Sturmovik "Rook" Su-25: tsananguro, nokurondedzerwa, mapikicha

Events muSiriya uye kutsigira Russia mhepo muboka vakachera nezvokubudirira kwesayenzi paka wedu Air Force. Zvingava musoro kufunga kuti zvichakurukurwa munyaya ndege kupfuura ano, sezvo contingent quantitatively duku kuti basa iri imwe nyika. Pakati siyana ndege, kusanganisira ichangoburwa, kufunga wavhomorwa kuti Su-25 'Grach' kwakaratidzwa kunyange muhondo Afghan. Chii? muchina uyu inozivikanwa kurwa unhu pamusoro wake ngano.

The kwaita pfungwa

Kudiwa muchina nemauto eSoviet akadaro akanzwa yechipiri yezana 60s. Inonyanya kufarirwa mienzaniso kutiza kwemashoko USSR Air Force panguva iyoyo vakanga yakanaka rwisana ndege third-21, third-23, third-19, Su-7b uye Yak-28. Vamwe vavo panguva yechiitwa kuitwa kurwisa kurwiswa nzvimbo muvengi simulated, asi kunyange ipapo nyanzvi dzakanga pachena kuti mune hondo chaiyo, migumisiro yakadaro mhepo rinopamura ingasaoneka chinoshamisa. Chokwadi ndechokuti vose ayo unhu, unyanzvi ichi akasikwa kuti mamwe mabasa. Vazhinji vavo vakanga zvokukochekera, retrofit zvokunze chipfuramabwe okuwedzera zvombo kirasi "mhepo-nyika". Zvisinei, paiva stormtroopers (semuenzaniso, ndiye Su-7b), asi nokukurumidza kukura mhepo kudzivirira mberi-mutsetse pamwero mumusasa yemakambani vavengi asina kufuridzirwa netariro zvikuru. Raiva Vietnam War, iyo akapa mukana kudzidza zvakaitika American vezvikepe (kazhinji kusuruvara) uye kuziva vakawanda chifananidzo maonero ndege zvevhu rutsigiro kushandiswa.

Kutsunga zvinodiwa Specification

Muna 1969, vakawanda avhiyesheni magadzirirwo bureaus, kusanganisira yakakurumbira (Mikoyan, Yakovlev, Ilyushin, Sukhoi), vakakokwa kuti ndiitewo makwikwi kuti zvakanaka chirongwa iri ndege tactical rutsigiro. mahofisi zvose izvi aiva maitiro avo, uye zviitiko chikoro, kusanganisira avo vakawana panguva Great Patriotic War. Mukupera thirties kwakanga kusina mumwe kupfuura SV Ilyushin akasika rakaisvonaka kurwisa ndege IL-2, kuita kurwisana uku kunyanya kushanda. Zvino aifanira kugadzira chinhu chakadai, asi idzva ndege nguva. Ndege, maererano nehondo, anofanira zvinotevera unhu:

• Kukwanisa kupa zvinobudirira pasi mauto pamusoro yemitambo munyika hondo;
• kuita kurwisana mishoni kumativi wachi uye pasi chero maonero, kunyange razero;
• Weatherproof;
• yakakwirira survivability hwakaratidzwa yezviri counteraction romuvengi vachiridzira;
• chakakomba firepower uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvombo zvombo, kusanganisira mukuru-zvakarurama;
• Ndege anofanira huri nyore, undemanding kunoshandisa zvinhu uye nyore kudzora.

The makwikwi akanga akunda Sukhoi, izvozvo akapa ndege gadzira T-8, iyo yakava zvikabva ane warrior hondo ndege "Grach" Su-25.

Makore gumi basa

Hapana chikonzero kutaura zvakadzama sei kugadzira ndege. yasimuka yake yokutanga zvakaita muna 1975 (Test Pilot - Ilyushin), uye zvinotevera ane urongwa Serial kugadzirwa (Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing) vakanga akaanyora. Mumwe makore mana ndichishanda pamusoro Purani, uye muna 1979 magazini rakatanga. The chirongwa rinotungamirirwa M. P. Simonov uye O. Samoylovich. The Su-25 'Grach "akaratidza chaizvo kuita kuitira kuti akanga pakarepo kubatanidzwa muhondo kuvhiyiwa pamusoro Afghanistan vamativi enyika dzamambo, ane saka bvunzo kushanda pasi chaiko yetsiva ezvinhu.

patani

Pamusoro pemvura, ndege iyi home, ane zvakawanda "humpbacked" siluetti, kunokonzerwa hombe mafuta tangi iri seri nzvimbo yemutekenyi, asi pfungwa zvinonyengera. Su-25 'Grach "yakavakirwa pamusoro kwakajairika monoplane zano. Vysokoraspolozhennoe bapiro, fuselage riveted. Plumage zvakare hapana kusiyana chero mavambo. Bapiro refu, zvachose nharaunda 30 sq. m, ane pasi kutsvaira. Hapana chinoshamisa ichi: ari Su-25 'Grach "- subsonic Kurwisa ndege, kumhanya haina kuzvireva. Zvinogona stably svetuka nemusoro rworwendo 30 pa 700 km / h. Tricycle kumhara giya, mhino vanofamba Pamativi iri misha kuti haana kuvhiringidza pfuti. Chinotsva Matangi mashanu: maviri ndege, mumwe iri pakati muchikamu uye mamwe maviri mukati fuselage. Ivo zvakagadzirirwa matani matatu reparafini. Zvayakaita inopiwa kuwedzera mamwe anorembera midziyo maviri. Kazhinji, munhu peziso chokutanga "Grach" Su-25 - munhu kwakajairika ndege, pasina kutambura. Miracles aonekwa pedyo vakaongorora mamiriro ayo.

Nadzo chakasimba

Conceptual akafanana hama IL-2 kure kukwanisa kushanda panguva yakaderera altitudes pasi moto kubva pfuti Anti-ndege uye zvichida chitundumuseremusere mhepo kudzivirira enyika. Saka ndege aigona kukurira izvi dzinoparadza zvinhu, vagadziri vakanga vakanaka runonyengera. SU-25 "Rook" - warrior subsonic kurwisa - chinosanganisira zvinopfuura 7% zvayo zvachose guru pakati pusa kudzivirira nzira. Zvikurukuru azvinoita mutyairi. Shure kwayo simbi headrest cover, mberi - läpinäkyvä triplex 6,5-padiki broneblok, uye panhivi - rinorema-basa titanium. Zvinobudirira kuchengetedza chinokosha zvinoriumba nemagungano, kudzokororwa gadziriro. A zvakaoma chaizvo basa rakanga kunyange "payakaisa rumborera" kukunda Su-25 'Grach ". Soviet warrior subsonic kurwisa ndege vadzokera airfields vane vakawanda mumakomba bara, uye dzimwe nguva vyvorochennye injini imwe vasara.

firepower

Home zvinouraya simba iri kurwiswa ndege wakaiswa pasi ndege, dzimwe nokusunungura mapfundo gumi kwokunze kuturika. Vasere vavo zvakagadzirirwa vakawanda semitones. Total rwisana mutoro - 4.4 mamita Enzanisa kutakura AN-26 anotora mungarava vanenge 6 matani zvinhu .. Number zvombo kushandiswa mhepo, kunosvika mufananidzo 32, uye kunogona akatasva pylons zvakasiyana-siyana pamwe chete, kusanganisira anotungamirirwa uye unguided zvombo zvakagadzirirwa kuparadza pasi uye mhepo huru, mabhomba pakubhadhara ose Matangi vane napalm (500 kg) uye yakaturikwa pfuti pods. Panewo yakavakwa-zviviri-dhiramu pfuti pagomo caliber 30mm (GSH-30). Zviri kunyange zvakaoma kusarudza sei zvakanaka kudana Su-25 'Grach "kana" ichibhururuka tangi "? Kuenzanisa hachisi vachida nyika "nevamwe".

Hanya mutyairi wendege

Panguva Great Patriotic vezvikepe kazhinji stormtroopers akafa. Kwakaita ezvinhu chaizvo muhondo oparesheni, pasi yakakwirira uye kushaya catapults. Seat K-36L, iro vakapakata "Rook" Su-25, achaponesa mutyairi, kunyange kana vachifanira kusiya motokari panguva razero kukwira panguva imwe kumhanya zviuru makiromita paawa. Zvingatova chavanoziva (semuenzaniso, kusangana monstrous zadzisa), umo kana basa rokumanikidzirwa Kuda kutamba uye yakatsiga nzvimbo muchadenga zvichabviswa kugadziridzwa kwaita. Uyezve, upenyu mutyairi anoramba zvakatoitika kutaurwa zvombo rurefu vati chengetekei. Nokuti zvose nguva kushanda, kusanganisira muhondo mamiriro, nokuda rufu mutyairi wendege ari mhepo haana kurasa chero Su-25 'Grach ". Nadzo Kurwisa kutsungirira kunyange zvakananga raparadza nemunhu atirari deko.

Pakurwa

"Akaita debut ake" ndege iyi, sezvo ataurwa munyaya ino, munyika inopisa matenga ose Afghanistan. Kana pakutanga makakatanwa Soviet Air Force vakanzwa njodzi, zvadaro nemakore eighties, ari mujahideen mauto akagamuchira kubva ake "shamwari American" inotakurika mhepo kuzvidavirira mugadziriro, izvo kuomesa zvikuru zvose chokufambisa uye aurayiwe yetsiva mishoni. Kunyange zvakadaro, vezvikepe, mutyairi wacho Su-25 'Grach' makore masere yehondo vakaita anenge 60,000 sorties, chimwe nechimwe zvave kunobatsira chaizvo. Chikonzero yakakwirira prices akava sighting gadziriro ASP-17BTS-8, iyo inopa rakarurama raparadza, uye avionics nezvimwe zvinoriumba kwakaitwa kusanganisira nokushandiswa Laser kwemichina. The rinokosha muchinangwa uye kupisa misungo, zvinotsausa "Stingers" ndege, - vari zvinowanzoshandiswa dzimwe ndege Soviet nendege pamusoro Afghan yemitambo remapazi. The BSN rakarasika 23 ndege "kurwisa kupfura pasi" neavhareji maawa 2800 (ndizvo chaizvo). Ndege "Grach" Su-25 akaita 139 anotangazve mukuru-zvakarurama akatungamirira zvombo ari mujahideen nemishonga pfungwa, uye chete vaviri asvika chinangwa.

Stormtrooper rava huru "workhorse" panguva yokutanga Chechen Campaign (1994-1996), iri nguva, Mauto vakapfura pasi muzvikamu zvina. mupiro wake guru danho rechipiri yokurwisana, pashure munyika pakupedzisira norugare.

Excellent kuita, akavimbika uye nyore ndege pave vazvo ake kunze. Ari basa munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira vaiva Warsaw chibvumirano. Zvinosuruvarisa, asi yakanakisisa kushambadza kuti ndege uto raro kubatanidzwa muhondo dzeko, iyo pakupera XX uye pakutanga XXI emakore zvakakwana. The Kurwisa Soviet vakanga varwa muAngola (1975-2002), Iraq (1980-1988), Tajikistan (1992-1997), Abkhazia (1992-1993), Karabakh (1991-1994), Zimbabwe, Ethiopia (1998-2000), Macedonia ( 2001), zvakare yokuIraq (1991) uye vamwe "inopisa mavara". Sad ndandanda muna 2014 Ukraine mberi.

Pachine basa refu

Panguva "ushamwari zvikuru" pamwe United States ndiyo imwe mhando ye "kupanana ruzivo" mauto mbiri dzine, panguva iyo vakanga nomukana enzanisa mimwe zvombo zvakasiyana. Kunyanya, US vezvikepe vaigona kuongorora mukana kutiza Su-25 'Grach ". vezvikepe ruzivo akanga ashumira kwemakore mazhinji US Air Force, kwakatungamirira mufaro wakakwana kubva dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki maonero ndege, waitova kuti yakakodzera chaizvo kudzora. Pasinei vanoremekedzwa zera kukura uye chaiko kugumiswa yayo firimu, kurwisa haina simba rayo kuita. Iye zvino, Air Force uye Navy of Russian Federation vari pabasa anenge 240 "Rooks" okunatsiridza siyana. Mukuwedzera, muchiuto nevamwe inoti hakuna kukurumidza kumutuma kupinda pamudyandigere. Vazhinji vari Belarus (anenge zana) uye Ukraine (35), asi avo vezvikepe mauto piloting gumi nevaviri nyika. Kubvira muna 1999, yakatakura kunze mazuvaano ari muzvigadzirwa paka yeRussian Air Force, kusanganisira Su-25 'Grach "yakadzika. Russian warrior subsonic kurwisa ndege achava mubasa kusvikira zvinenge 2020.