Empress Maria Alexandrovna (mukadzi Alexander II): Biography, mapikicha

Future Empress Maria Alexandrovna akaberekwa muna 1824 mu Darmstadt - guru Hessen. Baby ainzi Maximilian Vilgeminoy Augusta Sofiey Mariey.

mavambo

baba vake aiva German, Ludwig II (1777-1848) - Grand Duke kuna Washington uye Rhine. Akauya simba mushure July Revolution.

Amai vomusikana akanga Vilgelmina Badenskaya (1788-1836). Akanga ari chizvarwa Baden Tseringenov musha. Paruvanze paiva nerunyerekupe kuti vana vake vaduku, kusanganisira Maximilian, akaberekwa kubva chokuita nomumwe veko NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi. Ludwig II - Official murume - akabvuma wake sezvo mwanasikana wake, kuti vadzivise zvinonyadzisa kwamakuhwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, musikana nemukoma wake Alexander akatanga aparadzane baba vake uye achigara ari Darmstadt. Izvi nzvimbo "Links" kwava Heiligenberg, iyo vaiva amai Wilhelmina vake.

Meeting Alexander II

Panguva Romanovs zvakanga zvakakurumbira dynastic michato pamwe machindakadzi German. Somuenzaniso, akazotsiviwa Mariya - Alexandra (mukadzi Nicholas I) - aiva mwanasikana Mambo Prussia. Uye mukadzi wokupedzisira Russian pamambo, zvakare, akanga ari mumba Washington. Saka pamusoro ichi pakanyorwa, chisarudzo Alexander II akawana mukadzi wokuGermany kubva kwavabati duku sezvisipo chinoshamisa.

Empress Maria Alexandrovna vakasangana murume wake yemberi March 1839, apo akanga nemakore 14, uye akanga - 18. Panguva iyoyo, Alexander sezvo nhaka pachigaro akaita chetsika vachiratidzwa kuti kusora dzimba mutongo vemo. Mwanasikana Duke pakati Washington, akasangana ari kutamba "vestal".

How ayananisezve muchato

Pashure Alexander akatanga kudanana mutsamba kunyengetedza vabereki vaya vakapiwa mvumo yekuroora German. Zvisinei, amai rwairwa akwirwe of Crown Prince akadaro. Her akanyonganisa nerunyerekupe kusiri rakatanga musikana. Emperor Nicholas, nekusiyana, asarudza kuti asakurumidzira, uye kunyatsofunga.

Chokwadi kuti mwanakomana wake Alexander akanga vaitova ruzivo zvakaipa muupenyu hwako pachako. Iye kudanana vakadzi oruvanze Olgu Kalinovskuyu. Vabereki vapikisi zvakasimba yakadaro ukama zvikonzero zviviri wechikoro. Chokutanga, musikana uyu ane mavambo nyore. Chechipiri, waivawo muKaturike. Saka Alexander naye nechisimba vakaparadzana uye akatumira Europe, nokuda kwokuti akanga kuwana akakodzera bato.

Saka Nicholas akasarudza arege kuzviisa pangozi uye musaputsa mwoyo mwanakomana wake zvakare. Asi, akatanga kukumbira zvizere pamusoro musikana muvimbwi Alexander Kavelina uye nyanduri Vasiliya Zhukovskogo, akatsiva akaperekedza parwendo rwake. Kana mambo agamuchira nyaya dzinovaka, pakarepo uchiteverwa hurongwa kumativi pachivanze kuti kubva arambidzwa kuparadzira chero runyerekupe pamusoro Hessian muchindakadzi.

murayiro uyu aifanira kuteerera kunyange Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Saka akasarudza akazvifukidza kuenda Darmstadt kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo Aingoziva mwanasikana. Zvakanga zvisati zvamboitika chiitiko - kwakadaro asina chakaitika munhoroondo Russian.

Urudzi uye zvaunofarira

Future Empress Maria Alexandrovna akaita kukuru mupfungwa nowakautangira. Pashure musangano kubvumirana kuroora rwaiwanikwa.

Chii saka anokwezvwa vamwe musikana German? Kurondedzerwa kupfuura yakatodzama yake chitarisiko rabva mu netsamba dzake, murandakadzi wake kukudzwa Anna Tiutchev (mwanasikana Nyanduri akakurumbira). Maererano naye, kuti Empress Maria Alexandrovna aiva kuputsika ruvara rweganda, bvudzi akanaka uye zvinyoronyoro maziso makuru rwebhuruu maziso. Against ichi nechekumashure, zvaiita zvishoma nemimwe miromo mutete, anowanzoshandurwa wairatidza ane chibhende achinyemwerera.

The musikana aiva noruzivo mumhanzi uye mabhuku European rakadzika. dzidzo yake uye upamhi zvido akaita pfungwa dzose vamwe, uye vanhu vazhinji akabva Madhindindi wongororo dzavo dziri netsamba. Somuenzaniso, munyori Aleksey Konstantinovich NdiTolstoy akati Empress zivo yake kwete chete anomira kubva nevamwe vakadzi asi kunyange zvinooneka outperforms varume vakawanda.

Chitarisiko mudare uye muchato

The muchato kwakaitika nokukurumidza pashure ose chokungoitawo anyudzwa. The mwenga pavakasvika St. Petersburg muna 1840 uye akafadzwa zvikuru uchenjeri uye kunaka guru reRussia. Muna December nayo kushandisa chiKristu Orthodox uye kubhabhatidzwa vakagamuchira zita Maria Alexandrovna. Mangwana acho paiva Nokuvimbisana kuroorana pakati naye uye mugari wenhaka pachigaro. The muchato akaita kutora nzvimbo Papera gore, muna 1841-m. Waiitwa muna Cathedral Church, iri Winter Palace St. Petersburg. Zvino mumwe wamakamuri Hermitage, apo pane kugara kuratidzira.

The musikana aiva nesimba kumedura kuva upenyu hutsva nokuti mutauro uye musatya kufanana baba vomurume. zvino sei iye vakareurura ose zuva Maria yakawandisa nembambo uye tsono, kunzwa "muzvipiri", vakagadzirira kumhanyira kwese ne murayiro kamwe, akadai nedivi mabiko. High upenyu vakawanda waiva mutoro Korona muchindakadzi uye gare gare Empress. Zvakanga achinyanya akasungirirwa murume nevana, ndakaedza riitwe chete kuti kuvabatsira, pane kutambisa nguva iri tsika.

Vakaroorana Coronation kwakaitika muna 1856 pashure pokufa Nicholas I. Matatu Maria Alexandrovna akapiwa idzva chinzvimbo, izvo vaitya yake nguva dzose, akanga mwanasikana mambo.

mutambi

Vakararama akaona vakawanda zvinobatsira kuti aiva Empress, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. mutsa uyu, kuteerera vanhu, nokutendeka pamashoko nepamabasa. Asi chinonyanya kukosha uye rinobwinya aiva pfungwa pabasa, uyo akagara mudare vakatakura musoro muupenyu hwake hwose. Mumwe chiito anoenderana ayo wavarindi chinzvimbo.

Anogara chengetai zvinodavirwa muchitendero chechiJudha uye akanga akazvipira chaizvo. Nyaya iyi iri zvikuru wakamira kunze hunhu Empress kuti ayo nyore kufungidzira sisita pane regal. Somuenzaniso, Ludwig II (Mambo Bavaria) yakati kuti Maria A. Holy takapoteredzwa denderedzwa rechiedza. maitiro Izvi nenzira dzakawanda havana kufanira rayo chinzvimbo, sapamazuva akawanda ehurumende (kunyange pamutemo) zvakanangana raida kuvapo kwake, pasinei kwayo kubviswa kubva madding revanhu maitiro.

mutsa

Vazhinji Empress Maria Alexandrovna - mukadzi Alexandra 2 - aizivikanwa ake rakafara rudo. Munyika, tichiregeredza wakazarura zvipatara, matumba uye chikoro, uyo akagamuchira epithet "Mariinsky". All iye akavhura uye vakatarisa 5 zvipatara, 36 nherera, 12 aidzidzisa, 5 masangano. Not vanyengedzwa changamire kutarisirwa uye dzidzo 2 Institute dzakavakwa, zvina gumi nembiri zvikoro, mazana zvikoro duku nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vashandi, etc. In ichi Maria Alexandrovna mari, zvose paruzhinji uye pasiri mari (zvakanzi wakabudiswa 50 000 esirivha rubles pagore .. nokuti munhu mari).

Dzoutano rava imwe nzvimbo yebasa, iro mubasa Empress Maria Alexandrovna. The Red Cross akazviratidza muna Russia yakatangwa naye. Vazvipiri ake akabatsira varwi vakakuvadzwa munguva yehondo kuBulgaria pamusoro kuTurkey muna 1877-1878.

Kufa mwanasikana wake uye mwanakomana

A dambudziko huru mhuri youmambo rufu wenhaka pachigaro. Empress Maria Alexandrovna - mukadzi Alexandra 2 - akapa mudzimai nevana vasere. The Nicholas mwanakomana mukuru akazvarwa muna 1843, makore maviri pashure kumuchato, apo mambo achiri sekuru vake namesake.

Mwana akasiyana unopinza pfungwa uye hunhu inofadza, nokuti raakanga aidiwa zvose dzemhuri. Akanga kare vaiita uye vakadzidza somugumisiro tsaona akuvara musana wake. Kune shanduro dzakawanda zvakaitika. Kana Nicholas dzadonha bhiza kana akarova tafura machena enyambo hondo pamwe shamwari yake. Pakutanga, akatyoka asingaoneki, asi nokufamba kwenguva, mugari wenhaka akava paler uye akanzwa akaipa. Uyezve, vanachiremba vakamuzvidza zvakaipa - akamuraira mushonga rheumatism, izvo zvisina kubatsira, nokuti hakusi chikonzero ichokwadi chirwere akaziviswa. Nokukurumidza Nicholas akanga muwiricheya. Yakanga chakaipisisa mupfungwa, izvo vakatambura Empress Maria Alexandrovna. chirwere mwanakomana akanga wokutanga pashure pokufa mwanasikana wake Alexandra, uyo akafa yomumuzongoza. The mai aigara pasi Nicholas, kunyange kana kwakasarudzwa kumutumira kuna Nice kuti kurapa tibhii pamusoro nomuzongoza, apo akafa makore 22.

Kutonhora ukama nomurume wake

Vose Alexander naMariya yavo nenzira yakaoma ruzivo nokurasikirwa uku. The Emperor akapomera pachake nokuti vakaita mwanakomana wake kuita zvakawanda kurovedza muviri, pamwe nemhaka chii uye pakanga netsaona. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi dambudziko chakaparadzanisa Vakaroorana nepedyo.

The dambudziko raiva kuti upenyu hwavo hwose ramangwana pamwe chete yaiva chete tsika. Mangwanani, raiva basa mukuru netsvodo uye vanhuwo hurukuro dynastic zvenyika. Masikati vaviri akasangana nemumwe achimisa. Empress manheru aipedza vana, uye murume wangu ari kuramba rarasika bhizimisi hurumende. Akada mhuri, asi hadzisi nguva mumhuri, aigona chisingafaniri kubatsira vaicherechedza Maria Alexandrovna zvakakwana. The Empress Alexandra aiedza kubatsira bhizimisi, kunyanya mumakore okutanga.

Zvadaro (pakutanga ushe) mambo nomufaro akarangana wake zvakawanda zvingaitwa. Aive kuziva ichangoburwa vanoshumira nemishumo. Kakawanda, zano rake nechokuita dzidzo hurongwa. Izvi zvakanga kukonzerwa kune anoyamura mabasa kuchaitwa Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Uye kukura dzidzo mumakore aya akapiwa dzinongoitika kusunda mberi. Akavhura zvikoro, kuwana kwavari vakabva vanhuwo zvavo, izvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, uyewo vakasunungurwa kubva serfdom pasi Alexander.

The Empress akanga nokuda iyi kupfuura sunungukei pfungwa, izvo yakakamurwa Somuenzaniso, pamwe Kavelin, achimuudza kuti anotsigira zvakasimba murume ari chido chake kupa kupfuura dzakawanda vanhu vakaderera Russian rusununguko.

Zvisinei, nokuuya pamusoro Manifesto (1861) Empress kuva zvishoma hanya pachena mabasa nokuti kutonhora naye murume. Rakanga nechokuita capricious hunhu Romanov. King kuwedzera hwasvika vachizevezera mumuzinda kuti iyewo kazhinji anotarira maonero wake, kuti riri pasi chitsitsinho chake. Izvi akatsamwisa norusununguko-rudo Alexander. Mukuwedzera, musoro autocrat pachake aisungirwa kuti kutora sarudzo chete nokuda kwavo kuda, pasina kubvunza munhu. Yakanga nezvokuva simba kuRussia, rakanga vakatenda kuti zvakapiwa naMwari vakazodzwa chete. Asi musiyano uri chaiyo pakati Vaviri achiri kuuya.

Ekaterina Dolgorukova

Muna 1859, Alexander II akaita anofambisa kumaodzanyemba chikamu Empire (zvino Ukraine) - ndipo 150th gore Hondo Poltava. The Emperor akarega achishanyira Manor imba yakakurumbira Dolgorukovy. rudzi urwu ndiwo bazi Rurik machinda. Kureva, vamiririri vayo vaiva hama kure pakati Romanovs. Asi pakati XIX remakore gentility mhuri aiva nechikwereti, sapamazuva Rebvu, uye musoro wake pakati Prince Michael pane chimwe chete pfuma - Teplovka.

The Emperor akasvika uye akabatsira Dolgoruky, zvikurukuru, akapa vanakomana vake Guard, uye vanasikana akatumira Smolny Institute, achivimbisa kuti kubhadhara mari yamambo chikwama. Zvadaro akasangana gumi Catherine Mikhailovna. The musikana akashamiswa vake kuziva uye kuda kwake upenyu.

Muna 1865 namambo dzinozivikanwa akabhadhara rokuenda Smolny Institute for Noble rweVasikana. Panguva iyoyo iye, pashure refu hiatus, akaona Catherine, uyo akashandura makore 18. Akanga rinozivikanwa zvinoshamisa runako.

The Emperor, uyo akanga Amorous nemafungiro, akatanga kutumira kwake zvipo kuburikidza vabatsiri vavo. Iye kunyange akava zvinofambidzana uye kuona Institute incognito, asi kwakasarudzwa kuti zvakanga zvakawanda, uye musikana pasi chokumupomera kurwara vakadzingwa. Aigara St. Petersburg uye akaona mambo Summer Garden. Iye kunyange akaita musikana ane rukudzo mwene Winter Palace, riri pamusoro Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Mukadzi Alexander II neshungu makuhwa zviwande Curling dzakapoteredza musikana muduku. Pakupedzisira, Catherine akaenda Italy, kwete kuti munhu wokupomera.

Asi Alexander airevesa. Iye kunyange akavimbisa mwene kuti kumuroora Paakangotaura panoratidza mukana pachayo. Muzhizha 1867 akasvika Paris panguva kukokwa Napoleon III. Pane vakaendawo kuna Italy Dolgoruky.

Pakupedzisira, mambo akaedza kutsanangura kuti mhuri yake, kuda kuva wokutanga kunzwa Maria Alexandrovna. Empress Vahosi Alexander II uye muridzi Winter Palace, vakaedza kuramba pakuonekwa uye kwete kurega kurwisana kuenda mhiri dzokugara. Zvisinei, mwanakomana wake wedangwe uye mugari wenhaka pachigaro, vakapanduka. Izvi zvakanga hazvishamisi. The ramangwana Alexander III vaisiyana pamawere hasha kunyange pamhuno. Akatuka baba vake, uye iyewo, akagumbuka zvikuru.

Pakupedzisira, Catherine vachiri yakatamira Winter Palace ndokubereka vana vamambo, uyo akagamuchira machinda madunhurirwa vakanga pamutemo. Izvi zvakaitika mushure chepamutemo mudzimai Alexander afa. The mariro pamusoro Empress Maria Alexandrovna kwakaita mambo kuroora Catherine. Akagamuchira wenyaya Princess uye anonziwo Yurevskaya (nevana vake). Zvisinei, mambo aiva muchidimbu kufara muwanano ichi.

Kurwara uye rufu

Health Maria Alexandrovna yakavhiringidzwa munzira dzakawanda. Ichi chikamu ekubereka, murume kubiridzira, rufu mwanakomana wake, uyewo yakatsvuka okunze Petersburg, kuti izvo kukuru German haana kugadzirira pamakore okutanga kufamba. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, akatanga rakawanda, uyewo huta okuneta. Maererano pachake dzinoenda mumwe chiremba, mumwe mukadzi akaenda ose muchirimo kumaodzanyemba Crimea, apo mamiriro ezvinhu acho akanga kumubatsira kukunda chirwere. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukadzi anenge kubva dzebhizimisi. Mumwe okupedzisira Zvikamu ose kuita upenyu paruzhinji raiva rokuenda kuchiuto makanzuru panguva yokurwisana muna 1878 pamwe Turkey.

Mumakore Alexander II nguva uye akaedza kuuraya kuipandukira uye Ndege. Mumwe kuputika kwakaitika yokudyira Winter Palace, asi Empress aiva achirwara kuti havana kunyange kuzviona, avete mumakamuri ake. Murume wake vakapona chete nokuti ava manheru muhofisi yake, zvinopesana netsika kuti azodya nenguva yakarongwa. Constant kutya nokuti upenyu murume wake waaida vakadya zvasara utano, iro richiri anazvo Maria Alexandrovna. Empress photos iyo panguva iyoyo yakaratidza kuchinja chakajeka chitarisiko yake, ndizvo dzakaonda uye zvairatidzika panzvimbo pamumvuri wake, pane munhu ari mumuviri.

Muchirimo 1880 iye pakupedzisira akarwara, murume wake achiri vakatamira Tsarskoye tiiviste pamwe Dolgorukova. Akaisa wake pfupi kushanyirwa, asi havana kugona kubatsira nayo, kuti zvimwe kuvandudza wake kumunetsawo. Tiibhii chaiva chikonzero nei iye akafa, Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Biography mukadzi uyu anoti kuti upenyu hwake hwakanga kutapudza zvegore, June 3, sezvinoita itsva.

Last noutiziro mukadzi Alexander II dzawanikwa dynastic tsika Petro uye Paul Cathedral. The mariro pamusoro Empress Maria Alexandrovna akatanga kuchema chiitiko yose nyika, aimuda nomwoyo wose.

Alexander muchidimbu vakapukunyuka mudzimai wokutanga. Muna 1881, akafa pashure pokunge akakuvadzwa nebhomba kukandwa patsoka dzake gandanga. Mambo akavigwa pedyo Mariey Aleksandrovnoy.