PIRANHA hove: tsananguro uye mapikicha

Piranhas - zvikara kubva anotyisa uye kutyisa nyaya, diki asi veropa vagari Amazon mvura uye zvimwe nenzizi South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina). Uye zvatinoziva pamusoro pavo? Zvichida chinhu. Pashure pezvose, ruzivo hakugumiri marudzi mumwe chete - red-bellied PIRANHA, izvo chichiwanikwa zita zvakaipa.

Zvinoita sokuti PIRANHA hove?

mhuri PIRANHA ane zvishoma kupfuura 60 mhando hove. Uye, oddly zvakakwana, vakawanda vavo - the herbivores, ivo vanenge havadyi mhuka zvokudya. Dimensions kuvimba mhando piranhas, Mbeswa kazhinji kusvika masendimita 30, uye avo hama-vegetarians angawana chinokosha uremu uye kukura kupfuura imwe mita pakureba. Makara zvakare novimba mhando, asi kunyanya sirivha-kuchena, asi nezera nayo rinokwidibira. The muviri Maumbirwe rhomboid uye yakakwirira, laterally compressed. Mukuru zvokudya zvikara - siyana Freshwater hove, piranhas anogona kudya uye mhuka kana shiri, izvo zvinowanikwa munzira. For herbivores howa Amazon yaro rechibharo zviwande zvinomera zvakasiyana, tisinganyadziswi hove idzi uye nzungu, mbeu, kuwira mumvura.

shaya mamiriro

To PIRANHA kunoratidzwa zvinoshamisa nemamiriro shaya midziyo, zvichida risingaenzaniswi zvakasikwa. Inoshandiswawo vose yakanakisisa mashoko. Mazino ane mativi chimiro uye kukura 4-5 mm ndiro uye unopinza sechisvo chipande, akakotama nechomukati zvishoma. Izvi dzinovabvumira nyore kucheka nyama akuvara, kubvisa nhindi dzenyama. Uyezve, okumusoro meno zvakakwana kupinda sinus apo nokuvhara shaya, kutanga kumanikidza simba. chinhu ichi zvinoita PIRANHA ikaruma mafupa. Kana nokuvhara shaya dzakavharika akafanana musungo. Maererano achangopfuura tsvakurudzo masayendisiti, kuruma simba 320 Newtons, uye asina kwakafanana mhuka nyika. PIRANHA shaya angatidzvinyirira kuburikidza kuruma, vanenge 30 nguva yaro uremu.

Inogarwa piranhas?

Ndicho vagari Freshwater muSouth America. Amazon inonyanya cheshanu yakachena mvura, rwizi izere nehove siyana. Piranhas anogara rose kureba rwizi uye nyaya ngano zhinji uye ngano vemo. The floodplain rerwizi anopindura mundima huru, hombe chikamu chomumwe Brazil, asi vamwe pane kuti, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia uye Peru. Piranhas kunzwa zvakanaka uye mune dzimwe nzizi, areolas nzvimbo dzavo munharaunda yacho South American riri guru kwazvo.

Munguva ichangopfuura, zvava hove dzakakurumbira chaizvo Pakuzvichengeta musha uye maberekero. PIRANHA ari akwariyamu kukura zvishoma pane saizi kwese kwake dzinongoitika nharaunda, uye vamwe vanorasikirwa sehasha yavo. Zvinoshamisa, pamwe akadaro ngozi chitarisiko, ivo vari namahwindo nzvimbo vanotya uye kazhinji chakavigwa muna chakagadzirwa matumba.

All piranhas hove zvakabatana imwe mhuri uye vakakamurwa maererano zoological kupatsanura kupinda subfamilies matatu.

subfamily kuti myelin

Myelin - chikuru boka, izvozvo unotora nomwe genera uye 32 marudzi. Hazvina herbivorous uye zvachose chisingakuvadzi piranhas (ona mufananidzo). Fish chikafu chirimwa zvokudya. Makara iri dzaisiyana, zvichienderana mhando. muviri chimiro maitiro, laterally compressed uye yakakwirira. In vaduku vanhu dziberekane zvesirivha simbi, pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana mottling kuti kukura rima chokoreti kusvikira vhudzi. Sizes siyana 10 kusvika 20 masendimita. nhengo dzakawanda subfamily ichi vari akaberekwa muna aquariums. Vanofanira guru vhoriyamu remvura uye nzvimbo yakakwana kuviga, sezvazvakaita hove zvikuru nyara. Aquarium of PIRANHA subfamily myelin uchanzwa zvakanaka kana mvura tembiricha 23-28 madhigirii, uye kudya zuva inofanira kusanganisira lettuce, makabheji, sipinachi, pizi mimwe miriwo. Dzimwe dziri dzomusango kudya kunyange nzungu, anotsemura nyore ayo simba shaya dzakasimba nevamwe.

Black pacu - chakajeka mumiririri myelin

Black pacu (kana Amazon shirokotel), yakakurumbira zvikuru mumiririri subfamily pakati myelin. Mukuwedzera, uyewo kupfuura: kukura anosiyana kubva masendimita 30 kusvika mita imwe uye zvakawanda, nokuti zvose kuti haasi chinorura. Makara vakuru zvikuru mwero, mashava mashava, asi musikana ane sirivha ruvara yakawanda yenzvimbo zvose pamusoro muviri wangu uye mavara zvimbi. Meat Black puck ane zvakanaka kunaka uye rinoshandiswa dzomunyika nevagari. piranhas A hove. Aquarium ezvinhu naivowo, vano- yakakodzera, asi ukuru hove zvichava zvishoma shoma pane zvakasikwa, avhareji masendimita anenge 30, upenyu hupfupi - mukati mumakore 10 kana zvakadaro. Zviri ichi mhando kunoda tangi guru (200 litres) uye kutarisirwa zvakanaka.

subfamily Katoprioniny

subfamily ichi chinomiririrwa mumwe chete mhando - a PIRANHA mureza. Hove rakanyatsojeka chisingakuvadzi uye tiri poluparazitichesky nemararamiro, zvokudya zvavo chikuru - nayo anorwisa dzimwe hove, kunyange chimiro izvi mvura vanogara rakanyatsojeka zvinotyisa, uye havasi muduku kwokuomerwa zvavo Mbeswa dzomuzana. Form mureza piranhas nedhaimani-zvakaumbwa, flattened laterally. Color anorwisa - ndachena rwegirini ane silvery Sheen. A nevamwe chinhu ndiyo kuvapo dzvuku nzvimbo pamusoro Gill cover. Okupedzisira mwaranzi ari nekunobuda netsvina uye dorsal zvimbi zvikuru elongated, apo muswe - Mudzi dema ruvara. Sizes zvidiki, chete cherata 10-15.

hove ichi, sezvinoita PIRANHA zvakafanana uye yepedyo wayo, kunyanya zvokudya (60%) ane muti chikafu, uye 40 chete% ndivo hove duku. Asi rambai kuchiri inofanira kuva vakaparadzana nemamwe hove, kana vashomashoma kudyiwa, uye zvikuru ngozi akasiya kuitwa pamwe hunenge zvimbi pamwe pasina pachikero. Sezvo mhuka zvokudya zvinogona kushandiswa kuti shrimp diki kana hove, earthworms, uye chirimwa - Mashizha sipinachi, lettuce, rukato nezvimwe miriwo.

subfamily Serrasalminy

Ava ndivo vadzvinyiriri zvikara, subfamily chinomiririrwa genus mumwe chete uye 25 marudzi. Vose Tidzidze mhuka zvokudya: hove, mhuka, shiri. PIRANHA subfamily Serrasalmina saizi inogona kusvika kusvika masendimita 80, richisvika huremu 1 kg. Izvi ngozi chaiyo mhuka (tisingatauri hove), izvo kukura vanogona akapfuudza kwavari kanoverengeka, asi izvi hazvirevi kumisa PIRANHA. View pazvikara duku here chaityisa: rezasi rushaya dzinokwanisa makabuda mberi uye zvishoma wakakokonyara zvichikwira, maziso bulging, vakagumisa chinoratidza sandara chimiro muviri. Mvura vanosarudza kuchengeta zvipfuyo, asi kurwiswa munhu chiito pasina mumwe, saka haugoni kuti ichi cohesive boka hove. Piranhas vakaitei sangano iri mvura, Kunokwezva pfungwa dzavo. Kana mumwe wavo ndiye munhu, nzvimbo pakarepo anodirana kuti zororo. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa vaidavira zoologists kuti piranhas kubereka ruzha, nokudaro achitumira mashoko mumwe. Boka piranhas anogona kwemaminitsi mashoma kusiya mhuka oga pfupa.

Information nezvokuti vanokwanisa kunzwa ropa ari kure akuvara, - chokwadi. PIRANHA hove vanogara zvakawanda zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa mvura Amazon, uye ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti vaifanira kuchinja kuti zvinhu varombo maonero somugumisiro - netsime kunyatsobudirira kunhuhwidza. Piranhas zvechokwadi zvaunoswedera ropa, icho chiratidzo pamusoro chitarisiko rechipfuwo.

Mukuwedzera, ivo havazvidzi zvakaora uye kunyange hama dzavo kurwara kana simba. Nokuti mhuka uye vanhu vanomiririra nengozi chaiyo kwazvakaita mashomanana.

dzvuku bellied PIRANHA

Mumiriri dzakakurumbira, pakavakirwa handiregi kutaura - ichi dzvuku bellied PIRANHA. Kureba munhu uyu kwemarudzi vanogona kusvika kusvika masendimita 30, asi kunyanya ndivo kukura yemichindwe kwevanhu. Munhuwo PIRANHA (mufananidzo hove pazasi) vane greenish-sirivha ruvara ane muzvizhinji rima makwapa ose pamusoro muviri, pamusoro mudumbu ari chikero ane maitiro vaaleanpunainen tinge. Yavanogara namapoka anenge zana vanhu.

Makore achangopfuura, uye musha mukati dzakakurumbira chaizvo dzvuku bellied PIRANHA. Aquarium ezvinhu inobatsira kuti kwakaderera sehasha. Asi akwariyamu vachiri kuda unoparadzanisa.

dema PIRANHA

Ichi chimwe maonero kubva subfamily Serrasalminy, zvakajairika chaizvo zvakasikwa uye dzakakurumbira mudzimba maberekero. Habitat - rwizi Amazon uye Orinoco. The muviri Maumbirwe rhomboid, uye ruvara riri rima, dema uye sirivha. Mukomana dumbu hove iri tsvuku. Black PIRANHA - omnivorous chikara mune zvokudya zvose zvakanaka; hove, arthropods, netsaona ndokuwira mumvura imwe shiri kana chipfuwo. Izvi kupata zvokudya uye zvakazoita kuti vashoma yakakwirira zvavo zvakawanda muna Amazon mumvura. Kunyange zvazvo hasha kutarisa muduku zvakafanana dzvuku-bellied PIRANHA. Aquarium hove inoda huru, vanopfuura 300 litres. Kunzwisisa iri kurima hasha PIRANHA pachinhu mumwe. Kubereka zvinogoneka kana akwariyamu mhuri kudya zvakanaka, nokuti vakafutisa zhinji mhuka zvokudya, izvo zvinogona kuva zvinokosha chipinganidzo kuti chidzoke wevana. In mufananidzo - nhema PIRANHA.

Nhema Mumwe: PIRANHA Kurwisa murume

Kutonga oga rakaoma, nokuti mashoko zvikuru dzinopesana. Masayendisiti akawanda uye zoologists, uyo vakapedzera Amazon kupfuura gore, haana vakapupurira kuti kurwisa, mukuwedzera, ivo pachavo, achifumura pachavo ngozi nokuda kuedza, akavashambidza mune zvakawanda zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa pemvura yorwizi, apo kwemaminitsi mashomanana tisati takwira piranhas, asi kurwisa havasi akatevera.

Kwenguva refu nguva kunzwa yaiva nyaya bhazi pamwe veko, uyo akabviswa mumwe mutero kuna Amazon, vakatakurwa vose sezvariri akadyiwa piranhas. History chaizvoizvo kwakaitika 70s remakore rapfuura, 39 mubhazi vakaurayiwa, asi mumwe akakwanisa kutiza. Maererano zvakaona, mitumbi nezvibayiro 'vakanga zvechokwadi dzaparadzwa piranhas zvikuru. Asi kutonga kana kwaiva kurwisa uye kana iri kukonzera rufu, hazvibviri.

Kune zvakavimbika manyuko ikaruma pamusoro mahombekombe kuArgentina apo kurwisa rehove wokutanga. Asi izvi zvoga zviitiko. Zoologists tsanangura ichi nokutaura kuti PIRANHA, izvo kuita kuti pave chete rinotanga kureba pamahombekombe mwaka, kuvaka matendere mumvura isina kudzika. Naizvozvo, kwakadaro maitiro hove rakanyatsojeka chaivo; inokuchengetedza vaduku vavo.

Uyezve, piranhas ndivo kupfuura ngozi vanhu nemhuka panguva kwemvura, apo mvura pamwero nomunzizi iri shoma zvayo, izvo zvinokanganisa kudya kwavo: kudya kunova zvishoma. The veko vanoziva izvi uye usapinda rwizi panguva ino. The zvikuru anonzi mwaka kuchinaya, kana kudonha erwizi.

Nhema Two: PIRANHA kurwiswa packs it

Stories pamusoro zvinotyisa kurwisa yose yakatarwa yaJehovha rongedza, zviri zvose kudziyirwa vakakwira dzakawanda chinhu mafirimu. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu huru regai famba kundotsvaka chakaurawa murwizi, vakamira panzvimbo imwe, kazhinji zviri kudzika mvura. Hove anomirira chayabata, uye pamunongopinda akuvara rinowanika, kuti PIRANHA rwunotumirwa zvakanaka nzvimbo. Nokukwezvwa ruzha uye munhuwi ropa, kumhanya uye nevamwe. Piranhas vanonamata kwete kunovhima chayabata uye kudzivirira kubva muvengi - sezvo masayendisiti akawanda vanotenda. Zvaizoratidza sokuti munhu anogona kuvakuvadza? Zvisinei, muvengi ane kunyange hove dzinodya dzimwe. PIRANHA, dzakaungana makwai, akadzivirira nokuda rwizi Dolphins, izvo mufudzi pamusoro pavo, uye havana isingakuvadzi uye noushamwari chaizvo kuti vanhu. Uyezve, pakati dzinongoitika vavengi PIRANHA - arapaima uye caimans. Chokutanga - hove huru, iyo anonzi anenge chipenyu Zvisaririra. With zvinoshamisa, rinorema-basa zviyero, rinomiririra kutyisidzira chaiyo piranhas. Fish, yokuvamba singly, pakarepo kurohwa pamusoro arapaima. Caiman - duku yokuzviparadzanisa kuti vamiririri makarwe. Zoologists wakaona kuti panongopera kwakaderedza nhamba caimans, pakarepo kunowedzera nhamba piranhas murwizi.

Nhema vatatu: piranhas kuoneka pamvura Russian

Zviitiko chaizvoizvo kwakaitika kuti, asi pamusana hanya maitiro kana vanoda hove akwariyamu, kana kumhanya ndeimwewo kupinda mudhamu. Chero zvazvingava, kufunganya maturo. Kunyange zvazvo piranhas uye zvakakwana zvinoenderana chero mamiriro, chikuru chinhu avo vakabudirira kuvapo inoramba chete - inodziya okunze uye mvura (pakati 24-27 madhigirii), izvo nyika yedu hazvibviri.

Chokwadi, ichi hove dzinodya dzimwe. Piranhas vane ngozi uye makaro zvikuru, asi vachiri nyaya navo kakawanda glossed pamusoro uye kure Hadzisi. Runodiwa vokuAmerica akadzidza kuti vagare piranhas uye kunyange ndokuvaitira chipfuro marudzi. Nature haana kusika chinhu maturo; kana mapere - nayo orderlies masango, kuti piranhas kuita zvakafanana mashandiro mumiviri mvura.