Pfuti Hondo Yenyika II. Small maoko. Trehlineyka Mosin

It anonzi, nechiedza ruoko kare Soviet kuti mapoka eNazi nechisimba Soviet Union muna 1941, zvombo zvakakwana zvigwagwagwa, anenge dzose, masoja anenge ose Wehrmacht kubva scribbling ake "Schmeiser". Somugumisiro mu okupedzisira maviri emakore, pashure ane chinangwa kuongorora chokwadi, zvakanga zvisiri zvikuru zvechokwadi. Chekutanga, muchina German yainzi, zvichienderana nadzurudzo, kana MR.38 MR.40 chepiri H. Schmeiser mugadziri haana yakatanga uye kwakamboitwa nepurani yake dzinoverengeka kuchinja (kusanganisira yematanda garo) pakusika soro-zvazvingava kurova pfuti, iyo vakagamuchira zita raro, uye gare gare. Uye Chechitatu, chombo chikuru reNazi occupiers munguva yehondo yaiva pfuti nokururamisira simba Mauser Gewehr-98. Kana ukanyatsoongorora kuverenga zvakachengetedzwa footage nechisimba nguva, unogona kuonekwa, uyewo pagadzirwe ngoro, chinoumba chikuru chimiro pakufamba vokuGermany. The Red Army vake zvaiva pamusoro chete. Trehlineyka Mosin ane kanivhasi bhandi kuti rinotaura nyanduri Tvardovsky, nokutendeka akashanda kuti Motherland yakanaka hafu remakore.

Mauser: kumumvuri uye kukura

Hitler akanga kumwe. Akafamba yokutanga yenyika, uye kunyange zvazvo vamwe biographers ake ichirevawo nani kuziva ezvinhu okutambirwa of Iron Cross, vamwe kurwa ramangwana "Führer of German vanhu" vakanga vachiri. Haana here kuvimba mwero tsindirana zvombo, uye vaiona yakanakisisa Mauser zvombo mugadziri munyika, vakakwanisa uvhure risingaenzaniswi muenzaniso. Naizvozvo, nepfuti German Hondo Yenyika II akanga rinenge chete, izvo vakarwa varwi German uye hweAustria-Hungary muna 1914-1918, zvidiki kugadzira kuchinja. kumumvuri Its aiva Gew.71, yakataurwa hama William uye Peter-Paul Mauser, sezvo zviri pachena kubva indekisi muna 1871. Paivawo itsva, yepamusoro mapatani ( "88", "89", "92" uye "94"), kufungisisa pfungwa kuvandudza hwounhu vanobva muchiuto. Pakupedzisira, vose kuchinja aya anoratidzwa wokupedzisira "Mauser" makore 71. Rakanga kupfuura hombe pfuti German Hondo Yenyika II.

History mosinskoy trehlineyki

Stalin akafunga zvikuru mberi, uye kuti akabhadhara kure. Michina muna USSR zvakagadzirwa 6 nguva kupfuura muNazi Germany (mamiriyoni matanhatu mumwe). Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti kwakajairika duku maoko pfungwa hazvibhadharwi. Vaiva Kugadzirwa itsva yokutevedzera, vakanga akaedzwa muhondo mamiriro (uye vakanga: Khalkhin Chinangwa, Karelian Isthmus), rinorondedzerwa zvakanakira nekuipira. Asi, oddly zvakakwana, chombo of Red Army yakanakisisa akaramba trehlineyka Mosina, yakavambwa paitonga. Zvakanga yakavimbika, nyore kugadzira uye siyana vanofara wemishonga kwazvo tactical uye michina Data pamwe zvivanakire pakugadzirisa.

Iye ane nhoroondo chaiko kare sixties remakore rapfuura. Zvadaro hondo Russian vaida mutsva maoko diki, uye dambudziko iri kutanga kugadziriswa unsystematically. Zvadaro, muna 1892, mumwe makwikwi zvakaziviswa umo mafaro, kundotsvaka kunobatsira uye makuru mirairo, makambani akawanda akatora chikamu: ". Nepfuti" yeAustria "Mannlicher" Danish "Kragh-Iorgensen" zveBelgium Handisi kugara parutivi uye Russian gunsmith S. I. Mosin. Pakupedzisira akakunda wechipfuwo mharidzo, kunyange zvayo magadzirirwo munyori aifanira kuchinja, nokukwereta kubva vakwikwidzi.

German Mauser carbine

Magadzirirwo Pfungwa kuguma XIX remakore armourers aishanda pamusoro chete negwara. Overview pfuti Gew.98 akazivisa zvishoma echimurenga ushingi. Ko kuti ruoko redunhu fiyuzi imwe itsva, uye pyatipatronny chitoro duku nokuda maviri-mutsara urongwa zvombo. Nenzira, inogona anaro zvinganaka kuwedzera mhosva nomwe kana kunyange gumi, asi mukuru mudonzvo yokuGermany vakasarudza kuti nani shanu. Mauser katuriji hama akasika yavo, kufudza kumusika pamwe "consumables", uye zvakare kuwedzera unhu hwavo (saizi 7,92 X 57). Sight bladed, akapa vane zvakawanda anosvika 2 km. Uye, chokwadi, mumwe bhayoneti rive cutlass, asi rinopawo mamwe marudzi.

Kana zita "pfuti", izvozvo akapotsa haana kushandura chinhu kunze nzira yacho ngaasungirire negomo.

patani Mosin

Structural characterization pakati ari Mosin pfuti yose haasi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva rondedzero German analogue. Caliber pamitsara mitatu (0,3 '') aiva Russian mwero dhiramu urefu (vanopfuura zana calibers). Achengetere bhokisi neotemny, pakukwanisa kwayo - cartridges mana. Recharging rinoitwa manually, ari shutter longitudinally zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mhando. Fiyuzi uri nyore chaizvo uye chepakutanga Russian: kuitira kudzivisa netsaona iyeye anofanira kudhonza chikungiso votendeuka akabatana kwayo, uye ipapo pomukuvadzi asingagoni yakarova lähikuva. Pamberi aiva zvakarurama calibration ndatenda mashomanana kuti ayo zvichibvira nzvimbo mbiri. Step mumwe chikero - 200 metres.

Special mashoko akakodzera ari bhayoneti, vakanga vakagadzirira nepfuti Soviet Hondo Yenyika II. Akanga ari mativi mana sandara-tip (rinogona kushandiswa sechinhu panguva disassembly). Zvakanga zvakaoma: maronda kukonzerwa pavo unopinza, pakarepo akabvuma, uye munyika ropa chakaitika. Russian faceted bhayoneti yakazopiwa wakarambidzwa dzakawanda.

Pashure 1939 mauto akasvika modernized Mosin pfuti, vaisiyana zvikabva Vamwe magadzirirwo features, zvisinei, vasingakoshi. Changed lozhevyh zvindori, nzira kutara bayonets uye ramrod, uye grading pakati pamberi akaita arşive.

Mune dzimwe nyika

Kwete mbiri huru anorwisana nyika, asi munyika vamwe nyika chokuita mhando otomatiki (zvino kunyanya kune submachine pfuti) vakanga vasingafariri. Rearmament zvaida mari yakakura, uye mugumisiro hapana aigona kufanoona. Hit kururama uye rakavimbika itsva yemashoko akamutsa kukahadzika, budiriro uye vachindiedza kunodiwa kuwedzera kudzivirira zvemari. Uyezve, zvaiva pachena kuti sezvo rebei mutoro akatakurirwa musoja achava kunyange mukuru, sezvo vose michina izvi regai dzakoromora vaitenderera. The kupfuura wandisa pfuti Hondo Yenyika II vakaitwa, kunze Soviet Union uye Germany, United States ( "Springfield" uye "Garand"), muUK ( "Lee-Enfield"), wokuItaly (Mk I № 4) uye Japan ( "Kusakabe") . Vose vane zvakanakira nekuipira, asi kazhinji, rakaratidza kuva chaizvo zvakaenzana. A chikuru Vakwikwidzi vaiva Soviet uye German gunsmiths.

Automatic ABC-36

Nepfuti nepfuti idzi dzinonzi nokuda hunde yavo maronda, kusika torque dziva somugumisiro ane yakatsauka duku kubva chipfuro. Weapons muzvinhu zvose zvakanaka, asi vakawanda ivhu sezvo Red Army uye Wehrmacht, aiva zvinokosha drawback - zvazvingava pasi. Mushure bara racho murwi aifanira vasataura bhaudhi kutumira mumwe mutariri mumba, uye zvakatora nguva inokosha. Pfuti 7,62 Simonov, vachigamuchira mukati 1936 gore, akanga zvikuru kunzwisisa ichienzaniswa trehlineykoy, chivakwa - nayo vavakatorera samovzvodom uchishanda propellant gasi simba. Mukuwedzera, tomu akamedura, achidzikisa zvakamubaya, anovandudza kururama kwakafanorongwa. Zvisinei, pasinei nezvose izvi zvakanaka, ari kutambisa zvombo zvinoshatisa kurwa unhu zvombo, uye amatura 15 inowedzera uremu cartridges. Command kurerekera kune mafungiro feasibility nokutsiva ABC-36 muenzaniso wakakwana.

Self-vachizvitakudza mugadziriro Tokarev SVT-38

Design Tokarev SVT-38 Semi-otomatiki mutsetse pamwe pfungwa pane imwe otomatiki pfuti. Tichienzanisa ABC-36 iye akafananidza zvakanaka zvikuru sighting chikuva, nani kudekara nazvo, asi zvinosuwisa wakanyanyisa yainetsa uye capricious. Zvikurukuru zvikanganiso izvi akazviratidza panguva yechando hondo kana kakawanda kukundikana yakaderera tembiricha. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei nokuti mharidzo akatorwa kubva kugadzirwa muna 1940, Tokarev SVT-38 akashanda mumakore hondo kuzorwa yechiFascist nechisimba. Vari kazhinji kushandiswa kana zvakarurama kunokosha kupfuura kuvimbika.

Next Design Tokarev SVT-40

Zvaunokanganisa mamiriro SVT-38 akanga zvishoma akabvisa inotevera womuenzaniso muna 1940. With kura uye kufuta vagadziri dzinorwiwa drilling makomba uye kudzamisa pamusoro kunobatanidza apo zvaibvira. SVT-40 ava kunyange nyore trehlineyki, asi muduku kune yemhando yepamusoro, vakawanda vaikoshesa varwi vake - mu rakavimbika. Uyezve, kushaya zvekushandisa chokudzidzisa vashandi vakawanda Red Army chaitadzisa nomazvo mabasa ose pfupi akaoma zvombo. Kururama kuri achikamhina. Asi kushandisa kwaakaita SVT-40 dziri chaidzo dzakabatana akagadzirirwa chaiwo vachiridzira. Iye Anokuudza kwete yakanakisisa mapfuranhunzi pfuti, asi zvikuru vakadzikama. Mumwe "hunde" ine hunhu waro, uye hunhu, uye kana shooter akanga ane mano, akanga nokukurumidza szhivaetsya dzavo dzokurwa, kuchinja uye kubudirira nemigumisiro yakanaka.

Semiautomatic AVT-40

muchina Kugadzirwa iri anodhura pane pfuti. Hondo isati yatanga, uye pakutanga zvakanga zvakakosha zvikuru, saka Tokarev akaita muchinjikwa uye sezvo zvaiita yakanakisisa. Fighter, aine pfuti AVT-40 aigona moto kwepfuti kuroorwa uye watsemuka. The chitoro raiva vaitenderera gumi. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi zvakava pachena kuti mugamuchiri haagoni kukunda refu kuvhunduka uye moto kwaita kurambidzwa. The chikuru mukana mharidzo zvakazoonekwa kuti kusingabatsiri, uye vose zvimwe zviratidzo dzokuenzanisira akabudisa pfuti Mosin.

Zvombo Soviet nemasoja akavanda ...

Pane chikamu zvidiki, iyo drafting iyo zvose zvatinosiita unhu hombe ivhu sidelined. The chikuru Chinangwa akagadzira ndiro rekuona kugona kuwana museve kure rworudyi pamusoro chipfuro. Kururama ndicho chinonyanya kukosha. Soviet mapfuranhunzi nepfuti Hondo Yenyika II vakaitwa zviviri hurongwa huru. Muna 1931, zvose zvakafanana mosinskaya trehlineyka, ane zvishoma dzakachinjwa vharafu mubato, uye yaakaita chaiwo unhu kirasi, akagamuchira Manyiminya kuona. Externally, zvakasiyana yepakutanga nemamiriro mukuti shutter chokumisa payo hunotaura downwards, pane mudenga muna tendero unyanzvi.

Soviet mapfuranhunzi nepfuti kubva muHondo Yenyika II SVT-40 pamusoro apa. It chete unoramba kuwedzera kuti gadzira vavo kupfuura rwekushanda nesimbi zvakarurama uye, chokwadi, zvayakaita envisaged chikomboredzo nokuda optics.

... uye German

Pakutanga muhondo yacho mberi vaNazi vaigona akakunda zvinokosha mumatanda zvombo Soviet. Havana kukundikana kutora mukana kwavo. Somugumisiro, vakawanda nepfuti Soviet Hondo Yenyika II, kusanganisira mapfuranhunzi, akagamuchira Wehrmacht. Pasinei nyore design, vakanga zvikuru akaonga nomuvengi, uyo kusvikira 1942 haana riwanikwe zvemberi mazano. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapfuranhunzi nepfuti Zf.Kar.98k, rinomiririra zvakawanda yepamusoro "Mauser" muna 1898, uye vamwe akapamba zviyero, kare parumananzombe vakatora nyika (neCzechoslovakia, France, Belgium, etc.). Very kuziva kuedza kuumba vakaberekwa pfuti uye mapfuranhunzi zvombo. Magadzirirwo unonzi Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 (pfuti nokuda parachutist). Vamwe vanachiremba vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti zvakanakisisa mapfuranhunzi pfuti. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo yaiva kupfuura ano kukura uye akaita chete mune vepamusoro vamapoka paratroopers uye SS.

pashure pehondo,

Pari pose otomatiki nepfuti chakatsiva pfuti. Zvino, mumwe akapfura chete nemasoja akavanda. Rakajairika inokosha zvombo mune yaimbova nzvimbo Soviet uye mberi nayo inoramba nhasi Dragunov pfuti, yakagadzirirwa muna 1963. Chikonzero chacho mukurumbira ndizvo kuti maoko zvose Russian. Hazvina vane mwero, yakavimbika, panongova chipa uye ane unhu hwakaisvonaka. Pamasikiro PRS anosanganisa yakanakisisa unhu vapiwe mapfuranhunzi nepfuti Hondo Yenyika II, kunyanya Soviet. mazano akawanda, yakagadzirwa kana nani ari 30s uye 40s, zvave kushandiswa kwayo zano.

A tichienzanisa American ishamwari M24, Pakutanga, kunoratidza ukuru American mharidzo. A mukuru pamwero zvakarurama akanga kubudirira mhiri kwemakungwa mainjiniya, kushandisa danho rifling 320 mm. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti zvinoitika kuti kusiyana naye Dragunov pfuti pose uye anogona moto mhando dzose zvombo, kusanganisira dzokurwa kuboora incendiary. Panguva oparesheni pane zviitiko apo SVD kunyange vakakwanisa kupfura pasi ndege, kusanganisira zvakaoma kwakadaro kuvakunda sezvo UAVs, helicopters uye ndege kurwiswa ndege.