Postal History: kubva hwemwana hunokura kakapetwa katatu kuti e-mail. Njivavarungu pambiru. Postcards. tsamba

Vanhu nguva dzose vanoda kuchinjana ruzivo. Ndokusaka mabha- nhoroondo yakatanga kare kusati kwatombova kunyora uye tsamba zvaizivikanwa murume ano. Munguva dzekare, nokuti nokupfuuridzirwa nhau izwi rakashandiswa. Nzira iyi akaramba dzimwe nzvimbo kusvikira Middle Ages. Somuenzaniso, muna Inca Empire emakore akawanda, paiva vamhanyi-criers vanoparadzira mashoko guru, kungopembera nyika kuburikidza richikurukura mapazi monyoroka. Gare gare, vaishandisa tsamba knotted, sezvamakaropafadzwa mutakuri mashoko aiva netambo uye shinda.

mahwendefa ecuneiform

The Hurongwa rokutanga achinyora dzekare pfungwa shoko - ecuneiform. Nezvechitarisiko ayo anenge 3 zviuru zvemakore BC. e. Nhoroondo mabha- rwakamuita kuvandudza. ZveCuneiform rakapararira pakati pavanhu vekare Mesopotamia: sevaSumer, Akkadians, vaBhabhironi, vaHiti.

Tsamba vakaratidza remuti chimuti pamahwendefa evhu, ivhu apo zvichachengetwawo softness kwayo. Nokuda chaiyo unhu chokushandisa achikanganisa akasimuka shtrishki. Mahamvuropu nokuti tsamba dzakadai nevhu. Kuti kuverenga mashoko, mugamuchiri anenge aifanira kuputsa "mashoko pasuru."

Nhoroondo yekare simbi kwenguva refu nguva akaramba rakapotsa USINGAZIKAMWI. nomupiro Great kuti kudzidza raita pamukova raibhurari mambo wokupedzisira mukuru reAsiriya naAshurbhanipari, aitonga VII. BC. e. On mirairo yake, kuti negadziriro yeparutivi yakaitwa kubva 25,000 evhu. Pakati magwaro ecuneiform akanga sezvo hurumende magwaro uye mwero tsamba. The raibhurari yakavhurwa ari XIX remakore. Nokuda rakasiyana kuwanikwa angapedza achiongorora zvaive kujeka vashanduri pamberi ecuneiform.

Anoshongwa uye vanodhirowa

Huron Indian rudzi zvakaipa pamwe marozari zvemabhomba. Vari strung pamusoro shinda, uye saka akamuka tsamba yose. ndiro rimwe nerimwe akanga mumwe ruvara. Black aireva rufu, tsvuku - hondo, yellow - .. Tribute, etc. Kugona kuverenga mabhandi izvi yechitema kwainzi ropafadzo uye uchenjeri.

Postal nhoroondo kwakaitika uye "mifananidzo" danho. Asati kunyora tsamba, vanhu vakadzidza kuzochera. Rock kupenda yekare, mienzaniso nhasi inowanikwa kure mumapako, ndiko mhando simbi vo, kunanga munhu ano nzvimbo kwezvizvarwa. Language avaiita uye nyora zvichiri vakachengetedzwa muna yoga madzinza vokuPolynesia.

Alphabet uye gungwa tsamba

Its yakasiyana Tsika kunyora rakanga nevaIjipiti vekare. Uyezve, zvave yakataurwa njivavarungu pambiru. Kuti uchatamisa vaIjipiti vaishandisa yekare ruzivo. Ndoda kuzivikanwa ndechokuti rudzi urwu wakasika kumumvuri earufabheti wokutanga. Pakati zhinji vatambi, nhamba vaiva vatambi, wokushandura ekuteerera (kwaiva 24).

Mune ramangwana, nheyo encryption yakatanga zvimwe vanhu East yekare. Yakakodzera arufabheti rokutanga vaiona arufabheti, yakabuda muguta Ugarit riri munharaunda weSiria ano kumativi XV remakore. BC. e. Zvadaro, yakafanana hurongwa yapararira kune dzimwe mitauro oukuru.

arufabheti Its raiva vokuFenikiya. Izvi mushambadzi vanhu vari inozivikanwa unyanzvi Vavaki vengarava. Vezvikepe hurukuro tsamba ari dzakawanda dzaitongwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana Mediterranean. Pahwaro reFenikiya arufabheti yakatanga chiAramaiki uye chiGiriki bumbiro, kubva uko kwakatanga zvinenge zvose ano kunyora hurongwa.

angarum

Angarum - vekare vokuPezhiya mabha- basa, makasimba Achaemenid Empire muna VI. BC. e. It chigaro mambo waro Koreshi II Mukuru. Asati kuti tsamba kubva kune mumwe mugumo wenyika ehurumende mumwe aigona kutora mwedzi chisingazivi aenderane zviremera.

Mumazuva naKoreshi akazviratidza hangars (vakadanwa saka bhiza dzaitakura). Post cheefa iyoyo vakapa vakatanga wokutanga nemauto tsamba, huripo nhasi. The chakarebesa mugwagwa angarum akamhanya achibva Susa kuna Sadhisi, uye kureba kwaro ndiko 2,500 makiromita. Huge nzira yakakamurwa mumazana nhepfenyuro apo mabhiza akanga achinja uye dzaitakura. With ichi vakarongeka maitiro madzimambo ePezhiya miganhu akatamisa mirairo ake machinda vari pamativi eumambo hwacho kure kwazvo.

Apo Koreshi II kwakaita akatsiva Dhariyasi I Kings Highway, riri kuisa unhu zvokuti yakakwirira kuti muenzaniso sangano rayo (uye kazhinji angarum) ari mamiriro yaingoda Aleksandr Makedonsky, eRoma, uye kunyange Charles I, uyo akatonga Ages vechiFrank Empire ari IX remakore yakavakwa.

The neyechiRoma

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, tsamba Roman uye mabha- nhoroondo zvikuru kufanana muPezhiya. MuRepublic, uye gare gare muna Empire avapo yakafanana paruzhinji uye pasiri mameseji gadziriro. The yokupedzisira kwaibva nezvebasa vakawanda nhume, uyo veawa (kana kushandiswa sevaranda) akapfuma patricians.

At kukwirira kwayo hweRoma akafukidza mundima huru iri zvikamu zvitatu zvenyika. Rimwe chete richikurukura mapazi Migwagwa atova I remakore AD, zvakanga njodzi kutumira tsamba kubva Siriya kuSpain kana kubva muIjipiti kusvikira Gaul. Small chiteshi, kwandaipinda bhiza, kunge vakaronga kure anoverengeka makiromita. Mabhokisi yaitakurwa nhume pamabhiza, kushandiswa mukwende zvingoro.

Kupfuura nokukurumidza uye inobudirira hurumende romukova yakanga iripo chete pamutemo tsamba. Gare gare vakatanga kuva mutemo anokosha mvumo yokushandisa wegadziriro vaifamba vakuru nevapristi dzechiKristu. State muchengeti pambiru pedyo Kesari wevarindi, uye kubva IV remakore - Mudzidzisi officiorum.

Ages Europe

Pashure pokuwa hweRoma hwekare tsamba hurongwa yakadhirika. Posts simbi akakumikidza nezvinetso zvikuru. Kudziviswa muganhu, kushaya migwagwa uye hanya, mhosva uye kunyangarika nechepakati simba rimwe chete. Mail shoko rava kuipa pamwe kwaita feudalism. Varidzi Large kazhinji akamurairawo yakakura mari yokufamba pamusoro munharaunda yayo, ndiro zvikuru kunzwisisa mashandiro dzaitakura.

The chete kunyange zvishoma centralized sangano muEurope mukuvamba yeMiddle Ages, chechi akaramba. Dzemamongi, mumaraibhurari, machechi uye okutarisira miviri vanoda vari kugara kuchinjana kwemashoko ari huru dzakawanda ichiparara enyika Europe. Nokuti sangano iri tsamba akatanga kutora yose pakunamata hurongwa. Kazhinji, tsamba inokosha muTestamende World yaitakurwa kutsvakatsvaka mamongi nevapristi, vane cassock uye zvokunamata chinzvimbo vaiwanzova yakanakisisa zvokurarama vadzivirirwe namatambudziko vavasingazivi.

nhume yayo chepamusoro akazviratidza kumayunivhesiti, iyo chinokwezva vadzidzi kubva siyana kumicheto. Zvikurukuru nomukurumbira dzaitakura zvikoro Naples, Bologna, Toulouse uye Paris. Ivo liaise pakati vadzidzi nemhuri dzavo.

Most vanoda romukova vatengesi navapfuri vesimbi. Pasina kutumirana mashoko akanyorwa vavo, vakanga vasingagoni kumisa wezvokutengeserana uye kumusika. Individual makambani mushambadzi tsamba akasimuka kumativi guilds uye dzimwe songaniro kuti vanamuzvinabhizimisi. Mureza nehurongwa kwakadaro wakasikwa Venice, uyo kutengeserana contactsGoogle chokuita Ages zvokuvhoterwa kwete chete kubva Europe asiwo kubva kunyika kure mhiri reMediterranean.

In Italy uye Germany, umo tsika maguta vakasununguka kuumbwa, yaitanga inoshanda dzomumaguta tsamba. pachake vamhanyi dzavo ruzivo dzaiva wokuMainz, Cologne, Nordgauzena, Breslau, Augsburg uye zvichingodaro. D. Vanosunungurwa sezvo tsamba chourongwa, uyewo kutumira munhuwo vagari mari mabasa rimwe mutero.

Coachmen uye hwemwana hunokura kakapetwa katatu

Nemhaka "The zvakaedza chevaux Saltan" Aleksandra Pushkina yake pauduku zvose vakanzwa okuti: "Anoenda aine tsamba nhume." Domestic tsamba yakatanga munguva Kievan Rus. Kudiwa kwegadziriro mukutsinhana tsamba kwagara akakodzera kuti nyika yedu nokuda nenharaunda dzaro yakakura. Kukuru Western vokuEurope uye akaratidza kure neeSultan kuti nhume Russian uye hakungagoni kuti vatorwa.

Munguva Ivana Groznogo vavarindi ari chamber vakanga zvakaitika pazuva rimwe zana makiromita, zvakange zvakaoma kutsanangurira dzimwe vacherechedzi. Muna XIII - XVIII emakore. mabha- nenhepfenyuro muRussia vainzi Makomba. Vakachengeta mabhiza uye achishanda mahotera.

Paivawo anonzi coachman basa. Chakapararira yevagari enyika raidiwa. Varimi kushumira ravo, taifanira aronge kutakurwa vehurumende, vamiriri uye zvinhu. tsika iyi vakapararira wechiTatar-eMongolia munguva joko avo Eastern necheSalvic zvemisoro. Muzana XVI remakore Yamskoy Kurongeka akaonekwa Russian mamiriro. analogue iri Ushumiri akavimbiswa kuroorwa kwete chete tsamba asiwo mutero munyaya. A pfupi wokuti: "Anoenda ane mutumwa tsamba" Hapana kutaura kunzwisisa aiva bhizimisi Ages Russia.

Anenge mazana maviri apfuura, paiva nomukurumbira raznoallyurnye anotasva mabhiza matatu. Vakanga kurongedzerwa zvakananga yokufamba pamusoro madaro marefu. Panhivi crotch bhiza gallop, uye musimboti mugodhi-bhiza trotting kuzununguswa. Pamusana configuration ichi anosvika muganhu nokuti nguva kumhanya 45-50 makiromita paawa.

Kubva varairidzi kuti njanji uye nesimbi

Centralized hurongwa Royal Mail akazviratidza muEngland, Sweden, France nedzimwe dzakabudirira dziri XVI-XVII emakore. Pamwe chete kukura kudiwa ive midziyo ILD.

Pakutanga kwezana kuMiddle Ages uye Modern Times muEngland vakaparadzira stagecoaches. Murairidzi uyu zvishoma nezvishoma kuribvisa mano bhiza kuvanyai. Pakupedzisira, iye akakunda nyika uye akaonekwa mumativi ose enyika, kubva kuAustralia America. The vasvike tsamba chingoro muguta kana musha, yakashuma aine nyanga inokosha.

Chimwe chakachinja kukura kukurukurirana gadziriro chakaitika mukutanga XIX remakore veMubatanidzwa railroads uye kutumirwa makambani. A mhando itsva mvura chokufambisa zvakanaka hwakasimbiswa sangano kuBritain-Indian-mail. Zvakananga kuti zviite Travel kumabvazuva kuBritish tichitsigirwa kuvakwa yacho neSuez Canal muIjipiti, panopinda zvikepe vasingagoni mupote Africa.

mailboxes

Kune shanduro dzakawanda paiuya mailbox wokutanga. On mumwe wavo anogona kunzi sezvo lobbies zvakadaro, akaisa muna Florence mukutanga XVI remakore. Vakanga akaisa rakatevera kukereke - huru dzevoruzhinji yeguta. Wooden bhokisi aine mutswe pamusoro rakagadzirwa wokushandura ane kusazivikanwa nokutsamwa, umo akashuma mhosva pamusoro mamiriro.

Uye XVI remakore, nezveizvi vaiva vafambisi vengarava. In nerimwe British uye Dutch dzaitongwa vaiva pachavo mailbox kwavo. Achibatsirwa vakadaro michina vatsvakurudzi vakapfuura tsamba kune dzimwe ngarava.

muvambi French pamusoro mailbox anonzi Renoir of Vilayat. Ndiye rwakapedza dambudziko tsamba pakati vokuParis. In pakati XVII remakore muguta guru French paiva zvina posvo, asi havana kugona kukurira guru aibuda tsamba zvavo vomunyika. Renoir of Vilayat aiva nhengo Hurumende National Academy of Sciences. By unobatanidza pouchenjeri kwayo uye okutarisira zviwanikwa (kupedza waMambo Louis XIV), muna 1653 iye akatanga kugadzwa mailboxes zvose pamusoro Paris, riri nyore kuti mabha- basa. The utsva akakurumidza abatwa ari muguta guru uye kupararira mamwe maguta.

Nhoroondo Russian-mail kwakanga kwakadaro kuti mailboxes vemo akazviratidza chete muna 1848. The kwakadaro zvishamiso yokutanga yakasimbiswa muMoscow uye St. Petersburg. Pakutanga, magadzirirwo akaitwa namatanda, ipapo vakatsiviwa simbi. Nokuti nokukurumidza zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa mailboxes, kupendwa yakajeka Orange ruvara.

inoratidza

The nguva kuitika mu New International neposvo aiva kutadza zhinji. Key pakati pavo ndechokuti kupomerwa kuti kutumira mumapasuru akaramba knotted pasinei chero logistical uye michina zvakagadzirwa. Kokutanga dambudziko iri rave kugadziriswa muUK. Muna 1840 ndipo yakaonekwa tanga zvino inozivikanwa pezvitsiga - "dema sendi". kusunungurwa Its aishamwaridzana pakatanga tariffs, kuti nokutuma na.

Akatanga kusikwa zvizivikanwe vakava Rowland Hill wezvematongerwo enyika. Nhamba yakanga akanyorwa pamwe zvizivikanwe Profile mwana Queen Victoria. Innovation akaomerera uye kubva ipapo hamvuropu ose tsamba yakanga vakapakata rinokosha chitaridzi. Stickers akaonekwa dzimwe nyika. The kuchinja kwakaita kuti kuwedzera kwenhamba mabha- zvinyorwa muUK kupfuura nekaviri chete mugore ane epochal kusanduka wokutanga.

MuRussia, kuti zvizivikanwe akaonekwa 1857. The chiratidzo chokutanga chitambi aikoshesa pa 10 cent. The chitambi misoro gondo rakanga kuratidzwa. Nokuti wokufambisa akasarudza ichi chiratidzo heraldic, sezvo chiratidzo Postal Department umambo. Inoshandiswa vakaedza kuramba vane Western kuitika. Mail USSR zvakare akateerera zvikuru mavanga. Soviet Shipping Payment zviratidzo akaonekwa 1923.

Postcards

Inozivikanwa postcards yakabuda nekaupenyu achangobva. The kadhi iri mhando wokutanga akazviratidza 1869 muAustria-Hungary. Nokukurumidza, nemanyorerwo iyi ahwina Europe-yakafara mukurumbira. Zvino munguva Franco-Prussian Hondo 1870-1871., Masoja French Apo akatanga massively kutumira hama dzavo mifananidzo postcards.

Frontline fashoni akanga pakarepo intercepted ne vatengesi. Pashure pemwedzi mishomanana postcards vakatsva gobvu kubudiswa muEngland, Denmark, Belgium uye Netherlands. kadhi Russia wokutanga wakabudiswa muna 1872. Kunyange pashure pemakore matanhatu panguva rinokosha Congress of International Standard kadhi hukuru rakagamuchirwa muParis (9 masendimita refu, 14 masendimita paupamhi). Gare gare rakachinjwa kakawanda. Nokufamba kwenguva, kwaiva subspecies pakati postcards: kwaziso, mhando, kubereka, unyanzvi, kushambadza, enyika, etc ...

Maitiro itsva

Muna 1820, iye akazogadzira hamvuropu muUK. Pashure mumwe makore 30, pakanga chidhindo mumapasuru. In pakati pezana XIX remakore, tsamba aigona kufamba munyika kwamazuva 80-85. Kuenda wakakurumidza apo Trans-Siberian Railway yakavhurwa Russia.

XIX remakore pakataurwa nezve Serial neteregirafu, runhare uye redhiyo. The kwaita michina mitsva hakuiti kuderedza kukosha raimiririra nokuti ipapo vanhu tsamba. Telegraph uye rinopa rubatsiro chaizvo wacho budiriro (mumadhipatimendi ose enyika vari zvishoma aibatanidza ndivo izvi marudzi maviri maererano).

Muna 1874, Wezvose Postal Union uye Universal Postal Congress kuunganidzwa akasikwa. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kusaina ane dzakawanda chibvumirano, izvo zvaizoita dzinyatsobatane zvakasiyana matsamba kupfuudzwa enyika pasi pose. At reCongress akapindwa vamiririri 22 inotaura. Ivo akasaina Universal Postal chibvumirano chete, nokukurumidza kunzi Universal Postal Convention. Gwaro akapfupikisa nemitemo dzakawanda kusimuka exchange. Kubvira ipapo, paishandiswa nhau Russia mberi maererano pose Kushanduka paishandiswa basa.

budiriro Aeronautics vakatanga mukupera XIX remakore. Kukunda murume mhepo kwakatungamirira kunyangarika chero zvipingamupinyi mumuviri zvinyorwa pasi pose. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kunyange mararamiro ekare yaizivikanwa tsamba inoenda nendege - njivavarungu. Shiri anoshandiswa nevanhu kutaura kunyange yakakwirira mberi. Kunyanya njiva vakava kuvapo panguva ropa kunetsana. Watch tsamba aiwanzotaura pamusoro fronts Yokutanga neYechipiri World War.

E-mail

Mazuva ano yaitonga pane tsanangudzo dzakawanda. Musaidza nayo ruzivo. Uye ichi ichokwadi muzvinhu zvakawanda. Nhasi chinhu chikuru chinogona kuti ruzivo, kufamba mberi. The akabatanidza chimurenga yakaitika nemhaka chidzoke Indaneti uye nzira ano yokukurukurirana.

Mazuvano, zvaizivikanwa mazhinji vanhu bepa tsamba zvishoma nezvishoma anopa nzira neindaneti. Panzvimbo simbi bhokisi nokuda mahamvuropu akauya mae-mail, uye dzakadaro zvachose obliterated pfungwa kure. Kana makore makumi maviri apfuura Internet akaonekwa chudacheskaya mafaro, zvino pasina zvakaoma kufungidzira upenyu murume ano. Available sezvo wemagetsi e-mail mumwe munhu rinosanganisa emakore-refu-shanduka chete zvinenge zvose zvayo jerks siyana uye akasvetuka.