Simba basa reprotein: mienzaniso uye tsanangudzo. Ndezvipi mapuroteni uye kupi iyo simba rinoshanda?

Mumuviri wedu unosanganisira microelements uye zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Nokuda kwekuchinja kwavo nguva dzose, tinogona kurarama uye kuita bhizinesi redu. Hatitombofungi nezvechokwadi chokuti maminitsi ose ehupenyu maduku maduku emuviri wedu anoramba achishanda, achitipa isu kubatsirwa. Zvinonzwisisika, basa reumwe neumwe nderekudzorera nguva dzose matanda avo.

Zvinhu zvehupenyu hwehupenyu

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinotitendera kuti tishande zvakakwana mapejihydrates, mapuroteni nemafuta. Izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mezvinhu zvose zvakagadzirwa, asi zvakakosha kuchengeta kuenzana kwezvinhu izvi, nokuti zvimwe zvinetso zveutano zvinotanga. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mabasa emapuroteni, kuti angapa sei muviri simba.

Ndeupi rudzi rwezvinhu zvinonzi mapuroteni?

Izvo zvikamu izvo zvetani zveamino acids. Izvo zvine molecule yakakura, sezvo imwe molekemu inowanzoverengera amino acids iyo inobatana nehutano hwe polypeptide. Rimwe unit, iyo protein, inomiririrwa neamino acid.

Ichi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chivakwa chemuviri. Pamamino acids uye mapuroteni, zvinenge zvose zviri mumuviri zvakavakwa: munhu anopa oxygen anoenderana nazvo, sezvo hemoglobin ipuroteni. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza hutachiona, inobatanidzwa muhutano hwemhomoni, saka inofanirwa kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvizhinji zvemukati. Inopihwawo nesimba rekushanda iyo isiri iyo yakakwana pakuzara kwayo. Pasina iyo, zvakaoma kwazvo kuti mhuka dzikure uye dzikure. Asi isu hatidi mapuroteni akawanda. Kubva pane nhamba yakawanda yazvo ndeyekuita kwekuvirisa uye zvimwe zvinokanganisika pamasero nhengo.

Basa ravo guru

Mapurotini anoita mabasa mazhinji, nekuda kweizvi muviri hauna urombo hwekutonga kwehupi zvayo, kubudiswa kwemasero matsva, kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere, uye zvakadaro. Ngationgororei pamusoro pezvo.

1. Catalytic . Amino acids, kuwirirana mune imwe nzira, inogadzira enzymes iyo inokonzera kuwanda kwemamwe maitiro mumutumbi. Izvi hazvirevi nezvevane gumi vanobatanidzwa mu catalysis ye enzymes. Tine zviuru zvingani zvadzo, uye dzinodzora kusvikira kusvika 4000. Zvose izvi zvinobatanidzwa mune imwe pfungwa - metabolism. Izvo mapuroteni anoona kuti zvichakurumidza sei.
2. Chimiro - nekubatsirwa kwevamwe mapuroteni, chimiro chemukati masero chinodzivirirwa, kunze kwekuti tive nemhando dzesimbi, vhudzi nezvimwewo zvakadaro.
3. Kudzivirira basa. Iyo inosanganisira mukuti mapuroteni anoumba zviratidzo zvehupenyu, zvinhu uye masero, anopa kudzivirirwa pane zvepanyama, chemikemikari, maune immune.
4. Kudzora - kune mapuroteni asiri kuvaka zvinhu zvemasero, haabatanidzi mumetabolism, simba rinoshanda kwavari harisi iro, asi vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwezvirongwa mumasero. Ivo "vanotevera" kutumirwa kwemashoko ezvebasa, basa nekugadzirwa kweamino acids.
5. Kutakura basa reprotein ndeyokuti vanotumira zvinhu zvinokosha uye zvinobatsira kumutumbi neropa kana pakati pemasero.
6. Receptor - kana zvisina kudaro inogona kunzi mechanochemical. Zvimwe mapuroteni pasi pesimba rezviratidzo zvakasiyana zvinogona kuchinja urefu hwavo, kubvumirana.
7. Simba basa repuroteni - apo puroteni yakakamurwa, mamwe masimba emvura anosunungurwa. Nokudaro, zvinhu izvi pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvinoshanda sezviripo.

Mune simba ripi iro simba rinoshanda reprotini rinomuka?

Kwete nguva dzose chikafu chedu chakakosha kuitira kuti mapuroteni, mafuta uye mahydrohydrates apinde mumuviri wedu nemutengo chaiwo unoda. Nokudaro, kazhinji pane kushaya kana kudarika kweizvi kana zvimwe zvinhu.

Mukuda kwekushaikwa kwenguva refu kwehuwandu hwemagidhahydrates nemafuta, simba remaitiro emapurotini ari mberi. Muviri haugumi kushandisa simba, saka ndiwo amino acid makemikari anotanga kupa.

Kubudiswa kwesimba kunoitika sei?

Mapuroteni akasiyana-siyana zvinhu mumuviri. Kusiyana kwegadziriro yavo kunogona kuva zviuru, zvichienderana nokuti vanozivikanwa neivo. Kushandiswa kweiyo chinhu kwenguva yakareba kune yakawanda, simba rimwechete remaitiro emapurotini rinotungamirira pakuparadzana kwavo, naizvozvo, mari yavo inofanira kugara ichizadzikiswa. Mune izvi tinobatsirwa nemuviri wedu - pane masero akawanda anogadzira puroteni, uye imwe rudzi uye pfuma.

Kusunungurwa kwesimba kunowanikwa nenzira yekuchera mapuroteni muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvepuropa remimba. Kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kweamino acid kunowanikwa mumasero emagetsi.

Kutendeuka kwemapurotini mudumbu

Simba rinoshanda remapurotini, mienzaniso yatichakurukura pasi apa, inotanga nekujekesa kwezvinhu izvi mudumbu. Ikoko chinhu chimwechete chinouya kununura, chete chimwe chimiro - enzyme ye pepsin. Inoshanda mune mamwe mamiriro (apo pH haisi yakakwirira kupfuura 5.0 uye isiri pasi pe 2.0). Nokushandura kuchengetedza kwezvinyama zvemudumbu, an acidic gastric juice inowanikwa, iyo inobatsira zvikuru pamabasa e pepsin.

Pave paya apa, simba rinoshanda reprotini rinotanga. Pepsin imwe yezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinogona kuputsa collagen protein yakaoma (iyo inonyanya kudya nyama inogadzirwa). Kubatanidza nemvura (hydrolysis), inoumba midzi yepakati pekuparara uye chikamu chiduku chekupisa, chinoparadzanisa kuburikidza nemuviri, kubatanidzwa mune simba remasabetism. Zvinogona kunzi kuti mapurotini anoita simba rinoshanda haasi maantimisi muhutano hwavo, sezvo iyo yekupedzisira inobatsira basa iri kuita zvimwe zvinhu.

Kubatanidzwa kwepancreas mu cleavage yeprotein

Iyo pancreas haina kutora ichi pachayo zvinhu zve cleavage. Asi iye ndiye mupi wevarimi vanodiwa, saka pasina iyo mukuchera mapuroteni kwakaoma kuita. Inopa nhengo dzekudya uye pancreatic enzymes: proelastase, chemotripsin, trypsin, carboxypolypeptidase.

Cleavage mudumbu

Haasi mapuroteni ose anokanganisa zvakakwana mumatumbo, kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvizhinji zvinoshanda pairi. Kunyange pamagumo ekudya, dipeptides uye tripeptides zvinogona kuramba. Asi mamwe amino acids anobva kune chikamu chechikamu chekudya chisina kukwana.

Tichipiniki uye chemotripsin dzinobatsira mapuroteni kuchinja kuva mapepeptidi, kuvhara kana pane kushayikwa kweglucose mumuviri wekupisa, pano simba remaitiro emaprotini anoenderera mberi. Mienzaniso yekushandurwa uku tinogona kuchengeta zuva rega rega, patinoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti tidye. Mushure mekuora kweprotein mu polypeptides, enzyme carboxypolypeptase inotanga kushanda - iyo inodonha munhu mumwechete amino acids kubva pakuguma kwemakumbani akaumbwa. Proelastase inogadzira flastiki elastic yezvigadzirwa zvenyama nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma.

Mapurotini anoita simba rekushanda achipfuura nepakati pekupedzisira kwe cleavage yavo mudumbu duku, iyo duodenum. Ikoko ivo vanoratidzwa kune villi, iyo ine peptidases. Izvo zvinhu, kuwirirana nemukumbo mvura, gadzira tsvina yekunyora kwema polypeptides kune imwe nhamba ye amino acids. Uyezve, iyo nzira yekuparisa kupisa semasimba kubva pakuparara kwemapuroteni kunoitika mumasero emagetsi, uye zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvekugadzirisa kwezvinhu izvi zvakagadzikana zvakaoma uric acid, urea, mvura uye carbon dioxide. Nokudaro, takaona kuti simba rekushanda kwemapurotini rakazadzika sei. Haina nzvimbo chaiyo yeamino acid musha. Asi inoitwa kubva pakutanga kusvika pakuparadzana kwakakwana kweprotini.

Cell energy

Simba rinoshandiswa muchitokisi rinoshandiswa nemasangano akadaro se mitochondria. Pachikamu chesero, pane mamolekemu anotakura anokonzera mishonga yekuparara kwemapuroteni kubva mumamolekoro. Muchiitiko ichi, simba rinobudiswa zvakare, rinobatsira kubatanidza ATP molecules uye inobatanidza neokisijeni. Kunyangwe pamasero emunharaunda, munhu anogona kupindura mubvunzo wekuti mapuroteni anoita sei simba rinoshanda. Izvo zvinhu zvinenge zvisingabatanidzwi mubasa re enzymatic nekuvakwa, sezvakaitwa pakuvakwa kwemasero emuviri anongowedzera kuponesa munguva yejekwa ye polypeptides. Asi vanogonawo kuunza chikamu chiduku chemasimba pamasero emagetsi nemubatsiro we mitochondria uye yakaumbwa neAX molecules (iyo inokonzera simba rezvinhu zvose mumutumbi).