Russian vatakuri ndege renyukireya vavo michina unhu

Nuclear keriya ndege - ndiyo azvino chizvarwa zvikepe zviri chete kutungamirira masimba enyika. Zvisinei, muna Russian Navy, havana kushanda regai kuvimba. Chii dambudziko? Nei Russian Federation, riri muzvinhu zvakawanda mutungamiri dzomunyika maoko nhangemutange saka kure mumashure chakarurama ichi? Handiti, kuUnited States iripo kwenguva rakanaka uwandu ngarava yakadaro. Apo ndege renyukireya vatakuri Russia ndiyo? Zviri pamusoro izvi mubvunzo uye muchaziva mhinduro dzacho munyaya ino. Uchanzwisisa sei nezvemashoko aya maoko nhangemutange iri Russian Federation saizvozvo utera. Uchadzidzawo pamusoro nezvikepe ichi mhando, izvo zvakabudiswa pamusoro munharaunda Russia, asi munhu chikonzero kana mumwe akanga asiri Navy. Munokwanisa kuwana ruzivo pamusoro chete ndege inotakura mubasa iri Navy, uyewo pamusoro kana akaronga Russian renyukireya ndege Vatakuri mune ramangwana.

Sezvingatarisirwa, mashoko chaiwo pamusoro zvirongwa zvakadaro kuti kuzvinyepera - paterevhizheni sarudzo anotyisa anogona kutaura chimwe chinhu papepa achapiwa achiratidzei zvakasiyana, asi chaizvoizvo kunogona kuitika panguva zvose zvitatu. Saka, mashoko ari yemberi zvenyukireya vatakuri ndege mu Russia ndiyo chete tsvagai.

Wadii renyukireya ndege vatakuri muRussia?

vatakuri Nuclear ndege Russia - iri anonakidza zvikuru nyaya, kubva mumwe akasimba masimba munyika nenzira uto iri kushanda hapana guru uye rinokosha chidimbu. Sei zvakaitika? Dambudziko iri nhaka iyo akaenda Russian Federation of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The hove inogona kuwanika kudzidza uto nomutemo wemadzimambo USSR - chokwadi kuti hurumende vakasiya kugadzirwa vatakuri ndege zvachose, kwete kunyange kufunga kwavo sezvo pfungwa akaendesa avhiyesheni simba ngarava.

Nechekare panguva Soviet Union akatanga vateye nheyo asiri yokuenzana kwezvinhu iyi chokuita neramangwana kuRussia kuchienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, pamwe neUnited States. Somugumisiro - iri Russian Federation pakutanga ivepo havana nendege Vatakuri uye chero zvirongwa zvirongwa zvavo kugadzirwa, kweMireniyumu Itsva kunyika Met zvakafanana nechinzvimbo, uye musi kana pachava yenyukireya ndege Vatakuri Russia, saka kure chete nerunyerekupe uye kukurukura.

Kuedza kutanga kugadzirwa

Hatigoni kutaura kuti Soviet Union haana kutomboedza. Mukutanga manonwe Soviet Union chaizvoizvo akaronga kuvaka wokutanga akaendesa ndege zvenyukireya zvizere, izvo zvinogona kutanga kutaridza zvikepe yenyukireya. Akanga asisiri kunyange chirongwa akasikwa, nekubata rokuti "1160". Chinangwa Chirongwa ichi chaiva kusika nokuda dzakazara vatakuri 1986 vakawanda matatu ndege zvenyukireya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera catapult rimwe inonyatsobudirira Soviet Su-27 K. Zvisinei, zvinosuruvarisa kuti urongwa haana achaiswa akaziva, sezvo pfungwa panguva USSR pamusoro paakasika inorema vatakuri ndege, risingagoni kunzi dzakazara yenyukireya keriya ndege nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvakange akabva aronga pakagadzwa ano keriya inorema ndege pamwe wehunyambiri yasimuka. Ndipo apo "1160" chirongwa akanga dzakavharwa, uye vokutanga yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa mutakuri mumhuri kwakabva ndege uye havana kuberekwa.

Nenzira, chirongwa uyo akaendesa ndege, iyo yakatsiviwa chirongwa "1160", kutambura kukundwa wakakwana. Muna 1991, kunyorwa, bvunzo Zara zvakatangwa, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kuti rimwe ndege zii zvakananga zviende nechepamusoro ngarawa uye ikoko uye chinopiswa. Pakazosvika 1992, basa yakasiyiwa, uye Soviet Union yakaramba sezvo isina vatakuri ndege zvenyukireya, sevatsvaki vemapuranga, uye pasina wehunyambiri kanda hurongwa, uye Russian Federation, iyo yakabuda papera gore - asina mukwende kukura zvenyukireya vatakuri ndege.

Asi chii chakazoitika? Pane Vatakuri ndege yenyukireya Russia? History zvinoratidza kuti ivo zvechokwadi vaiva, asi ivo vakanga zvakawanda vatakuri ndege, zvikasikwa zvikurukuru kwete nokuda Russian Navy.

Chii zvino?

Kana kutaura vatakuri ndege yenyukireya Russia, kupatsanura inoita basa rinokosha. Chokwadi chokuti renyukireya akaendesa ndege sezvo vakadaro munyika haisi zvachose. Uye havana kusikwa mukuzarurirwa Russia, kana pamberi muSoviet Union. Asi kana tikasateerera meticulousness, zvadaro ndege vatakuri zvinosanganisira rinorema inotakura ndege, izvo kare zvakanyorwa kare. Zvino unogona kuronda nhoroondo sei paiva avo sevatsvaki vemapuranga vanotova kushanda mu Russia.

Chokutanga vaiva ngarawa "Kiev", "Minsk" uye "Novorossiysk". Vakanga raparurwa iri manonwe, uye zvakanyorwa kure pamwe chete muna 1993. First akamira simbe kwemakore gumi, kusvikira akatumirwa China, kwaakabereka musoro mumiziyamu. Wechipiri mumakore maviri mushure kubirira akatengeswa kuti South Korea, kwaakanga achida kuti kubuda nokuti simbi, asi zvadaro akatengeswa kuti China, apo, uyewo yaimbovapo, akanga ari musoro miziyamu. Third zvishoma mhanza yose - yaitengeswa Korea kuparadzwa, asi hakuna munhu atenga, saka ngarawa uye zvakakwidzwa aburukira zvakawanda.

Kana vakanyanya yepamusoro yokutevedzera, zvinokosha achiteerera mutakuri ndege "Varyag", iro kwakatangwa muna 1988. Zvisinei, mushure Soviet Union yakaparara, akaenda kuna Ukraine, izvo wakatengesa kuna China, kwaakanga vakwana, kwapera uye takagadzirira kuti kushandiswa. Somugumisiro, izvozvo inoshanda nhasi pasi zita "Liaoning". Mumwe ngarawa, iyo ichiri kushanda - ndiye "Admiral Gorshkov", iro raishanda kusvikira 2004, pashure raakanga yaitengeswa kuIndia, maanga kugadziridzwa, mudzoke kunyika chaiwo renyukireya inotakura ndege uye kuchiri mubasa pamwe Indian Navy. Pane chimwe keriya ndege anonzi "Ulyanovsk", izvo zvinogona kushanda mune Russian Federation - kwayo tichishandisa yapfuura, muna 1998, uye akanga akaronga kuti akapedza 1995. Zvisinei, angadai achiri kukwanisa chinyararire kushanda Russian Navy, asi basa yakasiyiwa risati rapera, asi kuti akanga atova vakaungana, disassembled kudzokera simbi. Uye saka haina kuwana Navy wokutanga vatakuri ndege kwenyukireya weRussia.

"Admiral Kuznetsov"

Asi kana vatakuri ndege iyi zvose yenyukireya Russia? Overview hazvirevi kuguma pano, nekuti unofanira kutarisa kopi iri zvino chete anosara yerera uye muna Navy. Chii chikepe ichi? Izvi Russian keriya ndege yenyukireya "Admiral Kuznetsov" - chete chikepe vari Russian Navy, izvo zvinogona semhosva ive mutakuri ndege. Zvisinei, renyukireya inotakura ndege, unogona chete kunzi conditionally, sezvo, akafanana rapfuura womuenzaniso, ndiyo rinorema ndege ndechokuti rinorema ndege akatakura ngarawa. Kufanana zvose dzimwe vatakuri ndege, yakanga yakavakwa muSoviet chernihiv shipyard. Izvi chikepe wakaradzikwa muna 1985, uye muna 1988 watopiwa raparurwa - sezvo mashandiro uye vakakwanisa kushanda Soviet Union uye Russian Federation. Yakasvika zita rayo chete pashure pokuwa USSR, asati, akanga mazita akasiyana siyana. Pakutanga zvakanga "Riga" akapiwa zita, ipapo Yakazopiwa zita rokuti kuti "Leonid Brezhnev", ipapo akava "Tbilisi", uye chete ipapo akaberekwa Russian keriya ndege yenyukireya "Admiral Kuznetsov". Imhandoi chikepe, izvo zvevakomana ndiyo chete yose Navy Russia?

Technical zvechadenga chikepe

Sezvaunogona kuona, asingagari zvakawandira pamberi pa Navy vatakuri Russia ndege yenyukireya. Magadzirirwo chete rinorema inotakura ndege, zvisinei, angava kufarira. Saka uyu akanaka chaizvo chikepe misha - vanopfuura zviuru makumi matanhatu matani. Its kureba 306 metres, upamhi - makumi manomwe metres, uye kukwirira panguva yakakwirira - 65 mamita. Draft inogona kubva masere kusvika gumi metres, ane kunonyanyisa misha, wasvika 10.4 mamita. Reservation chikepe chakagadzirwa anokungurutsirwa simbi, akaronga kuburitsa mufananidzo mamwe muviri nezvikamu. Torpedoes chikepe kubva muvengi anodzivirira 4.5 mita trilayer kudzivirira - dzokurwa rukoko anokwanisa kupinda pamwe nokubatira kutapurirana makirogiramu 400 TNT. Kana michini, Zvinokosha kuti kucherechedza kuti kushandiswa chetyrehvalnaya bhaira uye turbine michina, izvo hairevi dzakazara yenyukireya nendege Vatakuri. Zvisinei, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro hwokugadzira zvechadenga akaoma, zvina hwemvura turbine wedzera kusvika 200,000 horsepower, Turbo-emagetsi kubereka 13 uye chiuru hafu kilowatts, uye Diesel emagetsi - mapfumbamwe zviuru kilowatts. Uyewo kucherechedza unomutsa randinogara zvina shanu chipande propellers. Chii anozviita zvose nokuda dzinokwana? Muchidimbu, isu ubereke kumhanya 29 nokusunungura mapfundo, kureva makiromita 54 paawa. Uyewo kucherechedza unorwa zvoupfumi uye mutengo mwero - rokutanga 18 nokusunungura mapfundo, uye wechipiri - 14.

How zvakawanda zvinogona nechikepe chikepe ichi pasina refueling? Cruising chikuva Chokwadi, kunoenderana pakukurumidza: panguva kunonyanyisa kumhanya Range riri 3850 mamaira nautical pa mari nokukurumidza kundorwa - zvishoma kupfuura vanomwe nehafu nautical zviuru zvemakiromita, ukuwo mwero zvoupfumi - vanenge masere nehafu nautical zviuru zvemakiromita. Pasinei daro vakafamba chiri kukurukurwa cruising, izvo nyaya chikepe ichi mazuva makumi mana navashanu. The vashandi kuti chikepe ichi ane vanhu zvishoma pane zviuru zviviri. mugumisiro ichi, izvo zvinogona kupfuura ano vatakuri ndege kwenyukireya weRussia nyore. Features chokwadi akaisa anenge matatu apfuura, saka hapana kuti kushamiswa. Asi kuti aiva asina zvose, unogona kudzidza pamusoro chete renyukireya ndege inotakura, Zvinowanikwa nhasi iri Russian Navy.

nezvombo

Akapiwa chokwadi kuti chikepe ichi ihondo, voitakura kune hombe akagadzirwa zvombo siyana, zviri pamusoro pake zvino uye dzichakurukurwa. "Admiral Kuznetsov" Anozvirumbidza wekushandisa "Beysur" ezvinhu, iyo anobvumira kunonyanyisa kunangidzirwa moto. Tisati takurukura zvishandiso zvakananga, tinofanira kutora Kutarira uyewo panguva radar mano - vava mungarava zvakakwana. On bhodhi pane zvakasiyana kwakapararira vasabatwa radars nomwe, uyewo mbiri ndege kudzora chechitima. Uyewo teererai zvemagetsi - mungarava pane kurwisana ruzivo utariri kwegadziriro "lumberjack" kunzwisisa kutaurirana "Buran-2", uye zvakawanda.

Zvakanaka, zvino unogona kuteerera maoko - panzvimbo yokutanga zvinokosha kuziva matanhatu pfuti Anti-ndege, rakagadzirirwa 48 zviuru anoshongwa. "Granite", 4 Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa, "Dirk" yakaoma uye mana launchers "Dagger" kubva chombo mungarava vari 12 launchers. Chikepe uye nzira kurwisa kana kudzivirira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura - maviri reactive kunzwisisa, rakagadzirirwa makumi matanhatu mabhomba.

mhepo boka

Tinofanira kutarisa ndege-akatakura chikamu nokurondedzerwa. "Admiral Kuznetsov" rakagadzirirwa mashanu ndege, izvo zvaigona mundege. Uyezve, kwakanga vaifungidzira kuti pane kuchavawo aripo uye helicopters. Zvisinei, chokwadi zvakazoonekwa zvishoma akasiyana, uye kuti dziti chikepe anoshumira mujinga vose makumi matatu ndege, akawanda inova Su-33 uye third-29K.

Plans ramangwana

Asi chii chinotevera? kana itsva keriya ndege yenyukireya Russia kuoneka? Kana, kwenguva refu, "Admiral Kuznetsov" richava mumiriri chete? Makore gumi adarika, vokuRussia vakaisa tariro yavo kuuya Shanduro chirevo, kwakaitika muna 2009. Sezvo pakaparara Soviet Union uye Russian Federation dzidzo, uye makore gumi apfuura, hurumende vasina kurongera chidimbu ichi musika muchiuto. Panguva iyoyowo chikuru mukwikwidzi, United States, anotangazve ayo zvegumi dzakazara yenyukireya keriya ndege. Asi chii chakaitika muna 2009? Rakanga dzakapendwa chirongwa kare kuna 2020, uye vatakuri ndege yenyukireya ipapo haasati awanikwa. Saka kuti munhu mutsva inotakura ndege yenyukireya Russia asi akazviratidza kunyange papepa - riripo saka kure chete pamashoko, uye pachaunga, pane zvinenge kuzivisa zviri mvumo vanhu.

prototypes

Kutaura zvazviri, basa iri magadzirirwe vatakuri ndege vari kare kuitwa, asi Russian Navy achagamuchira chizvarwa chitsva zvenyukireya-dzinofambiswa inotakura ndege, yakareba chaizvo nguva. Zvamazvirokwazvo kwete 2020. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, manyuko akashuma kuti pane ndege Vatakuri nokuda Russian mutobvu basa kune dzimwe nyika, asi kazhinji chikamupenyera shoko chete mufananidzo kuvaka achatarira akafanana yenyukireya ndege vatakuri Russia. Photo anoratidza kuti marongerwo chikepe, izvo zvaigona kutakurwa akawandisa ndege Achabvisa kura huru mamiriro uye vachiitsiva ne chiduku kuzvidzora shongwe.

Medvedev akarayira

Zvisinei, vanhu tariro vainzi vainge muna 2015, apo Dmitry Medvedev akarayira Defence hwoUmambo kuti kutanga vatanga Implementation toronga zvenyukireya nendege Vatakuri. Ichava kure nyore nokuti imi munotoriziva - azere zvikepe kwakadai muna Russia, uye kunyange Soviet Union kumbobvira yakavakwa. Nuclear keriya ndege - hachisi chinhu chimwe, kuti rinorema ndege-akatakura ngarawa, saka mabikirwo vachafanira kushandisa akasiyana zvachose. Asi, zvakadaro, kupfuura netariro Zvaifungidzirwa akashuma kuti muna 2020 angagoverwa chirongwa rokusika rokutanga vatakuri ndege zvenyukireya, akaronga kuti Russian Navy.