"Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha": pfupiso. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha," Solzhenitsyn

Tave munhoroondo Soviet mabhuku mabasa, rakabudiswa nokuti vakawanda kuparadzirwa, uye ipapo pakarepo kuva kunorambidzwa. Pakutanga havana kungorega vakarega kubva raibhurari, uye ipapo kutanga anovhima kare akadhindwa. Zvadaro zvakava nengozi kuva typewritten kopi (kuberekana zvinoreva chiedza akaita copiers ipapo anenge haana, uye nokuda anowanika miti vakaramba kuti pasi pakuomerera kuzvidzora). Pakupedzisira, mukuru ngozi kunyange vaya verenga chimwe nyaya kana yokufungidzira, pamusaka pedu neunyanzvi kuedza nemashoko kuratidza pane pfupiso yavo. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" - mumwe nemabasa avo.

patani

Muna 1951, Alexander Solzhenitsyn ave yakura okusika pfungwa yacho, pashure pokuverenga kuti, vanhu Soviet Union vaizokwanisa kuzotonga zvinhu uye mashoko oupenyu vasungwa-vasungwa. Yakanga iri kuchamhembe Kazakhstan, apo remangwana akahwina mubayiro weNobel aishumira mutongo. Kubva mambakwedza (vosimba chakagadzwa zvishanu mangwanani) uye kuti ugoisa huru hunhu akararama azere mwoyo, pamabasa, pangozi uye kuomerwa wose upenyu. Izvi zvakanga Chokwadi, kuronga basa rayo pfupiso. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" anorondedzera basa mumwe munhu nezuva kubva multi-mamiriyoni dhora "basa mauto", ndokugadzira upfumi nesimba nehurumende yeSoviet. Ndivo "musungwa" akasika guru mugove chakakomba wechipfuwo zvibereko Soviet Union iri hwaro yakaenzana pamwe simba uye akanyadzisa vanhuwo zvavo, kubirwa uye nguva dzose nzara. About Varimi munyaya ino Inokurukurawo huru hunhu nokushayiwa mano achishamisika chido kudzoka kubva kuhondo yerusununguko kuti vadzivise anosuruvarisa kutapwa romuranda uye kushandisa chero basa kubva ake chizvarwa musha, zviri chinodiwa muguta. Zvisinei, zviri muupenyu vasungwa akanga achityisa kukunda vaya varombo Vanobata mupurazi rehurumende. Nyaya iyoyo avapo chete dzemwoyo munyori papepa rake wakatambudzika gare gare Ryazan, apo shama A. I. Solzhenitsyn vakagara 1957.

'Mazuva mapfumbamwe mushamiswe

Muna 1959, Soviet Union yakanga achirwa kwete chete pamusoro nyika wokudzora, asiwo vakasara voluntarism, Stalinism, uye vamwe "isms" kuti kuvhiringidze kufambira mberi kune ramangwana yakajeka. Zvakangoitikawo kuti nyaya rakanyorwa aimbova musungwa akanzi mabhuku, riri panguva iyoyo, muna mazwi ano, mu "muitiro" kana "choruzhinji". Haana kufunga munyori senzira vabudirire mukurumbira kana kubudirira, asi muchiitiko chino aiva nemhanza yakanaka nyore. Musoro bato uye mamiriro N. S. Hruschev kutaura kwake panguva XXII Congress of CPSU Akarovera okupedzisira zvipikiri iri pabhokisi pachifunhiro charo Stalinism (kanenge anofunga kudaro), ndakagadzirira kutakura muviri aimbova mutungamiriri Mausoleum. Panguva kuti munyori akamboda kupa basa rake mudare Anna Samoylovna Berzer, prose dhipatimendi mupepeti chakakurumbira magazini "World Itsva". Akaenda aine kukambani mukuru mupepeti Tvardovsky uye akamupa pfupiso nyaya "Rimwe Day muna Ivana Denisovicha", kuchinja zita munyori ari Ryazan. Target Hit akanga zvaiita, wose, asi ngozi ichiri dziripowo.

Zvamuipira zvinyorwa

Pakutanga, chigadzirwa kunoenderana zvizere chete Party mutsetse, vakatara musi XX, XXI uye XXII Congress, akashora "mwero". Muna 1961, kwakanga mufashoni rokushora Stalin, asi zvakadaro vanofanira "kuramba pakuonekwa ose kuipa." A. Twardowski, pachake, ari mwene chinyoreso, akarumbidza unyanzvi kunaka nyaya uye akachipa yakakwirira mamakisi, uye ipapo akapa zvinyorwa vamwe vake nevarume muchitoro, akapa rokutanga pfupiso. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" verenga Ehrenburg, Marshak, Paustovsky, Fedin uye Chukovsky, uyo vakayemura yavo. Zvaiva nyore: kutsvaga rutsigiro huru mabhuku mutsoropodzi - kubva Nikita Khrushchev. Secretary First, kazhinji vakabatikana chaizvo, nguva ino vakaita chikumbiro nhengo Soviet Writers 'Union kunyatsotevera. mhuri yake iri pfupiso kwete chete. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha", inova retelling muromo Fadeeva kufarira mutungamiri Soviet akanga Verenga, dzinoongororwa uye anotenderwa.

budiriro

Saka, wegumi (November) nyaya "World Itsva" muna 1962 pamwe Solzhenitsyn rugwaro rwezuva akapinda wechiGeorgian. magazini 96.900 vakanga yakatsvairwa kubva echiShinto ose bookshops uye nematanga Sayuzdruk. Kutevedzerwa 25000th okuwedzera nyaya, asi haina kuzodzima nyota nenzara neboka utsinye chokwadi yeSoviet vanhu. Pfupiso yebhuku "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" bhuku iri yakataurwa kusvuta mukamuri uye mukicheni, mashoko ari zevezeve (vanhu vashoma chaizvo vakatenda madiro), uye dzimwe nguva nenzwi guru (zvikuru vatsigiri vakashinga bato hweruzhinji). Muna January gore rinouya, "Roman-gazeta" vakaputsa rekodhi vakawanda uye rworuboshwe 700,000th Magazini kuburikidza achitaipa chete nyaya yekare. A zviuru zana vaverengi kuti munyori akawedzera imba kubudisa "munyori Soviet", kusunungurwa imwe yoga vhoriyamu. Kunyange munyika dzakawanda munyika munyika kuverenga (uye izvi zvakaita) uwandu akadhindwa vanopfuura miriyoni imwe kunge nguva nenguva chaiyo. Solzhenitsyn akagamuchira iri Union of Soviet Writers.

Zvakarasika mududziro

The chigadzirwa chiya chazivikanwa zvose muna USSR uye kunze. vaverengi Western vakajaira digests uye Usarwa pachangu rudo refu magwaro, zviri kugutsikana chaizvo pamwe pfupiso. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" Solzhenitsyn akanyora mutauro asi akaoma, azere Lager pfungwa uye jargon. How kutsanangura kuti French kuti shoko "fuza" chaizvoizvo rinoreva kwete "Benzi duku" uye vakagumisa, zvakachengeteka vakahwanda pamusoro poromoka kunyora zvinzvimbo pamwe dzichikosheswa kana bolnichke (ngaadudzire - yokurapa Zvivako mumusasa). The chikuru ndechokuti vakadzidza muverengi, anogara "pamusoro pechikomo", riri kuti zviri USSR kodzero dzevanhu hadzina kuremekedzwa, uye anogona kuisa. Uye, oddly zvakakwana, ichi maonero kutsarukana rakanyatsojeka kunoenderana pfungwa yemunyori mabasa.

nyaya

Working rokuremekedza aimbova "Sch-854" - nhamba mumusasa rakanyorwa chimedu zvinhu vasonanidza kuti padded bhachi protagonist pamusoro musana wake uye muchipfuva. Ngano A. I. Solzhenitsyna "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" rakazara nezvokuzadziswa vasungwa upenyu, naro munyori inoreva kuwanda zvido uye zvinotarisirwa vanhu vava kuda-simba zvose zvakavanzika hurumende mapurisa varanda. Ivo kuzovewo zvishoma zororo (maminitsi dzimwe nguva zvishoma zvinzvimbo), vanoda zviitike blizzard, izvo anosunungura kubva kuva kuenda kubasa rakaoma. Zvadaro vachiri kubata, asi zviri pashure. Get zvishoma chingwa kana nendiro pamwe chimedu solder, dzimwe muchando nembatatisi - rombo rakanaka. Sei aigona zvose pamwe chete kunyange nounyanzvi pfupiso zvakanyorwa? "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" - nyaya, yakarukwa kubva zvavo upenyu mashoko havanzwisisi munhu, kunyange zvikuru fungidzira, kana asina ruzivo chinhu chakadaro.

vanhu

Asi pane nyaya iri chokurondedzera kuva retelling. Ndiyo Biography evanhu, vanhu vakasiyana dzidziso iyi inobva uye vatambi. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov akarwa, iye anobva mumhuri murimi mudiki. mhosva yake zvose ndechokuti ave ari nhapwa. Pane vachiri Baptist Alyosha, zvose zviri pachena kwaari. Kodzero Cesar sinema filmed vamwe vasina kudaro, sezvo zvakafanira, firimu, uye saka haana kupedza basa. Young Western Ukrainian Gopchik akabatsira vamwe vomumusha, Bandera, uyo akapinda musango. Naval mukuru basa bund aiziva British, akaenda navo kuna Arkhangelsk, asi pashure pehondo chipo chinobva chake bhururu British, uye zvikuru mhosva. Kazhinji, yakawanda vatambi, mumwe nomumwe wavo nevamwe, uye kana isu tsanangura vose, hazvingaiti kuti pfupiso. "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" ndiyo chikamu muchinjikwa zvokugarisana munzanga, akaita unopinza demo kuti Stalin ruramisiro. Anosimudza mibvunzo pamusoro chaiye ari rechiKomonisiti pfungwa uye kunoratidza ayo systemic Kudzvinyirira. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chokuti chigadzirwa rakarambidzwa munyika manonwe.