhasi Sarmatians - iri imwe-refu vakamira nhoroondo chaiyo iyo kuti achiripo mashoko Chidimbu chete uye kurayira kutsvaka zvinhu zvaishandiswa.

kwemadzinza zvinhu

Mufananidzo yekare inowanzorimwa mune zvakawanda akatizivisa kunokwana ethnographic ruzivo. Ndivanaani Sarmatians uye madzitateguru avo? Vanobva kamwe vanhuwo Indo-European. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kubva munharaunda iyi akasarudzwa Iranian vaitaura boka uye akaumba kuchamhembe bazi muSitiya mukati. Pazviri vari Sarmatians. Inobva kumusoro, zvinokwanisika kutsanangura nzvimbo yaigara Sarmatians mune madzinza map Eurasia. hama dzavo dzepedyo ndivo vaSitiya. Other Indo-European vavakidzani muArabhu vaiva Cimmerians.

Sarmatians haana vakaumba chete rudzi. Vakakamurwa kuva mumadzinza akawanda. Mazita avo vanozivikanwa zvinyorwa zvekare apo mazita inowanzorimwa kwakafuridzirwa Kushamiswa uye atye rugare akagadzirisa vavakidzani. Isu Sarmatians asina mutauro zvakanyorwa, uye saka kare havana chaiyo uchapupu, asi vane chivimbo kuti mumwe rudzi aiva yayo mutauro.

Zvidzidzo mitauro vakakubatsira kutsanangura nguva uye njodzi inowanzorimwa vanhu. Kuburikidza Kuongororwa emitauro yakasiyana siyana kuwana ndiani ari Sarmatians uye vari nezvizvarwa zvavo. Tiri kutaura Ossetians ano. vanhu ava vakabva boka Sarmatian, uyo akakwanisa kuchengetedza zivikanwo yavo wakati atamira eCaucasus. netsika yavo richiripo uye yakatanga apo mamwe madzinza kufanana akasara vanoshamwaridzana steppes vaiva kana mufashoni kana ichiputswa pakati vavakidzani. Chokupedzisira akundwa ichi hombe Sarmatian airohwa ari IV remakore pedyo Huns. New Oriental mapoka paakasvika Europe, uye kwete chete kudzimwa yekare inowanzorimwa, asi akaparadzawo chakakomba kurwadzisa hweRoma, izvo pakupedzisira yakadhirika.

Iazyges

madzinza Most Western Sarmatian vaiva Iazyges. Vaigara munzvimbo dzakaderera kunosvika kuna Dnieper, kwavakagamuchirwa kwakamanikidzwa kubva kumabvazuva kweGungwa Dema nharaunda pashure kusvika Roxolani. Other Vavakidzani Iazyges vaiva marudzi akasiyana-siyana paGati, kusanganisira Dniester tyragetae. Ivo bordered pamusoro La Tene tsika Bastarnae. Vamwe chikamu Iazyges panguva Resettlement ake asvika Danube Delta. Pane Sarmats sungano vokuPontasi, iyo zvino anotonga kunozivikanwa Evpatr Mithridates, uye akatanga kurwa Roma. Achipindura, Mauto mumakore 78-76. BC. e. kufanorongwa akatevedzana kuri dzakaitwa munyika kuchamhembe Danube, uko muArabhu kurarama.

In yokutanga yezana I remakore BC. e. kureba kwawo kukasvika Dacian umambo yaiva vemazuva ano Romania. Ndiwo uyu, pamwe chete vaRoma ikadziviswa mberi kuwedzera Iazyges. With akashora chaizvo vavakidzani pachavo, Sarmatians pakupedzisira akamira kufamba kwayo kumavirazuva.

Roksolany

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Roksolany Iazyges yakatowedzera pamusoro chitsitsinho, nokudaro zvichiita kuti vatamire kumavirira. Yaiva imwe Sarmatian rudzi vaigara kuchamhembe Tanais (Don). Akapinda chibvumirano pamwe Crimean vaSitiya, ivo yakakunda ose kuchamhembe Sea Black nharaunda. mutongi Roxolani mumwe mashoma aizivikanwa chokwadi Sarmatian madzimambo Gata. Akava nomukurumbira nokuti chokwadi kuti akatanga kukunda Crimean vaSitiya, Sarmatians iyo pamberi akaramba batana pabonde. Kusarudza vavengi itsva, Gata akatsigira echiGiriki vagari Kherson. The chiteshi akatambura zvikuru kubva muSitiya uye Sarmatian vakatsvaka kudzivirirwa. Gata zita vanotaurwa rechiGiriki gwaro makore 179 BC. e., umo akabvuma kuva rubatso pamusoro chibvumirano pakati Ponte uye Kherson.

sayenzi yemazuva anoziva zita mumwe mambo Roxolani. Leader Tazy (Tasy) vanotonga anenge 110 BC. e., apo Sarmatians yakachinja maitiro ayo, ari kubatana vaSitiya pamusoro Umambo Bosporus. Army pasi murayiro mukuru Difanta akakunda muArabhu. About hondo mune zvaakanyora, yakakurumbira wenhau Strabo yakashuma.

In pakati I remakore BC. e. Zvakatanga kwemahofisi Roxolani, lightweight kuderera Bastarnae. Ivo ndanogara inowanzorimwa kumadokero Dnieper River, zvakare displacing Iazyges ukama chete munyika dzavo. Uyewo, roksolonam aifanira shure pasi yakakuwandira pamusoro Aorses uye Alans. Somugumisiro Sarmatians izvi vakagara steppes pakati Danube Delta uye Dnieper. Vamwe Zvikwata kunyange kusvika Mountains Carpathian. Part Roxolani akatendeuka kumaodzanyemba, kumbomira mu wallachia. Pano sezvisingakundiki vakawanikwa muArabhu akava muganhu hweRoma. Under kumanikidzwa boka iri Sarmatian pamwe zvatinosiita nzvimbo Starring Dacians. YaMakoronike Roman anotaurawo nyaya apo muna '62 zviuru mauto vavamba vavakidzani dzokumusoro Imperial muruwa Moesia. Dacians izvi, vaidzvinyirirwa Roxolans, pakupedzisira mvumo kugara mukati weRoma ushe. Sarmatians, vasingakwanise andobata enyika Roman, zvakadaro nguva dzose kunetswa navo zvavo inoparadza vachirwisa.

Economy uye nzira youpenyu

About kuti Sarmatians yakafanira vatongwe nokutarisa papurazi ravo. Vanhu ava vaigara steppes, uye ipapo akatungamirira runochengeta upenyu. Hwaro Sarmatian zvoupfumi zvakanga mombe maberekero. Agriculture Uyewo aripo, asi mune chikero duku zvikuru, kunyanya munharaunda nzizi huru.

Cimmerians, vaSitiya, Sarmatians - vose vanhu ava kuti nzira yavo youpenyu dzakafanana mumwe. Panzvimbo dzimba vakanga matende uye ngoro. Meals zvaisanganisira nyama uye mukaka, zvaakapiwa nemombe zhinji. Popular dhishi raiva bhiza nyama. Maipfuura nevaitenga pamwaka akatama - mumwe akadzama kuti chinoratidza zvakajeka kuti Sarmatians. Nhoroondo steppes rweUkraine, Russia uye kuKazakhstan chokuita vanhu vazhinji matongo nzvimbo. Summer Sarmatians vaigara mumapani uye muchando kunoshanda kune kumahombekombe eGungwa Azov. zvinowanzoitika nguo dzavo dzaigadzirwa nyoro reganda majombo, refu unokutakwairirai, uye akanzwa heti.

tsika uto

Somumwe anongofamba Sarmatians vaisafananidzira upenyu pasina mabhiza. mhuka idzi kwete chete akabatsira papurazi, asi Paidiwa muhondo. Men vanodzidzisa vakomana kuchovha panguva mangwanani chaizvo zera. Vose zvavo akura unyanzvi uye akaomarara varwi. Izvi kunosimbiswa yokuti mumakuva nevana vakawanda, vanochera matongo vakawana chombo. Military tsika inowanzorimwa kunge kumbochinja kwemazana emakore.

Ndivanaani Sarmatians sezvo varwi? zvombo zvavo raiva pfupi uta curved, goba rizere nemiseve, munondo simbi, aizivikanwa akinak. Zvishoma yaiwanzoshandiswa pikes, namapfumo uye hondo namasanhu. Uyewo, pane uchapupu kare kare pamusoro kukurumbira pakati muArabhu nezvipfuramabwe uye lasso. Nadzo yaisanganisira nengowani uye zvombo bovine rawhide uye rakarukwa nhovo.

Cimmerians, vaSitiya, Sarmatians uye nevamwe vanhu vekare inowanzorimwa yaishandiswa kurwa pamusoro chete mazano. The Kurwisa aiva kurwisa boka guru vemabhiza panguva zvizere gallop vakanga kubhomba muvengi nomuseve. Kunyanya unyanzvi varwi vaiva Roksolana. Sarmats Mapakatwa akasiyana hofori saizi. Vaigona kuramba maoko maviri chete.

vanhu

Vanyori venhoroondo dzekare uye geographers, uyo akaedza kutsanangura kuti Sarmatians, akataura kuti vanhu ava vakanga vasiri kupfungwa rouranda. vanhu vose vaiva pachavo rusununguko. Vatungamiri inowanzorimwa vamusarudze kupfuura rakakurumbira varwi. Nokuda Chidimbu hunhu zvinotisimbisa nesayenzi yemazuva anoziva mazita mashomanene madzimambo aya.

Social manera Sarmatian vanhu, riri pamusoro vatongi, akanga asiri zvakafanana nguva dzose. Izvi runoratidzwa pazvikomo yakawanikwa nevanochera. Makuva - yakanakisisa zivo pamusoro kuti Sarmatians uye kwavaigara. Early Sarmatian kuvigwa pazvikomo vaiva varombo uye yunifomu. Zvisinei, panguva pakuguma V remakore BC. e. paiva vapfumi makuva umo vakavigwa munhu nendarama nezvimwe zvamafaro. Kwakadaro nyanzvi anowana vanoratidza zvishoma nezvishoma evanhu stratification of Sarmatians. Makuva dzedzinza vakakwirira zvakasiyana chaizvo zvatinosiita, zvinoreva kuti kunyange utsinye runochengeta pakupedzisira yakatanga yayo vepamusoro.

Women uye Religion

mashoko kunyanya kuziva kuti vanyori vechiGiriki akasiya vakadzi Sarmatian. Saka, Herodotus akafananidza navo Amazons. Female nomad aivhima pamabhiza uye kunyange akatora mugove muhondo sevanhu. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti basa rinokosha munzanga vakaridza Sarmatian muprisitikadzi rukoko. Inowanzorimwa Vagari vaiva vahedheni, vakanamata moto uye zuva. Pakutanga yaitonga yedu, pakati pavo idzva Zoroastrianism chitendero rakapararira.

Sarmatians vakatenda upenyu pashure porufu, uye saka vakanga chaizvo zvakasiyana yemariro mitambo yembereko. Vamwe yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora animism uye kunamata mhuka. All ruzivo urwu masayendisiti ano pamusoro Stepnyak kuramba kutsivira uye kuvandudza sezvo itsva zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo. Mubvunzo kuti Sarmatians, uye zvavakaita, kure rurege akavharwa. Nyanzvi uye ikozvino kuramba kutsvaka zvinofadza nezvokuungana vekare vagari steppes ose Kazakhstan, Russia neUkraine.

Alana

sarmatian vanhu kuti Alani vertex anonzi nguva yacho Late I-IV CC. Pakutanga yaitonga yedu vakauya kubva kumabvazuva steppes kuGungwa Azov uye Caucasus. Mumakore 73-74. Alans remuSamoa akaedza kukunda kuPatiya uye nechisimba izvozvo, kuenda rwendo rurefu pamwe kumabvazuva kweGungwa reCaspian. Muna 123, zviri muArabhu vakarwisa atova yeRoma nhaka. kubvuta vavo sei kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Asian enyika umambo. Iyi nguva Sarmatian akaputsa mutungamiri Flavius Arrian. Muna 133, pasi bvuta wakadzokororwa. Alans yakapamba nyika Armenia ano uye Azerbaijan.

The chidzoke idzva Sarmatians mu steppes Eastern European kwakakonzerwa nerimwe sefungu yokutama yakatarwa dzemadzinza. The Iranian vanhu vari kuenda kubva steppes Asian, kamwe munzira anotyisa Huns. Muzana IV remakore nokuda kwavo kwakanga Guru Kutama, izvo zvakakanganisa kwete Alans, asi mamwe madzinza akawanda, kusanganisira boka German.

Pashure kutanga pakati Huns vakawanda Alans ichiputswa pakati pavo uye nevamwe vokuTurkey (Khazars, Volga Bulgars, Utigurs). Vamwe yokupedzisira boka Sarmatians vakagara kuCaucasus. Zvizvarwa zvavo ano - the Ossetians, ane mutauro waiva mutauro yokupedzisira zvimwe chokuita yokutanga kwakapararira Sarmatian boka.

Vamwe Alans vakawanda kure kumatunhu ari Central Caucasus, apo wokutanga kugadziriswa vamiririri Koban matongo tsika yacho Iron Age. Muzana VI remakore ivo vakapona nechisimba Altai vokuTurkey uye tsaona. Anenge 650 Makore Alans vaiva achitonga ari pasi paNebhukadhinezari kubva Khazar Khanate. Vachimiririra eumambo nzvimbo pakati Dagestan uye Kuban zvakanzi zita. Alan machinda vakaroora kutonga imba rokuGeorgia. Sarmatian mamiriro kuCaucasus, vaiva mamwe mazana shoma. Alans nhoroondo yakapera mushure Mongol nechisimba muna XIII remakore. Kubvira ipapo, zita ravo harina kuwanikwa Ages yaMakoronike.