Polovtsian - a ... Tsvaga kuti Cumans

It yagara vaidavira kuti Polovtsian - ndiye muvengi Russian nyika, sezvo nhengo yorudzi urwu ukaonekwa vakawanda vachirwisa panyika nyika yedu. Zvisinei, vanyori vezvakaitika kare dzinozivikanwa Zvikamu muvakidzani ariko Polovtsian madzinza uye Slavs, uyewo avo kwemajoini kurwisa, Somuenzaniso, Hungarians, ivo Volga Bulgars, eMongolia uye vamwe. Material uchapupu, pachena zvakavanzika ichi anongofamba rudzi, inoramba zvikuru duku, asi vanogona kushandiswa chamber chepakuvamba nhoroondo yacho Polovtsian vanhu.

Madzitateguru Polovtsian vaiva Chinese?

Zvinoreva "Polovtsian" mumutauro wekare unoratidza kuti Slavs akadana sezvo vanhu kana abva steppes (kubva pashoko "munda"), kana aiva yellowish tinge kuti ganda (kubva pashoko "polov" - "tsvuku").

Zvechokwadi, madzitateguru zvaiva Polovtsian muArabhu kurarama steppes pakati Eastern Tiến Shan uye Mongolian Altai, iyo Chinese rinonzi People Seyanto. In iyoyo paiva mamiriro yekare, makasimbiswa muna 630, izvo, zvisinei, akanga nokukurumidza zvinoparadzwa Uighurs uye Chinese pamwe chete. Pashure vagari vomunzvimbo idzi dzakanga yatsiviwa Generic zita "Syrah" kuti "Kipchaks", iro rinoreva "rombo rakaipa, anotambudzika," uye akaenda Irtysh uye kumabvazuva steppes of Kazakhstan.

Dudziro rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore uye maonero Sakharov

Zvinoreva uye kududzirwa kweshoko "Polovtsian" uyewo zvichishandurwa nevamwe vanamazvikokota sezvo zvakaitika kubva pashoko "hove", izvo zvinoreva pakabva (mupfungwa pfuma uye vanhu), uyewo shoko "zvizere" - ratorwa, vakatorwa mumiriri apo Slavs.

Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore (zvikurukuru E. uye A. Skrizhinskaya Kunik) zita rairatidza nemidzi vemadzinza aya "pol" zvinoreva hafu. Sezvo kumusoro, vatsvakurudzi vaifungidzira, vagari venyika Kiev yekare, riri kurudyi kumahombekombe Dnieper, akadana muArabhu, vaibva mhiri koRwizi, "pamwe pasi yaro." Academician Dmitry Likhachev kazhinji vaiona yose yaida shanduro sabatsira. Akafunga kuti chakavanzika kwakabva zita rudzi urwu haangatongovi kugadziriswa, sezvo Kipchak-Cumans akasiya shoma uwandu pachake magwaro akanyorwa.

Cumans - ichi hachisi chakaparadzana rudzi

Nhasi, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti Polovtsian - mumiririri conglomeration rwamarudzi anongofamba, uye mashoko aya anotaura zviri chokwadi kuti regumi remakore AD Kipchak vanhu vakanga aizokundwa Mongol nemadzinza kumosi-Kimaks, uye ipapo akatamira kumavirira, pamwe vamiririri Mongoloid amarudzi - Kidane. By pakuguma thirties regumi remakore, muunganidzwa ichi marudzi vavamba steppes pakati Volga uye Irtysh uye vakasvika kumuganhu Old Russian mamiriro.

vanhu "Yellow" akasvika kumiganhu Russia

About kuti Cumans mumaonero nhoroondo Russian vhidhiyo kokutanga akapa tsanangudzo Hypation Chronicle muna 1055. Maererano chinyorwa ichi, kusvikira kumiganhu umambo Pereslavsky vanhu vakauya "rakajeka tsvuku", izvo akabvumira kuti kuvapa Kipchaks uye madzinza Mongoloid Generic zita "Cumans".

Vatsva vanhu vakagara muGungwa Azov, panguva Lower Don uye North, uko vakawana ibwe "mukadzi", iyo, sezvo masayendisiti anodavira, madzinza anongofamba yakasimbiswa pakuyeuka yemadzitateguru.

Ndivanaani Cumans nguva kubva nemaonero dzidziso dzechitendero? Zvinofungidzirwa kuti svikiro iri pakutanga kwaiitwa anongofamba chitendero madzitateguru, izvo rakatangwa nokuzvisarudzira ibwe zvivezwa migove dzakakwirira inowanzorimwa, watersheds chaihwo tsvene. Muchiitiko chino, zvakananga kuvigwa havana pedyo nguva dzose. The Polovtsian Makuva kazhinji akawedzera kuvigwa wemufi, pamwe neimba zvinhu uye chitunha (stuffed) bhiza rehondo ake.

zviuru zviviri ibwe zvifananidzo uye risingamboshandisi kunyora

Pamusoro pamarinda vakakurumbira vanhu maererano nezvinodiwa Polovtsian Barrow. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, apo vechiMuslim akakunda Kipchaks, zvivako chikamu vechihedheni zvakaparadzwa. Pari, nharaunda Russia ano vakaramba dombo "vakadzi" anenge 2000 (kubva "balbal" - "tateguru"), izvo zvichiri kukosheswa simba kuwedzera kuorera panyika, kudzorerwa zvakasikwa. Zvivako izvi achiripo kwemazana emakore, kusanganisira nguva zvechiKristu Polovtsian. Vahedheni, vaMuslim, vaKristu - ndizvozvo kuti Cumans dzakasiyana nguva kukura yakatarwa iyi vanhu.

Ndivo museve kupfurwa pasi shiri pamusoro nhunzi

Pashure dziri kumabvazuva steppes European ari XI remakore BC Cumans haana kurega munzvimbo uye akaramba kugadzirisa mberi, vabatsirike izvi zvakakonzerwa kuvapo motokari kwakadaro simba panguva, sebhiza, uye zvombo zvakanaka muchimiro uta.

Polovtsian - iri pakutanga ari murwi. Vana marudzi aya kubva pauduku vakadzidzisa horsemanship uye kurwisana mitoo kuti gare gare vakanga akasvika koshuna - anopamba kubva chete genus. In koshun ungaisanganisira hwakawanda vanhu, kana zvitatu kana mazana mana, izvo akarwisa muvengi sezvinoita aval, akanga akapoteredzwa mhete yake uye akafukidza nemiseve. Kunze slozhnosostavnyh zvazviri akura panguva iyoyo aiva uta Polovtsi sabers, mapanga, mapfumo. Vaiva zvombo muchimiro rectangular mahwendefa esimbi. umhare hwavo akanga akakwirira kuti zvizere kurereka kubva uta mutasvi aigona kupfura pasi kubhururuka shiri chero.

Camp chitofu pasi Chigaro ...

Ndivanaani Cumans maererano nemararamiro avo? marudzi idzi dzaiva dzokufananidzira anongofamba, vane mwero chaizvo, kunyange maererano nemitemo iyoyo. Pakutanga vaigara nomungoro dzine kana akanzwa matende, kudya mukaka, chizi uye mbishi nyama, izvo dzinopomhodza pasi Chigaro bhiza. Of vachirwisa vakauya chakapambwa uye vatapwa, zvishoma nezvishoma kutora pamusoro kubva dzimwe tsika ruzivo, tsika uye tsika. Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva shoko harisi chaiyo tsanangudzo zvinoreva Polovtsian, ruzivo pachako marudzi mazhinji iyoyo.

Tevedzera tsika dzechinyakare Polovtsy wakabva munhu sezvo anongofamba Kipchak regumi namaviri remakore yakasvika Ciscaucasian steppes (iri p. Sunzha zvazvingava akanga Polovtsian khans), akashanya muna Pomorie, Surozh uye Korsun, Pomorie, Tmutarakani atadza dzinokwana vanenge 46 vachirwisa Rus, izvo kazhinji akahwina, asi pakanga vakundwa. Zvikurukuru, kumativi 1100 BC vanenge zviuru 45 Kipchaks vakadzingwa Rusichi munyika yechiGeorgian panyika, iyo hwakakanyiwa vemo vakawanda.

Polovtsian tsika kurasikirwa zvose uye vose akabatwa ruoko, zvakakonzera kuti kune imwe nguva anongofamba avanhu zvakadzidza dzimba nokuti chando, apo kunyange vakanga vakagadzirira muvira akafanana Russian kudziyisa zvinhu. Chinyakare nedehwe nguo dzakanga akashongedzwa RIBBONS pamusoro maoko avo, kufanana Byzantine vanokudzwa, pakati pamarudzi paiva zviratidzo sangano.

Polovtsian umambo haana zvishoma European

Pakazosvika nguva kukunda Mongol-wechiTatar mauto ari Polovtsian mhirizhonga XIII remakore wake sangano, yakasimba yaiva Don uye Dniester. Mumazuva iwayo, Polovtsian - mumiririri vanhu vaigara munzvimbo akafanana pakukura ushe European. Izvi quasi inotungamirwa zvaikanganisa ndima chengoro nzira "kubva Varangians kuvaGiriki", akaita pamusoro vakaparadzana incursions Rus vaishingaira asati uye 90s ari wegumi remakore, pakwakanga kipchaki vachirwa kunyanya squads Russian panguva mezhknyazheskih hondo.

Saka tinogona kupindura sei mubvunzo wokuti ndiani ari Cumans? inogona akagumisa kare, kuti vanhu ava, pasinei zvimwe chinyakare, akaita basa rinokosha kuumba enyika mepu kwenyika panguva iyoyo uye mune nokuumbwa vemunyika dzakasiyana, kusanganisira nhasi.