Russian acho uri: Marudzi, Genres, mienzaniso

Collective zvinoyevedza rokusika basa, tichiratidza upenyu dzinza, ake neururami, zvaanotenda, zvakawanda achabatira nounyanzvi Russia. Vanhu vakasikwa uye aripo kubva kumarudzi namarudzi epics, Ngano, ngano - a Genre wenhetembo, akaridza imwe mumhanzi yepakutanga - kutamba, mimhanzi yaunonyanya, nziyo, kufarira mutambo yemitambo zvakanga chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo - kunyanya zvakanga chidzoyi yemitambo. Asi vakanga vakaisa ikoko uye mutambo uye satirical dambe. Zvakadzama rakapinda Russian zvavo okugadzira zvinhu kutamba, ziso Arts, unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi. In kare vakaberekerwa uye vachitamba Russian. Folk Ndiwe Russian akavaka nhoroondo hwaro unyanzvi ano uye tsika nemagariro, yave ichikonzera unyanzvi tsika uye kuratidzwa kuzivikanwa vanhu.

Nomuromo uye pakunyora

Kunyora mabhuku mabasa vakaona zvikuru paya pane dzaiita zvokutaurwa anokosha, rinokosha ngano rakazadza bhokisi kubva muchihedheni. Avo vakawanda zvirevo, mashoko, nezvirahwe, nziyo uye vachitamba, zvitsinga uye incantations, epics uye dzechembere kuti mutemo kune kwakajeka chipenye Russian zvavo unyanzvi. The Russian yakakura zvekare kwakaratidza mumudzimu vanhu vedu, tsika, zviitiko chaizvo, mhuri unhu, akadura uye wakasara mabasa munhoroondo vatambi. Somuenzaniso, Vladimir Dzvuku Sun, zvose muchinda anodiwa, sehofisi kumumvuri womuchinda chaiyo - Vladimir Mukuru, gamba Dobrynya - Sekuru Vladimir First ishe Dobrynia. Mhando ngano zvikuru siyana.

With veMubatanidzwa chiKristu muzana remakore rechigumi anotanga mabhuku makuru Russian, nhoroondo yacho. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuumbwa rayo rubatsiro Old mutauro Russian, razova zvakajairika. mabhuku okutanga - manyoro, yakashongedzwa nendarama uye nedzimwe simbi dzinokosha, mabwe anokosha, enamel. Marii inodhura kwazvo, nokuti vanhu havana kuziva navo refu. Zvisinei, pamwe nokusimbaradza bhuku chitendero rakapinda mumba kupfuura kure makona nyika Russian, kubva pakusikwa Efrema Sirina, Ioanna Zlatousta, uye mamwe mabhuku echitendero mushanduro zvakanga zvakakodzera kuziva vanhu. chaizvoizvo Russian mabhuku Original yekare ikozvino raimiririra yaMakoronike, upenyu vatsvene (upenyu), mitemo isina mhinduro ( "Mashoko", mumwe wavo - "Turika"), achifamba (kana Rwendo, kufamba manotsi) uye dzakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe Genres, kwete saka nomukurumbira. Remakore hwegumi akapa anoverengeka asina kukosha ngano sezvivako. Zvimwe mhando ngano dzakadai yakakura, achipinda muchikwata che zvakanyorwa. Saka pakanga "Sadko" uye "Vasily Buslaev," akanyorwa kuti nyaya.

mienzaniso folk

KuMasiye aiva tsime zvavo ndangariro. Umhare nokurwisana of Tatar-Mongol joko, uye vamwe varwi akarumbidzwa nomuromo. Zviri kuburikidza nziyo idzi vakasikwa nyaya kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi; Hondo Kalka River, apo "makumi manomwe guru uye akashinga" mined rusununguko rwedu Evpati Kolovrat, Ryazan kudzivirirwa Batu, pamusoro Mercury, akadzivirira Smolensk. Ngano Russia rakaramba chokwadi yemuna Tver pamusoro baskak Shevkal pamusoro flipping Dudenteviche, uye nziyo idzi dzaiimbwa kure mhiri weutungamiriri pamusoro Tver. Slagateli epics anoudzwa kuti kure zvizvarwa Kulikova munda zviitiko, uye vakwegura mifananidzo magamba Russian dzichiri kushandiswa nevanhu vakazvitsaurira kuna pakurwisana Golden Horde zvavo nemabasa.

Kusvikira pakuguma rechigumi remakore vagari Kiev-Novgorod Russia kunyora haana asi kuziva. Zvisinei, ichi nguva doliteraturny donos kuti mazuva edu vakapfuura, kubva nomuromo uye nezvizvarwa goridhe kungonyaradza mabasa. Zvino mitambo zvavo uri Russia, apo zvose zvinoita chete nziyo dzechembere uye epics zvemakore apfuura. Nanhasi dzekare vachiridza Genres zvinosanganisira epics, nziyo, nyaya, ngano, zvirahwe, mashoko, zvirevo. Vazhinji hwakawanda huripo mabasa acho - nhetembo. Verse chimiro zvinoita nyore kuyeuka nomusoro ndima, uye nokuti emakore ngano akapfuura pasi kuburikidza zvizvarwa nokuchinja akakodzera, otshlifovyvayas achishandisa unyanzvi storyteller kune mumwe.

Genres diki

Small Vhoriyamu chigadzirwa zvidiki Genres ngano. mufananidzo uyu: puns, rurimi twisters, mashoko, majee, namano, zviratidzo, mashoko, zvirevo, kuti wakatipa ngano. Puzzles - mumwe kuratidzwa izvi mifananidzo pamusoro pevairwara nhetembo dzakatangira dzaiita zvokutaurwa chimiro. Tsigiro kana dimikira, tsitsi, kutaura zvokunyengera - tsanangudzo ndeyokufananidzira mu muchidimbu mufananidzo upi chinhu, - ndizvo chakavanzika V. I. Dalyu. Mune mamwe mazwi, yokufananidzira mufananidzo chaiwo mananara kana zvinhu kuti kuita zvokufungidzira. Kunyange pano aigovera kuti multivariate ngano. Puzzles zvinogona rondedzero, mumadimikira, nyaya, mabasa. Kazhinji ivo akaumbwa zvikamu zviviri - mubvunzo uye mhinduro nezvirahwe uye otgadki interconnected. By chikamu, vane siyana uye chokuita kuti basa uye nzira youpenyu; kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, hunhu, nematurusi uye mabasa.

Proverbs uye mashoko achiripo kusvikira nguva ino kubva kupfuura kare, zviri akakodzera okuti, vakachenjera pfungwa. Kazhinji kacho, zvakare, muri vaviri-chikamu, apo nhengo dziri maererano uye kazhinji senhetembo. Zvinoreva mashoko uye zvirevo kazhinji zvokufananidzira uye ine tsika. tinoona kazhinji mumadimikira uye mashoko mnogovariativnost, pane dzakasiyana zvirevo zvakafanana tsika. Proverbs mashoko kupatsanurwa kubva Kazhinji, inova yepamusoro. Mukuru wavo ndeyemunguva regumi namaviri remakore. Nhoroondo Russian ngano anoti nhasi zvirevo zvizhinji zvakauya mupfupi, dzimwe nguva kunyange vakarasikirwa pakutanga zvichinje. Somuenzaniso, vanoti: "Zviri ichi kana imbwa akadya" zvichiratidza professionalism, asi vanhu Russian vari zvekare mberi: "Hongu muswe ikavhunga." Izvozvo hazvisi, hazvina kudaro yakakwirira.

mumhanzi

Mhando yekare Russian zvavo mumhanzi kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro rwiyo Genre. Song - iri Genre zvenziyo uye kutukwa panguva kana lyrical kana rondedzero basa iri akaronga setsikawo kuimba. nziyo kunogona kuva lyrical, kutamba vorega, chevarwere, zvenhoroondo, uye vose vari vakaratidza sezvo zvinotarisirwa nomunhu, uye kunzwa vanhu vakawanda, vari nguva dzose mukuwirirana voruzhinji iri revadzidzi mamiriro.

Pane rudo zvakaitika, zvichiratidza pamusoro njodzi kana, kana rondedzero evanhu kana mhuri upenyu - inofanira kugara zvinofadza vateereri, uye pasina kuita rwiyo mupfungwa avakuru inobvira nhamba yevanhu kuteerera muimbi haazovanzwiri. Zvikuru sevanhu parallelism kugamuchirwa, kana ari kufara lyrical kumbosiyiwa nechisikirwo. "Ko iwe mira kunze swinging, dzakaonda gomo dota", "No chiedza usiku asi mwedzi" Somuenzaniso. Uye zvinenge kazhinji anouya mhiri pevairwara rwiyo umo parallelism ichi vasipo. Kunyange nhoroondo nenziyo - "Ermak", "Stepan Razin" uye vamwe - Hazvina dzose kuwana. Kubva ichi kurwadza kwechirwere rwiyo zvinova simba zvikuru, uye rwiyo pachayo kunonzwisiswa yakajeka zvikuru.

Uye paakaita ngano

Genre pamusoro pevairwara uri akatora chimiro zvakanaka pamberi remakore rechipfumbamwe, uye shoko rokuti "paakaita" akazviratidza chete namapfumbamwe remakore uye aireva umhare rwiyo kukuru hunhu. Tinoziva yakakura, kuimbwa muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe, kunyange zvechokwadi vakanga vasina vokutanga, chete haana kusvika isu, kurasika mumazana emakore. Ose mwana anoziva yakakura magamba - magamba uyo embody yakanaka munyika uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, ushingi nesimba: mushambadzi Sadko Ilya Muromets, hofori Svyatogor uye Mikula Selyaninovich. Zano epics kazhinji akazara hunokosha ezvinhu asi yekudyidzana yemwoyo uye tarenda zvigadzirwa: vane teleport (pakarepo anogona kukunda kure Murom kuna Kyiv), ndoda uto rokukunda ( "sei kururamisa nokudzungudza - achava mumugwagwa sezvo nokudzungudza kuruboshwe - mukoto" ), uye, chokwadi, chikara: Three-vakananga shato - Nyoka nenyoka. Mhando Russian zvavo uri nemumuromo Genres hakugumiri. Munewo dzechembere uye ngano.

Epics zvakasiyana rengano pakuti zviitiko zvekare vari zvachose vemungano. Rengano muri mhando mbiri: Household uye mashiripiti. Imba aimiririra siyana zvikuru, asi vanhuwo - machinda uye machindakadzi, madzimambo uye vanamambokadzi, masoja uye vashandi, vanhuwo zvavo uye vapristi kupfuura vanhuwo ezvinhu. A rungano nechokwadi kuti akwezve simba naka, mushoma zvaishandiswa pamwe anoshamisa zvivako, uye zvichingodaro. Ngano kazhinji tariro, uye naizvozvo zvakasiyana kubva nyaya mamwe mabasa Genre. In rengano kazhinji kunoita zvakanaka chete, mauto zvakaipa nguva dzose anokurirwa uye kusekwa nenzira yose. Legend kusiyana rungano - yoku nyaya chishamiso tarenda mifananidzo, incredible chiitiko kuti vanofanira narrator uye muteereri anoona sezvo chokwadi. Kusvikira tasvika ngano yechihedheni pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika, nyika mavambo, makungwa, vanhu dzezvakaitwa zvose vemungano uye chaivo vatambi.

nhasi

Modern Russian zvavo iwe havagoni kumiririra chaiwo dzinza tsika, mutsika ichi - preindustrial. Chero yokugara ano - kubva kumuduku musha kune guru - iri Fusion Pave, uye kukura chaivo nomumwe nomumwe pasina vaiitawo uye nokukwereta hazvitomboiti. Chii zviri ikozvino kunzi chevarwere muri chinhu kutoti stylization nemaune, folklorisation, nokuti icho pane nyanzvi Ndimi kuti kunofuridzirwa vavariro kwemadzinza.

Dzimwe nguva mudzidzi basa, sezvinoita vakawanda tsika, uye basa nyanzvi dzokugadzira. In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yakaisvo-uye achiri kukura anogona kunzi chete rwokugadzira - unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi. Pane achiri aripo, kuwedzera kune nyanzvi, madzinza uye okugadzira zvinhu, kunyange zvazvo kurimwa kare kupfeka conveyor uye mikana improvisation usafara.

People zvinhu uye

Chii vanhu zvinorevei nevanhu? Vagari venyika, rudzi. Asi, somuenzaniso, muRussia pane dzinosvika yepakutanga dzinza uye chevarwere uri ane zvakajairika zvinhu zvinowanikwa Verengai vemadzinza ose. Chuvash, Tatar, Mari, uye kunyange chukchi - iri ano basa vaimbi, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, ezvivako regai kukwereta mumwe? Asi avo unhu zvakafanana ozeyewa elitist tsika. Uye nekuti tine, mukuwedzera kune nezvidhori, tine zvimwe aina chigadzirwa, ndiani nedzokukokera kadhi redu zvakafanana. kupikiswa Minimum, kufadza zvachose kubatana mukati rudzi, saka iri kutungamirirwa ano art vanhu Russia. Nhasi:

• kwemadzinza (folklorizirovannoe) okugadzira zvinhu,
• mudzidzi okugadzira zvinhu,
• okugadzira zvinhu vanhuwo zvavo,
• mudzidzi okugadzira zvinhu.

Ye aesthetic basa mupenyu, sokuvapo munhu mupenyu. Ndokusaka nhasi raibudirira Arts.

Art, rokusika chitandadzo

Art ndiyo vapfumi, tsika nenyanzvi kuti zvinoda tarenda chinoshamisa uye anoshanda - nechiidzo of pachiyero aesthetic kukura vanhu. Nokuti ngano ukama chine zvishomanana, kunze rakafemerwa: Vanyori zvose Somuenzaniso, akanyora norudimbwa, achishandisa rwiyo zvavo nziyo. Asi haina izvozvo, kwete pevairwara rwiyo. Nhaka Pachivanhu - okugadzira zvinhu sezvo nechiidzo pakukura chikwata kana munhu. tsika yakadaro inogona vabudirire uye comprehensively. Mugumisiro vakawanda tsika sechinhu template muuki, chipo chinobva vanhu kuti noitika kudzokororwa - ndiko chitandadzo, ivo aesthetics orudzi urwu, iyo yakagadzirirwa kubvisa kunetseka kubva mechanicalness upenyu ano.

Pano uchaona zvimwe zviratidzo primordial pakutanga, iri mifananidzo zvavo nounyanzvi anokwevera madingindira ayo uye achishandisa kutaura. Iri zvakajairika urongwa: kurukiswa, nezvakarukwa, kuvesa, nokuchengetedza Kudzingwa, decoration kupenda, tsika, uye zvichingodaro. True zvavo iwe haana kuziva kusiyana kuchinja unyanzvi zvitaera kwemakore ane chiuru. Zvino yekudyidzana muchifumiswa mune dzinoitwa zvavo unyanzvi. The mwero stylization zvinosiyana uyewo hunhu kunzwisisa zvose dzokurenda vavariro akare.

Arts and Crafts

Kubvira kare anozivikanwa zvavo akashandisa art Russia. zvichida iyi ndiyo chete kwemarudzi asina ndavhiyiwa dzinokosha kuchinja nanhasi. zvinhu izvi kubvira panguva yakare kusvikira nhasi yakashongedzwa uye kuvandudza musha uye munharaunda upenyu. Rural webasa nyanzvi kunyange zvakanaka zvakaoma kunzwisisa, rinobatsirawo muupenyu ano.

Kunyange zvazvo iye zvino zvinhu zvose izvi hazvisi zvokuti inoshanda se aesthetic mutoro. kwezvishongo ichi uye miridzo, matoyi, uye mukati kushongedzwa. munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye munzvimbo vane azvo pachavo ounyanzvi, rwokugadzira uye ounyanzvi. Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye mavara ndivo zvinotevera.

Scarves uye samovars

Orenburg shawl - shawl ichi, ichidziya uye rinorema uye hauremi Scarves uye zvameso-Matandira. Knitting mapatani vakabva kure, nevamwe, ivo kuona chokwadi kusingaperi mupfungwa kuwirirana, runako, hurongwa. Nembudzi Orenburzhye chinokosha, minhenga kupa kujairika, rinogona vakakosa mutete uye yakasimba. Under nokusingaperi Orenburg knitters uye Tula mhizha. Vakanga vasina mapiyona: kutanga mhangura samovar yakawanikwa Zvakafukunurwa iri Volga guta Dubovka, yakatanga kusvika pakutanga kuwanikwa yokuMiddle Ages.

In Russia tii abatwa ari namanomwe remakore. Asi chokutanga samovar okudhindira vaiva Tula vachiri. chikwata ichi dzichiri nokukudzwa, uye tii kunwa kubva samovar pamusoro nemipaini pasikweya - zvikuru akazara mune anamapako. Ndivo chaizvo dzakasiyana chimiro uye kushongedzwa - emiti, vases, dzakapendwa lettering, nekusimbisa, nebefu, zvishongo uye matanga Cranes, yapakuvamba mabasa ounyanzvi, uyewo zvikuru nyore muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Nechekare pakutanga namapfumbamwe remakore ari Tula samovars yakabereka kusvika 1200 pagore! Vakanga achitengeswa uremu. Brass aikosha makumi matanhatu nezvina rubles por pud, uye tsvuku nendarira - mapfumbamwe. Zviri mari yakawanda.