SA3 coupler :, chinangwa, saizi

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvikuru zvekugadzirisa kwekutsvaga uye kusunungura kwezvitima motokari ndeye automatic automler model CA-3. Icho chigadziro chinopa kuwirirana nekuparadzaniswa kwemakumbo uye zvivako. Nemhaka yechirongwa chacho, iyo-automatic coupler CA-3 inochengetedza ngoro muzamu inodiwa, inobatanidza uye inodzivisa, uye inoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vaone kusina kukanganisa motokari yemafaira uye iyo inogadzirisa coupler mamiriro acho pachayo.

Chinangwa chemichina

Mazuva ano kuchinja kunofanirwa kubhadhara uye kuwirirana kwemotokari kune CA-3, pasinei nokuti yakagadzirwa kure ne1932. Chigadzirwa chacho chakakurumbira zvino. Chakavanzika chekubudirira ndechekugadzirwa, kubudirira uye kubudirira, pamwe nekuvimbika uye nyore nyore kushandiswa uye kutarisirwa.

Munharaunda yemazuva ano yekufambisa kwezvitima, ngoro dzemasikirwo akasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa dzinoshandiswa. Iko kune mitoro uye mutakuri. Uyezve, mamiriro ekushandiswa kwawo anozivikanwa. Nhamba dzemotokari uye motokari dzinoshandiswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma: kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwekushandiswa, zviratidzo zvepamusoro kana zvakadzika zvekushisa, kutakura kwevanhu nezvinhu zvemafambi marefu.

Nekilomita shoma, simba rechigadziri rinowedzera pakuita nekukanda nekudzikinura zvigadziriswa, uye sechikonzero chacho, zvinova zvakakurumidza kushandisa chigadziri chinongonongedza uye chinosunungura zvinhu zvechitima nenzira inotenderera. Izvi ndezvizvigadzirwa izvo chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kuwirirana, sezvo chinangwa, maitiro uye kugadzirwa kweA CA-3 automatic coupler yakakwana zvakakwana nokuda kwezvinangwa izvi.

Iyo inogadzirisa-inoshandiswa-device-automatic coupler СА-3 inobvumira kuita:

• Automatic connections yengoro pakurwisana kwavo uye kuvhara kwekivha paanobatanidza auto-couplers.
• Kugadziriswa kwekudzidzira kwezvitima zvezvitima zvezvitima zvinoitwa kunze kwekupindira kweyanyanzvi, nekuchengetedza chigadziro munzvimbo yakasunungurwa vasati vasvinudzwa.
• Kuzvinyatsodzoka kwezvikamu zvechigadziro kusvika panzvimbo yekutanga, kubvumira, kana motokari dzasimbiswa, kuti dzibatane nadzo uye dzivhare chikoro.

Mukuwedzera, iyo automatic automatic coupler CA-3 inokubvumira kuti uise-kubatanidza zvachose kusunungura zvigadziri zvinokonzerwa nekushambadzira pasina chitinha chechitima chezvitima. Kubudirira kwekushanda kwemabasa, ndiko kuti, pavanenge vachiitwa, zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirisa motokari hazvitungamiri pakubatana kwavo. Kusvikira nguva yekubatana, zvikamu zve CA-3 zvinotora nzvimbo dzinotevera:

• Masanhu emidziyo aya akaiswa pamurongo mumwe wakarurama;
• Masango acho anobva kune dzimwe nyika kana kutenderera.

Muchiitiko ichi, vertical axial displacement inogona kubvumidzwa muchitima chekutakura. Kushandura kwekubatanidza kunoitika kusvika pamamiriyoni zana, uyewo kune munhu anofambisa refu-kutengesa kusvika kumamilimita makumi mashanu. Nhamba yepamusoro yeiyo yakananga axial displacement haina kudarika 175 mm. Nezvinhu izvi zvinokonzerwa ne-axles, the CA-3 automatic automler operates in qualitative and safe automatic coupling of the wagons during their operation.

Nzira yekubatanidza CA-3

Iko-automatic coupler CA-3 inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, izvo zvinobvumira kuvhara kushanda kusinganzwisisiki:

1. Imba, zvikamu uye zvikamu zvemaitiro ekushanda.
2. Shock-centering device.
3. The harness.
4. Stops.
5. Dhanirira kusunungura ngoro.

Basa rinobudirira reA-automatic coupler CA-3 rinowanikwa nekuda kwekubatana kwezvikamu zvose zvekugadzirisa uye nzvimbo yakadzika isina nzvimbo mumuviri. Mune chikamu chayo chikuru ndiwo tsanangudzo yemagetsi (iyo inowanikwa mumugwagwa, unonzi ihomwe):

• Khiya;
• The lock holder;
• Simudza roller;
• Kuvhara hoist;
• Fuse, iyo inobvumira kuchengetedza kusinganisa kuzvidzora kwekuzvibatanidza;
• Bolt.

Mukuwedzera kune chikamu chemukoko, muviri unosungirirwa nemuswe wechechi. Iinewo gomba rekasi, rinobatanidza kuvhara kwechifukidzo uye iyo-automatic coupler CA-3. Muchikamu chakabatanidzwa, nzira dzinowanikwa pedyo nemotokari dziri kusangana nemumwe nemumwe kuburikidza nemuromo (iyi ndiyo chikamu pakati pemeno makuru uye maduku), vanovharivha uye vanovhara.

Panyaya iyi, tinogona kugumisa kuti hurumende yeAccorporator CA-3 inotsamira pakugara kwakagadzikana uye kushevedza kweiyo yose yedhiyo seyakazara.

Kuyera uye kuyerwa kwekuzvidira kwekugadzira coupler СА-3

Iyo inowanzobatanidza coupler ine zvimiridzo zvinotevera:

• Izvo zviyero zveA CA-3 zvinokonzera coupler ndeye 1130 x 421 x 440 mamita.
• Kurema kweC CA-3 automatic coupler kunogona kusiyana kubva 207.18 kusvika 215 kilogram. Izvo zvinoenderana nekudhindwa kwechigadzirwa.

Izvo zviyero zve automatic automatic coupler zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanyatsogadziriswa, izvo zvakakodzerwa zvakakwana kune vose vatengesi nevatengesi vezvitima.

Yakagadziriswa coupler СА-3

Mumakore zviuru zviviri zvezana remakumi maviri nemakore rekutanga, SA-3 inoshandiswa purogiramu yakagadziriswa inotanga kushandiswa muRussia. Chigadziro nekushanda kweA-automatic coupler CA-3 hazvina kuchinjwa, asi chirongwa chacho chakavandudzwa. Chigadzirwa chacho chakagamuchira mabhakiti maviri, izvo zvinodzivirira zvikamu zvevhu rakaputsika kubva pakuwira kumapuranga. Kuwira zvimwechetezvo kunotungamirira kukuvadza kumuseve kana kuputsika kwezvakanyorwa.

Nokudaro, pamwe chete nekuvandudza, urongwa hwekuchengetedzwa kwemufananidzo wekushandisa itsva hunowedzerawo. Asi izvi hazvisi zvose zvakaunza zvinyorwa. Nharaunda yekumhanya isati yasimwa yemufananidzo mutsva waiva mamiriyoni 1 000 000. Iyo yekare yakafanana yekutengesa CA-3 inogona kungozvikudza chete 200,000 makilomita nechinangwa uye maitiro. Tichifunga nezvekuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedza pakugadzirisa kwechigadzirwa kwawedzera, maitiro ekare akakurumidza kubvisa kushanda. Zvisinei, chinangwa uye chigadziro cheA-automatic coupler CA-3 muchikamu chayo chepakutanga chakanyatsopinda munhoroondo yezvikepe zveSoviet neRussia.

CA-3 automatic coupler kushanda

Iyo-CA-3 auto-coupler, kana pane imwe nhamba yekukundikana, haikwanisi kuita zvizere mabasa ayo:

• Kuputsana kwezvikamu zvejecha, pamwe chete ne microcrack mumuviri wechigadzirwa.
• Kupikisa kwekushanda kwekushanda kwepamusoro, mafuti asina kushanda, kuwedzera kwehuro.
• Chigadziri chisina kugadziriswa kubva pakuwa, chakasarudzwa nenzira isina kururama kana isina kukodzera yemupumburu, pamwe chete nekusavapo kwayo.
• Kukuvadza kumhanje kana kuvharidzira kwechikwata chokudhonza. Kuputika mumucheka, platen uye joko rinodhonza.
• Kukonzera uye / kana kuparara kweganda rekuisa, pendulum-rudzi rwekumiswa. Yakasungirirwa kuisa pendular suspension.
• Atypical roll yebhanhire kana gurusa, kusashanda kwezvikamu zvejoko rekutengesa.
• Kuparadzaniswa kwebhari kana kuumbwa kwechikafu mairi.

Chinangwa chebhari ndechekuchengetedza tambo yekutengesa, kubata, pamwe chete nemudhairi wekutengesa kusunungura, chikwata chinotyisa uye chigadziko chemarara, kana kuti inodzima ivo pachavo. Iyo yakagadziriswa kusunungurwa lever ndiyo inonyanya kushanda kweC CA-3 automatic coupler.

Zvikanganiso zvakataurwa pamusoro apa ndezvokutanga. Nekuvapo kwezvikanganiso izvi, automatic automatic coupler haina kukodzera kushanda, sezvo kushanda kwayo kwakagadzikana kuchava mubvunzo mukuru. Kuti abvise matambudziko akawanda, zvikamu zvinotumirwa kugadzirisa. Nhengo idzodzo umo nzvimbo dzakashata dzakashanda dzisingagadziri kugadziriswa uye dzinotsiviwa nezvitsva.

Muchiitiko ichi, panogona kunge kune zvikwereti uye zvisingakoshi. Kuonekwa kwavo kunotyisidzira nekusagadzikana kwakasimba uye, sechikonzero, kuregererwa panguva yekufamba kwechitima. Kana zvichiitika kumashure uye kukanganisa pamusoro pezvakagadzirwa, hurumende yekubatanidza inogadziriswa nokukurumidza. Kubva kusingaiti kuchengetwa kwemitemo inoshandiswa kunotyisa hupenyu hwevatyairi vezvitima.

Kuenzanisa maitiro ezvimwe zvinokonzera couplers СА-3 uye CAKv

Makore makumi manomwe nemakore ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri akange aonekwa nekuti kuve kwekuvandudzwa kwenhamba itsva ye automatic automatic coupler, yakagadzirirwa kutaurirana kwechitima cheEuropean Union, yakatanga. Chimwe chezviitiko - CAKv yakave yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kwete muEurope chete, asiwo mumatima ekuRussia.

Yakatangwa neCAKv pachishandiswa CA-3 uye inonyatsoenderana neSoviet development. Zvisinei, pane kusiyana, muchiGermany version pamusoro pezino guru rakagadzirirwa nezera rinowedzera, iro rinowira munharaunda inokosha. Nokuda kweizvi kubatanidzwa kwevasina kusimba kunooma.

Kubatanidza kwakasimba kunogona kushandiswa kushamwaridzana nemagetsi ekubatanidza uye mabheji akavhara. CAK inoshandiswa kubatanidza ngoro, matengu makuru emotokari. Izvi ndechokuti hutambo hwechihedheni hunoshandiswa paC CA-3 hahukwanise kumira mutoro wechitima chekutakura.

Nyika umo iyo CA-3 automatic automler inoshandiswa

Pasinei nezera rayo "rinoremekedzwa," chigadziro uye kushanda kweA automatic coupler CA-3 inosangana nevakawanda, inoramba ichizivikanwa munyika dzakawanda pasi rose. Somuenzaniso, inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nyika dzeArabhu, dzakadai saIran neIraq. Uyewo, chi-CA-3 chinogadzirisa zvinogadziriswa chinogona kuwanikwa pazvitima zveMongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Finland, Sweden neRussia.

Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduro yeRussia yakagadzirirwa mabheji ezvimwewo izvo zvinodzivirira zvikamu zvisati zvambove zvekambani kubva pakufamba pamakwara. Kuvonga kushandiswa kwemichina yekudzivirira, nhamba yezviitiko uye njodzi dzezvitima dzinokonzerwa nekavhuniwa kubva muchikamu chekutengesa kwekutsvaga, iyo yakawira pasi pemakumbo engoro, yakaderera zvikuru.

Tsanangudzo yekutsanangurwa CA-3

Mutsanangudzo SA-3 inoshandurwa seSoviet automatic automatic coupler, yechitatu nzira. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mushure mekusika kwayo, muna 1935, kutumirwa kweSSR yose yekutakura motokari kune zvigadzirwa zvemarudzi matsva zvakatanga. Zvakakwana kuchinja kwacho kwapera muna 1957.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti panguva iyoyo imwe shanduro yakashandiswa nenzira yeketani mbiri-link. Chigadzirwa chacho chaiva kona yesimbi, iyo maketani maviri eketani akanga aine welded. Iko kona yakange yakaiswa mukati meSa-3, zvakanaka, uye ketani yakasungirirwa pachikoreko, yakasungirirwa kune chipfuti chokubatanidza. Kutenda chinhu ichi, zvaive zvichibvira kubatanidza motokari neyekare yekubatanidza chipangizo uye yakagadzirirwa neC CA-3 automatic coupler.

Zvisikwa zveSA-3 zvakaita kuti upenyu huve nyore kune akabatanidza. Chinangwa nechigadziro cheA-automatic coupler CA-3 chakabvumirwa kuderedza mabasa ayo tisati tabatanidza hoses kupa mabheji uye magetsi.

Chido kuziva

Iko-automatic coupler CA-3 ine chimiro chinonyanya kufarirwa, iyo iyo nguva yose yehupenyu hwayo yakazviratidza sechinhu chakavimbika uye chinogara kwenguva refu, ichibvumira kuti ichanganidze nekusunungura motokari.

Chinangwa cheC CA-3 automatic automler ishandisiro uye kukanganiswa kwekugadzirisa zvinhu, asi maitiro ayo anobvumira kambani chete kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kubatanidza nekugadzirisa nzira inopfuurira sezvinofanira. Kwenguva yose yekuvapo kwekutsvaga coupler, nhamba dzinoverengeka dzinofadza dzakagadzirwa pamusoro pechinhu ichi:

• SA-3 yakagadzirwa muna 1932 muU.SR. Vashandi veSoviet vakatora sechikonzero chekutengesa kambani inoshandiswa muU.SA (iyo coupler yeWillison system), yakagadzirwa muna 1910, uye inogadziridza zvakare kugadzira mhando yeimba. Uyewo, mhirizhonga we gear yakanga yakagadzirwa zvakare. Kumadokero, CA-3 inotumidzwa se "Russian auto-coupler" kana "Willison's auto-coupling neRussia circuit".
• Kana iyo CA-3 automatic coupler isina kukanganiswa, zvakakosha kusundira danda resimbi mukati mune imwe gomba iri munzvimbo yayo. Izvo zvikamu zvegadziriro ichadzoka kunzvimbo yavo yepakutanga, uye coupler ichabatanidzwa.
• Kuvhara kwekutsvaga kwakagadzirwa nekutaridza. Iko kusungirirwa kunogona kuonekwa pasi pechigadzirwa, kunze kwekuti chivha chacho chisina kudziviswa. Apo imwe sarimendi yevasimisi inoshandiswa yakaongorora imwe kambani, inocherechedza iyo nzira, inodzidza kuti motokari dzinodzivirirana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
• Sezvazvinozivikanwa, iyo coupler inosungirirwa nechigadziro chinogadzirisa, chigadziro chinopinza simba remhepo uye chinodzivirira motokari yemagetsi uye zvikamu zvehutachigoni coupler nzira kubva pakuparadzwa. Zvisinei, locomotive nemotokari dzemotokari CA-3 hazvikwanisi nemutambo uyu. Chinhu ichi ndechekuti pazvikwata uye motokari fomu hapana nzvimbo yepakutanga yekugadzirisa ichi chinhu.
• Shanduro yePolish yezita rekutengesa kweA-automatic-CA is 3 "Brezhnev's fist".
• Muna 1898, mubvunzo uyu wakakurudzirwa pamusoro pekutumikidza hurumende inoshandiswa pamotokari yeRussia. Chimwe chisarudzo chaiva America yekuendesa pasi yeGiannay. Asi pfungwa yacho yaifanira kusiya. Nemhaka yekusavimbika kwekugadzirwa kweAmerican version, pamwe nekushaya kukwanisa kusarudza sarudzo yakakodzera kubva kune vakambobatanidzwa mumba, kuiswa kwekugadziriswa kwekutsvaga uye kusunungura motokari kwakasarudzwa nokusingaperi.
• Soviet automatic automatic coupler (3rd variant) inoshandiswa kwete munyika dzeSoviet chete, asiwo mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, dzakadai sePoland, Finland, Norway neSweden. Uyewo pamusana peC CA-3 yakagadziridzwa shanduro yeEurope yeCAKv, iyo ine kugadziriswa zvishoma kudzokorora zvakadzama zvakagadziriswa zvemukati automatic automatic coupler. Izvo chete zvakasiyana nevemhuri, kune dzimwe nyika inoita kuti zvigone kushamwaridzana kwakasimba, izvo zvinodiwa kuti ubatanidze motokari dzechitima chekutakura.
• Pakati payo, mari yeC CA-3 itsva inokwana 10 500 rubles. Kugadziriswa kwezvikwata zvechigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana kubva pakusvika 300 kusvika ku1000 rubles. Saka, kugadziridza kwenguva yakakodzera kwekutsvaga coupler kunoita kuti iwe uchengetedze mari yakakwana.

Mhedziso

Kunyora muchidimbu zviri pamusoro apa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti automatic automatic coupler CA-3 inogadzirisa zvakakwana uye yakasimba inogadzira iyo inobvumira kuzvigadzirisa uye kubatanidza ngoro. Panguva imwe chete, zvinowedzera zvinodiwa zvinoshandiswa pahurongwa hwechigadziro: hapanofanira kuva nhengo dzakasakara, dzakaputsika zvikamu zvegadziriro uye kuputika mumuviri uye zvikamu zvemagetsi. Muchiitiko chekushaya kushanda, CA-3 inotumirwa kugadzirisa. Kana iyo faira iri yakasakara, inoshandurwa kuva itsva.

Iko-automatic coupler CA-3 yakagadzirwa kune kure ne1932 pamusana weAmerican automatic coupling coupling Willison. Panguva imwe chete, Soviet designers vakazvimirira pachavo vakafunga nezvekugadzirisa kwekubatanidza mhepo, iyo yakabatana nayo SA-3 yainzi "Russian automatic coupler".

Kushandura kunotenderera zvakananga kwakatanga muna 1935. Panguva iyoyo, imwe shanduko yakashandiswa kubatanidza ngoro dzakagadzirirwa nevekare uye yekare yekutengesa mitambo. Pakupedzisira shanduko yakaguma muna 1957. Pakutanga kwechiuru chechi zviuru zviviri CA-3 yakashandurwa zvishoma. Mukuvakwa kwekambani, mabhoksi akasiyana akaonekwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuchengetedza nzira yezvitima kubva pakuwana zvikamu zvayo zvakaputsika kubva pamatch. Kudzivirirwa kwemavara, pamwe chete, kunodzivirira kukanganisa kwemuseve, pamwe nekuderedza mukana wekukurumidzira, zvichiita kuti pave nenjodzi yakazara yechitima. Maitiro ekugadziriswa anoshandiswa muzvitima zvinotakura mafuta zvigadzirwa, pamwe chete nevatengesi vengarava.

Automatic coupling СА-3 inozivikanwa zvikuru muEurope. Munzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwekuvimbika kwayo nekugara. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvatave tatoona, mashandisi akawanda emamwe magadzirirwo enyika kunze kwechirongwa chakagadzirwa kuburikidza neSoviet automatic automatic coupler.

Nokudaro, kupedzisira kunoratidza kuti SA-3, yakasikwa kune kure ne1932, inogona kupfuura zvinopfuura makore gumi kana makumi maviri, kana zvimwe zvakawanda. Mushure mezvose, kuvimbika kwekugadzirwa hakuenzaniswi chete nemafungiro ayo, asiwo nemazita ayo asina kunaka uye makore ekugara achibatanidza kamwe chete uye kuparara kwezvikoro.

Asi pasinei mukuru mukurumbira, yokutsiva SA-3 akasvika CA-4 - rine zvimwe ano uye akasimba nepurani. Uyezve, achienzaniswa chetatu CA-4 ine wakawedzera upenyu nazvo isina run (200 000 makiromita wechitatu pamusoro miriyoni imwe makiromita ari CA-4).

Uyewo, wechina nyore zvikuru uye yakawanda kupfuura nowakautangira. Pasinei chidzoke ane zvakawanda chakakwana coupler SA-3 ichiri chaizvo nevakawanda, kunonyanya kukonzerwa dzakakwirira mari zvishoma, zvichienzaniswa kuti CA-4. SA-3 achiri mumwe zvikuru nevanhu otomatiki okubatanidza.