Stone - a fuma kana muviri? Mhando matombo

Mabwe vanhu vekare rusununguko zvemashiripiti ehupfumi. Zvaidavirwa kuti munhu mupfumi zvechokwadi munhu ane chinokosha uye zviwanikwa namabwe. Nokufamba kwenguva, hapana kuruboshwe. Nhasi, ane vakawanda kwazvo multi-mavara anopenya matombo - mupfumi.

Zvisinei, vanhu zvave uye zvakasikwa, matombo zvakasikwa. Mumaoko anokwanisa dzose chishamiso nedombo anotanga rakaisvonaka zvechokwadi maonero. Asi chii chinoumba nyaya kubva esayenzi maonero? Stone - a fuma kana muviri? Chii inoitwa uye chii rudzi anomiririrwa, rakashandiswa murume, uye chii zita? Edza kunzwisisa.

Stone - a fuma kana muviri?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira zvose vasarudze chii chiri muviri uye fuma? A mudzidzisi mugiredhi wechishanu panguva zvidzidzo rwokuzvarwa nhoroondo vana kupindura mubvunzo uyu.

Mitumbi akadana zvose zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu hunhu. Nepo nyaya - ndiwo mashoko inoumba muviri. Dzidziso idzi titsigire. Kana kuvaka inonzwisisika cheni, zvichaita kutora anenge sezvinotevera: Body - nezvinhu - mamorekuru - maatomu - hurongwa madiki akanyora core.

By pezvawakaita, mabwe - ndivo zvibereko pamatombo, akakora uye zvidimbu navo. Naizvozvo, achipindura mubvunzo: "? The ibwe - imwe pfuma kana muviri" - vanofanira kuteerera chokwadi ichi. Kuonawo kuti makemikari hunhu yamatombo vakasiyana, nefuma iyo vanoumba yakananga uye havasi zvakafanana. Nokudaro mhedziso: namabwe - fuma iyi, uye muviri kubva nemaonero sayenzi akasiyana.

kupatsanura nematombo

nyaya iri kazhinji kwenguva refu zvakaramba mubvunzo rakavhurika, sezvo nyanzvi zvakasiyana akadudzira nayo kwavowo. Somugumisiro, mashoko kupatsanura pematombo vakapiwa chete pave paya, muna XX remakore. In neimwe nyika, ndizvo zvinoitika. Nokuti Russia runoonekwa kuti zvinogamuchirika ezvinhu aronga V. Ya. Kievlenko (1973).

1. Chishongo, kana zvishongo. Mienzaniso: Ruby, nesafiri, nedhaimani, nedhaimani nebheriri, alexandrite, hiakindi, zircon, moonstone, Tria Rose, netopasi, tourmaline, netopasi, ametesti, tekoizi, kirisopirasi *, almandite, rozolit, spinel, citrine, demantoid, spodunit, Pyrope. All pematombo dziya kupinda ini, II, III uye IV of hurongwa.
2. Semiprecious mabwe, kana matombo anokosha. Mienzaniso: dombo rekristaro, agati, chalcedony, rinopenya, hematite, Cajon, rauchtopaz, amazonite, labradorite, feldspar, Goldstone, rhodonite, hiakindi munhuwo, beloporit, heliotrope, Goldstone. zvinhu zvose zviri akakamurwa I uye II kurongeka.
3. Sora. Mienzaniso: machena, fluorite, Celine, quartzite, girenayiti, Jasper, agalmatolite, gahnite, neonikisi, dzhesplyait, hardwood, ndege, obsidian, neonikisi.

In rinobatanidza mupfungwai, mhando dzose nematombo zvinogona muchidimbu mumapoka matatu:

• zvechisikigo;
• chakagadzirwa;
• chakaita zvokugadzirwa.

kupatsanura kwakadaro makemikari, sezvo chakagadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa ivhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu mumarabhoritari nzira.

Classes mabwe, zvange pamusoro apa, mukati mavo vanewo mumwe kupesana. Somuenzaniso, vane zvavo inokosha hunhu uye kupatsanura kwezita.

Matombo makemikari nemaonero,

Sezvatotaurwa, mamiriro okunze ari mubvunzo pezvawakaita - nayo matombo. Saka, kubva makemikari nemaonero, ibwe - a fuma. The sezvamunoita Kazhinji pakutsvaga ibatanidzo siyana simbi oxides uye munyu ayo.

Somuenzaniso, makemikari anoumba zvose anozivikanwa naRuby neemaradhi vanenge vakabatana - alumina AL ₂ O _3. Color uyewo zvichisiyana nokuda akasiyana admixtures mamwe zvinhu uye chiedza Absorção de Água vanokwanisa.

Kune mapoka anoverengeka makemikari chaicho maumbirwo zvose zvakasikwa, kusanganisira matombo anokosha:

• chizvarwa zvinhu (nedhaimani - C);
• halides;
• sulfides;
• oxides;
• phosphates;
• borates;
• sulfates;
• feldspars;
• scapolites;
• sadolity;
• carbonates;
• silicates;
• magirinedhi.

In nerimwe boka, azvo mabwe ari mazana mhando. Vanokwanisa siyana kwete sezvamunoita, asiwo ruvara, chimiro, ukuru, pachena, arambe achirema.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Kubva pfungwa nemaonero Sayenzi wefizikisi, ibwe - muviri ichi. Uye nokudaro, izvozvo kunoratidzwa nokuda ehupfumi, sezvo dzimwe akafanana zvinhu: guru, utsotso uye dzokubikira pfungwa, arambe achirema, ruvara, kuravidza, kwakanaka, uye zvichingodaro.

Zvisinei, tose tinoziva kuti zvakawanda matombo asina kunaka, kwakanaka, asingakwanisi itye, asi chete chikamu. Ruvara sezvo vari siyana kuti nomuzvanza mukuru gadziriro ino chiyero hazvitomboiti. Palette kupenya anokosha uye Semi-anokosha wakakwana kubva vatema uye chena kuti rakajeka yebhuruu, mutsvuku, girini, yellow nomutsvuku hues.

Kazhinji, pane mapoka akawanda chikuru hwounhu yamabwe mumuviri, zvose dzinongoitika uye nevanhu (kusanganisira anokosha).

1. Simba uye kusakara nemishonga. zvikukutu (girenayiti) inogona on ichi chinoratidza svikiro (machena) uye pasi simba (tuff) ivhu.
2. Density. It rinoenderana yapfuura indekisi. Rakakamurwa rinorema - 2200 makirogiramu / m ³ uye chiedza - duku pane nhamba.
3. Absorção de Água chinzvimbo, zvakatemwa kubudikidza porosity yechivako chacho.
4. Asidhi nemishonga. The kupfuura kuramba - granite uye reraimu. Quite nyore makariita machena, sezvo asidhi unopinda makemikari maitiro.

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti ibwe - a fuma kana muviri wechisikigo mutambi wacho, sezvamakaropafadzwa vanoverengeka mumuviri makemikari maitiro uye rine mazano kukosha muupenyu hwevanhu.

dzinongoitika mabwe

Chokwadi, pane zvakawanda kuti vakwanise kufukidza tsananguro zvose. Asi rakajairika vaya rinowanzoshandiswa nemunhu, edza kufunga.

Anotarira akanaka kwazvo uye anokudzwa chitarisiko rine dzinongoitika ibwe. Photo Stonehenge zvakanaka yasimbiswa. Kunyange pasinei ivhu izvi havana inopenya ruvara uye ngachivheneke, Vakamanikidza noukuru dzavo uye nokubwinya.

mhando

Pane mienzaniso yakawanda yakakurumbira dzinongoitika mabwe, dzinoshandiswa nevanhu nzvimbo magadzirirwo uye kuvakwa mabhizimisi nokuda mukurumari ayo, runako, uye kwezvakatipoteredza ushamwari.

1. Marble, izvo zvinogona mumvuri uye muenzaniso zvakasiyana (laminate kana pfumbu). Sezvo makarekare aishandiswa sedombo nokuda mapurani hurongwa. Kubva makemikari nemaonero inomirira karusiyamu carbonate CaCO _3.
2. Granite. Chinonzi mashoko vasapedze uriri, masvingo, cladding zvivako, nokusika incredible mabasa ounyanzvi (pazvivako, pazvivako, etc.). Kubva makemikari nemaonero kunosanganisira feldspar, Goldstone uye mafic zvicherwa.
3. Sandstone. Achishandiswa vanhu tichigadzira walkways, kuvaka masitepisi, nokuisa nheyo. Kushandiswa kubva kare. Makemikari anoumba Goldstone uye feldspars.
4. Travertine. Zvikuru gobvu uye dzakasimba ibwe, namatema mukuru pokuoma. Uyewo kune zvakanaka chando nemishonga. Anoshandiswa kuvaka pamusoro ndima chete girenayiti uye namatema. Inoitwa zvicherwa karusiyamu carbonate.
5. Tuff. Beautiful porous ibwe, zvikuru kusunungura. Rinoshandiswa kugadzira kugadzira reminda, rakatarira zvivako. The kwemakemikari hunhu - karusiyamu carbonate, nesilicon yeimwe, kuputika dota uye nekuumbanidzwa dhaka.
6. Jasper - akanaka coloured ibwe inoshandiswa decoration apedzerana uye zvishongo. Zviri musanganiswa nesilicon yeimwe uye oxides simbi.

Kune vakadaro matombo zvakafanana kufanana pabhodhi, basalt, dolomite, reraimu, uye vamwe, izvo zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa mumabhizimisi kuvaka uye aiwanzoshandiswa nemunhu. Natural ibwe, mapikicha izvo zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya, mumwe yanhasi rinofarirwa kupfuura zvinhu nokuda zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa.

Chakagadzirwa nematombo: kupatsanura

Zvivako kwakadaro kunogona mapoka mapoka mana makuru:

• acrylic;
• polyester;
• Goldstone agglomerates;
• kukanda machena.

The chikuru chinoratidza neimwe - ndiko kuti Zvasikwa artificially nomunhu, uye saka hariwaniki vakasununguka muchimiro zvakasikwa. ehupfumi dzavo havasi muduku uye dzimwe nguva mukuru, takovyk dzinongoitika ivhu.

The chikuru munda kushandiswa - mukugadzira countertops, rinosakara, kuratidzwa masvingo, uriri, hwindo Sills nezvimwe hukawanika.

Matombo mumvura - mhando uye zvivako

Sea mabwe - chinhu chinokosha yokushongedzwa nokuda aquariums, zvimbudzi, mukati kushongedzwa nenzira yakakodzera vachizvikwidziridza. Vane tsvarakadenga, siyana ari muchimiro, kukura uye ruvara, nguva dzose ndirumbidzwe.

Ndezvipi zvivako zvakadaro ariko?

1. Coquina. Natural ibwe, yakaumbwa kwemazana emakore kwesuko uye goko zvimedu hwemvura vagere mumakungwa uye makungwa. It ane akanaka samafuta akakodzera kuti kushandiswa pakuvaka nokurondedzerwa. Zvinowanzoshandiswa kushongedzwa kugadzirwa.
2. Namaparera. Rinoreva dzinongoitika gungwa mabwe chii chigadzirwa upenyu shelly dzemugungwa. Kushandiswa zvishongo izvozvo kunoongwa zvikuru nokuda simba, runako uye mukurumari.
3. Korari. Unogonawo kuvati gungwa mabwe, nekuti pakupedzisira dzikava chivakwa yakasimba chaizvo, inoumbwa calcareous zvicherwa, Goldstone uye zvibereko zvinokosha basa vagere penyanza - polyps. Very siyana ruvara, ndivo kupfuura zvinoshamisa zvinhu mu akajeka aquariums. Rakashandiswa zvishongo.

Kureva gungwa mabwe - iri mhuka mavambo, yakaumbwa achifuridzirwa mvura munyu uye zvipenyu.

mabwe anokosha

The kunoshamisa zvikuru, zvinonakidza uye dzakanaka mabwe - chokwadi chinokosha. Shure kwavari akarwa, vanoyemurwa, vakanga vachipisira sechiratidzo chokuremekedza uye rudo, dzaifananidzira simba uye simba. Zvaiva nematombo anokosha chokuita ngano dzakawanda, vaiita simba simba ravo pamusoro muviri hauna akatsanangura kusvikira ikozvino.

Mhando uye mazita

Sezvo akadana mabwe ichi mhando? Mazita vane yakawanda, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye pachavo. kupfuura dzinodhura uye inozivikanwa vari:

• Diamonds - machine psac uye yakabwinyiswa mangoda;
• zvitema nesafiro
• yebhuruu topasi;
• mitema esimaragidhino;
• Tria Rose yomugungwa chinozunguzirwa;
• Violet nezvishava ametesti, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Nematombo - akanaka uye nemamwe zvinogadzirwa kuti upenyu hwevanhu hunakidze, nani uye vakanaka.