Nokufema romoto - choto kuti simbi simbi

Nokuti kugadzirwa yenguruve simbi iri metallurgia indasitiri anoshandisa ano kwebhosvo hwechoto. Izvi muchoto zvangu mhando, zvisina chaizvo kunzwisisa mamiriro, izvo, zvisinei, anotarira chaizvo. Kuunza kugadzirwa yenguruve simbi pakukwana, vanhu vaifanira kuunganidza emakore ruzivo.

Neimwe anotsanangura bhomba chamatare, Old kwechiSlavonic mudzi zita rayo. "Dmit" - zvinoreva kuvhuvhuta.

Madzitateguru of Nokufema yamavira - shtukofeny

KuMiddle Ages vanhu zvaidiwa simbi dzakasiyana. Zvombo uye zvokushandisa dzaiitwa simbi, kuchinja uye simba, uye zvatinosiita simbi vakaenda mhuri nemidziyo. Syrodutnyh romoto kushandiswa pave zvinodiwa simbi ane refu kwazvo nguva, kwezviuru zvemakore, uye vanogona kwazvo zvinodiwa kusvikira kusvikira kwezvinoshandiswa mumatanda fusible ores. Heat kubudirira nokuwedzera kumusoro (yakakura saka chebasa), mhepo pumped uye ruoko mvuto. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva vokuEurope vakanga kutamira yakaderera-unhu mbishi zvinhu kuti aishanda tide kubudirira. Steel Shtukofeny nokugadzirwa, pashure yokutanga Nokufema romoto akaonekwa. Raiva namahwindo mhando muvira kushanda pane imwe kutenderera. Zvaida mutoro mhangura, marasha, uye ipapo ari neshungu ane kumanikidzwa ndege (Chinyorwa kuita waishaiwa saka akashandisa nemhepo nemvura mavhiri), pashure zvakanga zvakakodzera kumirira kutonhora uye adzikunure simbi, raiparadzanisa kubva pamwero nezvimwe byproducts kukodzera kunzi maruva. Huru nani shtukofenov kwaisanganisira nani kupisa wevasungwa nokuda namahwindo vhoriyamu mukati nokushanda kunoita, nokuda kuderera yawo leakage kune mhepo.

Kandira simbi kupunduka

The chikuru dambudziko Ages metallurgists remakore namatatu rakanga refractoriness simbi. Kana shtukofene agamuchira simbi (i.e., simbi-kabhoni chiwanikwa ane kabhoni wevasungwa kuti 1,7% uye pamusoro), takashamiswa ayo shoma utsotso pfungwa, asi haina uchifadzwa. The zvichiguma simbi yaiva nyore kuwana pane simbi uye kunyanya simbi, asi ayo zvemaziso unhu tichitarisa ari ipapo murombo mutengi zvakare nyore uye kwete simba zvakakwana. Zvisinei, muna maviri chete emakore, mafungiro zvachinja kuti kukandira simbi. Chokutanga, achibvisa kubva muchoto zvakava nyore, zvinogona nyore kuti ndidire mu yanyungudiswa chimiro. Chechipiri, resimbi kuti awana asi kushandiswa kwayo, uye-siyana kwazvo. Uye Chechitatu, chaiva mbishi mashoko mamwe wokunatswa kunyanyisa kabhoni uye tiwane kwazviri simbi raiva nyore zvikuru kupfuura kubva mhangura. Saka, pashure pemazana emakore kwacho, rakachengetedzwa akawanikwa kupfuura zvibereko metallurgia ano, uye yakagadzirwa bhomba romoto. The romoto Westphalian muguta Siegerland (hafu wechipiri XV remakore) anogona kushanda chaiparira kutenderera kwemakore anoverengeka, pave nezuva pamusoro matani nehafu nguruve simbi. Zvino waiva mugove.

Sechivako kwebhosvo muvira

Chete pashure vachishanyira pedyo nehofori muchoto ichi, unogona kuona kuti guru ano kwebhosvo hwechoto. Photos kupa pfungwa dzayo cyclopean saizi chete pavanenge unoratidza munhu, vaiita duku ive svosve. Zvisinei, pasinei runoshamisa chitarisiko, ari uchishandisa pfungwa ndewokuti, romuMiddle. Magadzirirwo ine vezvikwata huru shanu. Pamusoro izvi, huro, nokuti rokukwidza mbishi zvinhu zvayo dzakafanana kuparadzira mukati mevira. Below chiri chikamu conical chimiro, umo kudziyisa uye kuderedza muitiro (anorondedzerwa gare gare). The wechitatu anonzi pamusoro chikwata kuti chiutsi, pane yesimbi utsotso. Zvadaro mumwe mugove tapered, nguva ino rigone tapering, - mapendekete, iyo anosunungurwa kubva chemubhotoro carbon monoxide (a achidzikisa gasi). Uye panguva chaiyo pasi - norunyanga iyo dzokubvisa rapera chigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa tsvina.

gadzira Chemistry

Chemical pezvakaitwa vari oxidising uye kuderedza. kubatana First zvinoreva pamwe okisijeni, wechipiri, nekusiyana, kurambwa kwayo. Mhangura - oxide ichi, uye kuti vawane simbi kunoda reagent anokwanisa "sarudza" mamwe maatomu. Inokosha pakuita izvi chinhu chemubhotoro, apo combustion inongorira guru yakawanda kupisa uye carbon dioxide, izvo panguva yakakwirira tembiricha uchiora kupinda monoxide mishonga kushingaira uye kusagadzikana fuma. SB kunoita kuva apiwa dioxide, uye musangano pesimbi mamorekuru (Fe ₂ O _3), "zvinoda" vose okisijeni, vachisiya chete simbi. Kune Chokwadi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri yakatsvuka zvinhu, tsvina, residues kuti aumbe, inonzi gang. Ndiwo sei Nokufema romoto. Izvi, maererano kemisitiri, nyore rutapudzo maitiro, anoteverwa nokupisa rinodyiwa.

Chii iye, ano kwebhosvo romoto?

Nokufema vira upenyu nguva yava zviduku kuti zvivako izvozvo pamwero - anenge gumi. Panguva ino chidziro ari pasi kumusoro mitoro, anoremedza chafariz kudziyisa, ari ipapo zvaida kugadziriswa guru kana kuparadzwa. Pig kugadzirwa simbi haagoni kunzi hakukuvadzi, inobatanidzwa choutsi mumhepo, phosphorus, sarufa nezvimwe zvinhu isinakukodzera chaizvo. Anoendeswa pamwechete, izvi zvinhu yakakurudzira nyika dzakawanda kuti curtail metallurgia kugadzirwa kana ndiwedzere kwariri (kunyanya kana indasitiri chinhu chinokosha uye bhajeti-dzichiumbwa). Modern Kurira vira - iri nyore zvayo musimboti ino, iyo, zvisinei, chinoda yakaoma kudzora redunhu multiple kudzora muzvishwe kuti nechokwadi zvikuru vakarongeka kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu uye simba.