Technocracy - nayo zvisina mhosva pfungwa kana vakaipisisa pakati pezviitiko?

Philosophy of Technology kunoita zvose kusimbisa basa michina intelligentsia iri muenzaniso yanhasi. Kunyange pakati remakore rapfuura, yakakurumbira pakati nyanzvi kuti pfungwa technocracy, waiva sezvo migumisiro hunoshamisa nokufambira mberi mune zvesayenzi.

Thorstein Veblen uye basa rake

Chii technocracy? A pfupi tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi zvinoreva simba mainjiniya, akaonekwa uye yakatanga mubasa Thorstein Veblen. Kumukuru zvakadini nezvezvitadzo evanhu pakuva rakanyorwa yake inonzi "Engineers uye mutengo gadziriro", rakabudiswa muna 1921. In wake unyanzvi uye nesayenzi nyanzvi kuita basa mberi bhizimisi uye vanhu, vari ngoni mari uye atsive dzakanga madenderedzwa nzanga nokuda vanhuwo zvakanaka. Maererano pfungwa Veblen, muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, yava nguva kuunza pamwe chete nenyanzvi ari zvemichina uye paumbwe chikuru nzvimbo iri ouchenjeri kudzora vanhu. Panguva iyoyo, mumwe aigona kuti technocracy - vanzwisise kuti ane kubudirira, kutaura Veblen akawana imwe apindure Burl, Frisch nevamwe.

The kwaita technocrats rwokufamba

In wechitatu ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri muUnited States, apo vanhu akanga achirapwa zvoupfumi, paiva kufamba, somunhu technocracy. Tsanangudzo chirongwa chacho uye nenheyo zvaibva pfungwa yakakwana evanhu mashandiro inopindirana zvakakwana pfungwa Veblen. Vateveri technocracy akaparidza kuuya itsva zera, munzanga zvido zvose vari kugutsikana, munzanga mainjiniya uye wevanamakanika uitore kutungamirira nzvimbo. Naivowo akapa murau hupfumi bhora, pasina nematambudziko, zvakakodzera hurumende ichiisa mari nezvimwe nyaya.

Sangano kuwedzera technocrats. Paiva masangano anodarika mazana matatu kuti akarota pamusoro kwemaindasitiri uye kuronga nesayenzi, kushandiswawo yose nyika.

Technocracy mumabhuku Bernheim uye Galbraith

Muna 1941, Dzheyms Bernhaym, nyanzvi kubva America, zvakabudisa bhuku "The Managerial Revolution." Mariri vakati technocracy - a political chaiyo mutsetse munyika dzinoverengeka. Akacherechedza kuti technocratic chimurenga saka inobata vanhu, haasi gutsaruzhinji anouya kutsiva capitalism uye "nzanga kudzora". Kuzvidzora chokuita pfuma, pasina hapana zvimwe. Muridzi uye kudzora mamiriro uye makuru makambani vanoparadzaniswa. Bernheim aidavira kuti pfuma inofanira kuva kutonga, kureva mamaneja.

Mugore 60-70-ies pakati pfungwa technocracy yakazokudziridzwa nemabasa Dzhona Kenneta Galbraith kuti "Economic dzidziso uye zvinangwa munzanga" uye "The New Industrial State". In Galbraith kuti pfungwa yakavakirwa pfungwa "technostructure", pasocial akanyatsorongwa kuti vanachiremba vari zvekushandisa munda, ndiko "mutakuri seboka uchenjeri uye mhinduro."

The vachishingaira kutanga maindasitiri munzanga, asi "technostructure" iri kuramba kukosha kwete chete pane zveupfumi nyaya, asiwo paruzhinji yaitonga. Chikonzero ichi kuti simba rezvematongerwo enyika dzinofanira kusimbiswa pana wevanamakanika vanoshandisa ruzivo uye nesayenzi kudzora vanhu.

Technocracy - ndiyo nheyo dzidziso "technotronic vanhu" by Zbigniew Bzhezhinskogo uye "post-maindasitiri nzanga" Deniela Bella.

Technocrat Daniel Bell

Daniel Bell - nyanzvi uye purofesa wepaHarvard, riri technocratic kuitika zvouzivi. Munguva 60s akatanga dzidziso post-maindasitiri munzanga. It Bell vakatsanangura chiratidzo capitalism kuchinja kunobva matambudziko mberi mune zvesayenzi uye unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, ayo kutendeuka mugadziriro itsva, iyo yaizova akasiyana maindasitiri muvanhu uye vakaramba kusunungurwa kubva kutsanangura ayo.

Kutsoropodza technocratic misimboti

technocrats aanenge yakatekeshera kwenguva refu nguva yakanga kumbobvira ari kupokana. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, inguva zvinoshamisa matongo, ichiwedzera negoho uye kuwedzera kurarama mitemo munyika dzakawanda. Pamwe zvakanaka urongwa, kwezvinhu mberi kwaita nokusimbaradza akawanda kunaka mananara kuti akaisa upenyu hwevanhu pangozi. Kuongororwa technocracy, idealized tarisiro chinoratidzwa kusarudzwa mabasa ounyanzvi, izvo zvinosanganisira uye dystopia: "pakuva 14" Karl Vonnegut, "kuchipfuura 451," Ray Bradbury "," Brave New World "by Aldous Huxley," 1984 "by George Orwell vamwe. mabasa aya kukanganisa vanhu, mhosva pevatongi nzanga technocrats, umo gnoblenie rusununguko uye munhu akazvimiririra zvikuru vakava zvesainzi.

Kwokuwirirana kutarisa technocracy

Nhasi vazivi vaiona technocracy dambudziko somumwe rinofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza. Avo mhosva technocratic mazano zvakasimba kuti uzivi, vakabata yetsika, kwouzivi uye zviri pamutemo, Sociological uye dzinokosha zvinangwa kuti vimbisa munzanga technocracy - nenzira kukura benzi.