Nickel arambe achirema nezvimwe zvivako. nickel mhangura

Nickel (Ni) - iri makemikari chinhu periodic ezvinhu Mendeleev, iyo rwuripowo vanamwari vatatu vatatu Fe, Co, Ni. Nickel ine simbi pakati chena ruvara ane kuoneka silvery Sheen. Mberi zvakanaka nedzimwe simbi kuti aumbe alloys panguva imwe chete.

Kuwanikwa nickel

nickel mhangura yakatanga yakawanikwa pedyo kemisiti kubva Sweden A. Cronstedt muna 1751. ayo okutanga miners kubva Saxony mhangura asati aiziva kuti akatarira kunze akafanana nendarira. Raishandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa steklovarami zvakasvibirira. Kazhinji steelmakers iyoyo kuedza kubva chiwanikwa ichi hwemhangura, asi kuedza zvose zvavo vakakundikana. Naizvozvo, panguva pakuguma XVII remakore. Nickel simbi akamuka zita rayo rokutanga - ". Dhiyabhorosi mhangura" "kupfernikel", iro rinoshandurudzwa zvinoreva Mineralogist Cronstedt achiri akakwanisa munyoro oxide, uye kubudikidza rutapudzo okupedzisira yakanga yaunganidzwa nickel pachayo.

Humwe kuongorora nesimbi paaivatambudza musayendisiti Bergman. Kugamuchira zvayo yakachena chimiro, zviri unogona kukusimbisai kuti zvivako zviri nickel pedyo zvainyanya esimbi. Muudzame, simbi iri kudzidzwa nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, kubva Proust. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuziva ehupfumi dzavo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira arambe achirema kuti nickel. Kutaura zvazviri, shoko rokuti "Nikkel" ari tsvina shoko miners. It kunobva kururama Niccolaus uye vakashumira remadunhu- duplicitous, vanhu vanonyengera. Zvinoreva shoko rechipiri raiva "mweya zvokuparadzwa," "slacker."

nickel arambe achirema nezvimwe zvivako

Nickel ine zvivako akadai ductility uye malleability. Izvi zvinhu zvive nyore kuti afumure mubayiro wake. Kubva vakawana simbi machira uye sepombi. Nickel - a nani vafuke zvinhu. simba Its tensile riri 450 MPa. Saka vysokoplastichen, uye anewo kumusoro ngura nemishonga. The chafariz conductivity pamusoro nickel iri 90,1 W / (m · K) (pa 25 ° C).

Mined ores Kunoumbwa shanu akatsiga isotopes. Nickel iri semhosva rinorema simbi. Nickel arambe achirema ndiyo 8902 makirogiramu / m ^3. Zviri kaviri kupfuura titanium, asi nhamba kukosha akaenzana arambe achirema zvemhangura.

Ko nickel ngura rakafukidza?

Nickel ndiko husingakwanisi kumusoro tembiricha. Kana simbi iyi inoshandiswa muindasitiri ezvinhu, chinowanzoonekwa yakafukidzwa oxide firimu, ane zvishoma dimming. Zvinonzi zvakare haana yakafukidzwa ngura. Haaiti pamusoro payo, uye asidhi - kana Organic kana inorganic. Ngura haadi kufukidza simbi iyi kunyange inopisa doro. Naizvozvo, nickel rinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya indasitiri.

Apo nickel vangagara ngura?

In zvachose pane runyararo umo simbi anogona kuparadzwa. Chekutanga, ndiyo mvura mugungwa. Uyezve, zvakaipa zvinokanganisawo alkaline hypochlorite mhinduro. Sarufa uyewo hunokonzera ngura, munyu zvinogadzirisa, amoniya mvura.

nickel alloys

ndiyo simbi iyi chirungiso yakanaka simbi. It anowedzera raro ductility uye simba. Kuwedzera nickel uye chromium alloys zvinopa yakakwirira ngura kuramba kuti steels. Zvikuru kushandiswa indasitiri chromium-nickel Stainless simbi, izvo saka vane yakakwirira azvipire thermostability.

A kemesitiri anozivikanwa alloys apo nickel Nde maatomu akafanana. Density nickel anobvumira kushandiswa kwayo alloys nesimbi, aruminiyamu, manganese, chromium nesilicon. alloys kwakadaro dzinoshandiswa kusika Heaters. Vane refu azvipire rinobva permeability. Also kushandiswa michina kukandira simbi, umo nickel inowedzerwa. Industrial kugadzirwa nesimbi iri rakatanga anenge zana apfuura. Saka vanenge 80% kubva nickel rinoshandiswa hwokubereka simbi uye nickel alloys.

Other minda kushandiswa simbi

Nickel aro alloys anoshandiswa kwete chete nokuda pagadzirwe Stainless steels. Nesimbi uye alloys wakashandiswa ake kuita zvakasikwa kwemakemikari zvokushandisa, shipbuilding. Nichrome uye chromel vari constituent zvinhu vomumba midziyo yemagetsi: toasters, simbi, uye nzvimbo Heaters. Other alloys zvinoshandiswa kuvaka midziyo wengarava. Nickel coatings kakawanda decoration.

simbi toxicity

The yakawanda nickel zvingava nemigumisiro pamusoro muviri. Inosimudzira kugutsikana kwayo zvokudya anogona kutaura zvakananga unotyisidzira utano. The kupfuura kakawanda mugumisiro wokunzwa kuonana nickel muviri - chiri chisimbwa. uyewo hunokonzera bronchitis, chirwere cheitsvo, uye kenza yemapapu. Asi nickel toxicity kunoratidza pacharo chete kana zviri mumuviri akawanda.