The nemamiriro Freshwater hydra

Munyaya ino uchadzidza zvose pamusoro nemamiriro Freshwater hydra, nzira yaro muupenyu, kudya kunovaka, kubereka.

The kwokunze nemamiriro hydra

Polyp (zvinoreva "Thalipedes") Hydra - zvisikwa translucent dukuduku kuti vararame zvakajeka segirazi mvura nzizi anonoke ano, nyanza, madziva. mhuka iyi cnidarian kana ndakagara mararamiro zvakabatanidzwa. The kwokunze nemamiriro Freshwater hydra nyore chaizvo. The muviri ane substantially kodzero cylindrical chimiro. Pane imwe yacho migumo riri muromo iyo akapoteredzwa korona munhu muzvizhinji refu matete tentacles (mashanu navaviri). Panguva imwe mugumo muviri chete, kuburikidza izvo mhuka chinogona kubatanidzwa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi mvura. Freshwater hydra muviri kureba kusvika 7 neMM, asi tentacles vanogona kuwedzera zvikuru kusvika kureba masendimita anoverengeka.

TOUR symmetry

Ngatikurukurei kwokunze nemamiriro hydra. The tafura chichabatsira kuyeuka nhengo dzomuviri uye avo mabasa.

Muviri hydra, uyewo nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda, kutungamirirwa yakasimbiswa upenyu, dzinoratidzwa TOUR symmetry. Chii? Kana isu kufungidzira hydra uye pamwe yokufungidzira akabatana womuviri, iyo tentacles wemhuka kuchaita diverge kubva akabatana mune zvose mirayiridzo, sezvinoita kupenya kwezuva.

Vaka hydra zvinosiyana nzira yaro muupenyu. It wanamatira munhu anyatsofukidzwa chinhu, sole, Inosendamira pasi otanga shanyarika, kusora nzvimbo dzakapoteredza nokubatsirwa tentacles. The mhuka yakadaro. Sezvo hydra misungo kubata, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa divi, kufanana nemwaranzi zvakafanana, ichibata nokurongwa tentacles optimally.

intestinal mhango

The womukati nemamiriro hydra wacho kunyatsotarisisa. Muviri wakaita hydra oblong homwe. masvingo aro rinoumbwa maviri akaturikidzana masero, pakati izvo extracellular chizvaro (mesoglea). Saka, pane intestinal mukati muviri (gastric) mhango. Food chinopinda mariri achishandisa muromo. Chii kunakidza ndechokuti hydra, izvo pari haadyi, muromo zvachose haazovipo. Ectoderm masero dzakavharika uye fused uyewo mamwe muviri pamusoro. Saka nguva dzose usati wadya, hydra vane kuzodzosera kuchera muromo.

The nemamiriro Freshwater hydra anobvumira kuti vachinje nzvimbo yavo yokugara. Mujinga mhuka pane rakamanikana buri - aboral vanoenda. Kuburikidza nahwo kubva intestinal lumen mvura anogona kusunungurwa, uye vashoma gasi sefuro. With mashandiro ichi anokwanisa hydra patsanura kubva substrate uye kuyangarara vakananga mvura pamusoro. Nenzira iyi nyore, uchishandisa dzenzvimbo, zviri vakagara pamusoro gungwa.

ectoderm

The womukati nemamiriro hydra akapa ectoderm uye endoderm. Ectoderm akadana chokunze rukoko masero achiumba muviri hydra. Kana kutarira mhuka nemaikorosikopu, unogona kuona kuti zvinoreva zvakawanda mhando ectoderm masero: anopedza, zvenguva uye epithelial-tsandanyama.

The Kudeuka boka - ganda-tsandanyama masero. Dzakwanisa mumwe uye zvinoumba lateral mativi pose muviri remhuka. Sero rimwe nerimwe rine nechimwe - cancellable tsandanyama fibril. mashandiro ichi chinopa kugona kufamba.

Tiine rutapudzo pamusoro fibrils muviri mhuka akadzokera, elongates, Bends. Uye kana kuderera kwakaitika chete rumwe rutivi rwomuviri, iyo hydra Bends. Pamusana basa iri masero mhuka inogona kufamba nenzira mbiri - "tumbling" uye "pacing."

Uyewo rokunze rukoko vanosarudzirwa chaiita senyeredzi masero etsinga. Vane refu pezvakaitwa umo kuonana nomumwe, pova chete rezvebonde - plexus, entwine muviri yose hydra. Batanidza masero etsinga uye ganda-tsandanyama.

Pakati masero epithelial-tsandanyama akaronga mapoka maduku, vakagumisa masero pamwe zvenguva makuru nuclei uye shoma cytoplasm. Kana hydra muviri wakaremara, ipapo zvenguva masero dzinotanga kukura uye chakaparadzanisa. Vanokwanisa kurichinja chero mhando muchitokisi.

masero anopedza

Hydra Sero mamiriro unofadza zvikuru, zvakakodzerwa kududzwa anopedza (yorukato) masero, riri Dziine rose mutumbi mhuka, kunyanya tentacles. masero anopedza vane kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Mukuwedzera musimboti uye cytoplasm muchitokisi yaiva vesicular anopedza mukamuri mukati iyo anokungurutsirwa munzvimbo kumicheto wakanakisisa shinda anopedza.

Masero anoenda tisanzwe bvudzi. Kana chakaurawa kana muvengi anouya bvudzi ichi, kuti kuswatura munhu unopinza anopedza filament, uye unorasirwa kunze. The unopinza muromo rinobaya muviri wacho, uye achipfuura napamusoro mukati rwebhuruu chiteshi iri vaipa muchetura kuti anogona kuuraya mhuka duku.

Kazhinji, izvozvo akaparirwa yakawanda masero anopedza. Hydra tentacles kubatwa chayabata, mwoyo muromo wake uye Inomedza. The uturu secreted nemasero anopedza, uye anoshumira kudzivirira. zvikara zvihombe hamubati chinorwadza anopedza hydras. Uturu pakati hydra kwayo chiito afanane muchetura porukato.

masero anopedza rinogona kukamurwa marudzi anoverengeka. Vamwe tambo jekiseni muchetura, vamwe - vari upholstered kumativi akuvara, vamwewo kuitevedzera. Avhiyiwa anopedza Sero anofa uye zvenguva achiumbwa kubva itsva.

entoderm

Hydra mamiriro zvinoreva kuvapo zvivako akadai ane rukoko chomukati masero endoderm. Masero aya vane tsandanyama contractile fibrils. basa ravo chikuru - kugaya. endoderm masero secrete zvomudumbu muto zvakananga kupinda intestinal lumen. Under ake simba kurimwa iri rwakakamukana inoramba. Vamwe masero endoderm vane refu flagella, nguva dzose ari parwendo. basa ravo - kudhonza tudonhwe zvokudya masero, izvo, akavapindurawo, kubereka rutsoka kwenhema uye anofarirwa chikafu.

Kugaya mberi mukati masero, rinonzi saka intracellular. Kupatsanurwa zvokudya vacuoles, uye undigested vakasara vari vabudiswa kubudikidza muromo. Afemeruke uye kusunungurwa kunoitika kuburikidza nomuviri pamusoro. Funga zvakare muchitokisi nemamiriro hydra. The tafura achaita pachena kudaro.

hunenge

The nemamiriro hydra ndechokuti anogona kunzwa kuchinja tembiricha, makemikari anoumba mumvura, uyewo akagunzva nezvimwe kuitika. Masero etsinga hwemhuka kunogona kuva kufara. Somuenzaniso, kana kutinzwira muromo tsono, chiratidzo akanzwa nenzira kubatwa kwokuramba masero etsinga chichange Kutamiswa, kuti masero etsinga - kuti epithelial-tsandanyama. Skin uye tsandanyama masero sei uye kuderera, kuti hydra chichange compressed kuva bhora.

Akadaro maitiro - wakajeka muenzaniso dzepanguva. Uyu kunzwisisa chakajairika zvinosanganisira anotevedzana matanho - omumwe wacho anotikurudzira, nokupfuuridzirwa excitation uye mhinduro. Hydra uri nyore chaizvo chimiro, saka monotonous uye hunenge.

patsva

The cellular nemamiriro hydra achibvumira kuti panoda mhuka yacho duku. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko zvenguva masero riri pamusoro pemvura muviri, unogona kuva mumwe mhando.

Kana kukuvara masero omuviri dzinotanga zvenguva nokukurumidza zviparadzanise, kukura uye kutsiva zvisipo zvikamu. The ronda runoporesa. mano Hydra rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe zvokuti yakakwirira kuti kana isu vaiguranye hafu, imwe vanokura itsva tentacles uye muromo, uye mumwe - the hunde uye inotsikwa.

agamobium

Hydra anogona bereka zvose asexual uye zvepabonde nenzira. Under akanaka ezvinhu muzhizha iri muviri mhuka rinooneka dhumhira diki, rusvingo bulges. Nokufamba kwenguva, nomurwi inokura, izvozvo kunosvika. Pakuguma kwayo pane tentacles hwatsvuka muromo.

Saka pane muduku hydra chokuita mubereki muviri kwedzinde. Izvi zvinonzi yotunga, sezvo rakafanana pokumuka nhungirwa itsva chirimwa. Kana wechiduku Hydra akagadzirira kugara oga dzavo, izvozvo atwo. Child uye rwaamai muviri vasiyana substrate tentacles vakakwevera kwakasiyana-siyana kusvikira vakapamura.

syngenesis

Kana rwunotanga kuva chando uye akasika vanoshorwa ezvinhu, anouya dzoro kurara kubereka. Mumatsutso iri zvenguva hydraulic dzinotanga kuumbika utachiona masero, mukono nehadzi, kuti ndiye, zai uye dzisingaoneki masero. Egg masero hydras akafanana notupukanana. Vane guru, akafukidza rutsoka kwenhema. Dzisingaoneki masero akafanana flagellate majemusi, vanokwanisa kushambira tichibatsirwa flagella, uye kusiya mutumbi hydra.

Pashure pokunge urume anopinda zai, avo nuclei fiyuzi uye muchangosangana kunoitika. Pseudopodia zai masero vanokweverwa, zvinonzi wakatenderera, uye goko kunova mukobvu. Akaumba zai.

Vose hydra mumatsutso, pakatanga kuchitonhora, vanourayiwa. Muviri waamai unoora, asi zai anoramba mupenyu uye muchando. Muchirimo rwunotanga vachishingaira kuparadzanise, masero vanosarudzirwa mbiri akaturikidzana. With kutanga ushamwari okunze, shoma hydra anovhunanya goko ari zai uye inotanga akazvimirira upenyu.