The nemamiriro fungal masero. Types Howa: chacho uye mbiriso

Nature howa kwagara mibvunzo yakawanda. Munyaya ino tichashandisa kuedza kubata nawo uye kudzidza pamusoro STRUCTURAL zvaiva fungal masero.

Ndechipi howa: muti kana mhuka?

In yokutanga yezana XX remakore howa rinoreva chirimwa. Ongororo Detailed dzakaratidza kuti havana chikuru chepfungwa chirimwa, kureva kukwanisa photosynthesize, asi mhuka dzine zvakawanda zvakafanana. Asi kutaura uku akapikisa. Muna 1969, masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti maumbirwo fungal sero ane pachake rakasiyana zvachiri, uye saka vanofanira kunzi munhu yoga hwaJehoshafati zvakasikwa.

Setsika, sainzi Mycology iri davi bhotani. Kufanana zvinenge vakawanda, notumwe vari eukaryotes superkingdom, kana zvenyukireya. peculiarity yavo uvete kwetunhu unhu kuri kune dzimwe zvipenyu. Kufanana miti, havana maoko, makumbo, maziso, yakazvimirira kufamba zvakavaomera zvakare. Pamwe chete notumwe izvi havakwanisi kubereka Organic zvinhu. Semhuka, ivo ndivapedze mu rakapera chimiro.

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu siyana chaivo mapoka. Count uwandu zvipenyu kuti vanobatanidzwa iri kudenga, zvakaoma kunyange nyanzvi. Nhamba siyana 300,000 kusvika mamiriyoni akawanda. Howa tiri chikamu zvose pano uye hwemvura zvinhu zvipenyu.

The nemamiriro fungal masero

Avhareji Ukuru fungal sero dhayamita kubva 10 kusvika 100 microns. Kunze, izvozvo yakafukidzwa zvakaoma goko, kana sero rusvingo. Inoitwa polysaccharides, lipids, phosphates, nyore shuga, mapuroteni, chitin uye zvimwe zvinhu. Inside rusvingo akazadza plasma Kamudzira, riri basa muviri uye dzigadziridzwe kuvafurira.

The Kamudzira izere Urume - cytoplasm umo vose organelles. Muchimiro nezvimedu duku iri cytoplasm chinhu glycogen chengetedza muviri. Hwaro ndiyo sero musimboti, mashoko majini ririmo. Pangava anoverengeka, zvichienderana norudzi howa. Dzimwe ari musimboti ndiyo nucleolus.

Maumbirwo fungal sero iri dzinoratidzwa pamberi vacuoles, centrioles, mitochondria Lobas. Ivo ane Golgi midziyo , pamwe chete nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka siyana, somuenzaniso lysosomes uye phagosomes. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha zvose yenhengo ayo makemikari kugadzirisa secretions. Endoplasmic reticulum aimiririra fungal sero ramified richikurukura tubules uye ducts, achiita zhinji mabasa. Pakati pavo - kuunganidza makabhohaidhiretsi, neutralization muchetura, kemikari usage.

Mufananidzo wacho fungal sero chinopiwa kuna dzako pamusoro.

Zvakasiyana zviri marongerwo

Pamwe chete nemhuka ndezvaMwari eukaryotes notumwe nokuda pamberi mumasero dzavo nuclei. Panyaya iyi, cellular maumbirwo zvipenyu izvi ane kufanana. Most akasiyana Zvinoumba nemhuka uye zvinomera, asi nemamiriro fungal sero chinhu chiri pakati.

Ivo, sezvinoita zvinomera, vane simba sero rusvingo. Hazvina chete inoumbwa cellulose, mumwe chitin, iyo aripo mune dzimwe mhuka (crayfish, tumbuyu nezvimwewo. D.). Howa havana chloroplasts uye haagoni photosynthesis. Sezvinoitwa miti, masero howa ane vacuoles, uye pachinzvimbo starch - glycogen.

The chikuru zvakakurumbira kuchiitwa dzimwe notumwe uye mhuka pamberi chitin uye glycogen polysaccharide kuunganidza somunhu inotonhorera. Vamiriri vose umambo vane heterotrophic kudya kunovaka. masero Animal, mukusiyana kuti notumwe, vane gobvu vacuoles uye muchitokisi masvingo, kunze unodzivirira membrane.

anoumba

Pakati hombe siyana howa nokuora vari, nenzira sayenzi - oomycetes. Ko hapana chakasiyana nezvimwe marudzi masero ose notumwe. Sechivako zvipenyu izvi ane kwokunze kusiyana. Havana iziviswe muviri mumwe muchero (dzokubereka nhengo), kufanana blewits. All kuti kunogona kuonekwawo pamwe akashama ziso - munhu zvikuru mapazi mycelia, vane blewits kazhinji yakavigwa pasi muvhu. Fruiting muviri kubva Foroma simba.

The chikuru Pakanzi chinhu nemaziso saizi. Utachiona uhwu vari rinoparadzirwa pasi pose. Mould akawanikwa kunyange muaizi Antarctica. notumwe izvi bereka kubudikidza spores uye zvinonyanya kwazvo unyoro. Vari dzinoratidzwa mukuru wokurarama uye kuchinjika kuti siyana dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Mould hazvirevi kuuraya kunyange nemwaranzi. Kune mhando anogona kukuvadza zvikuru vanhu nemhuka (aspergillosis, etc ..), Uye vamwe anoshandiswa sezvo nemishonga (kuti penicillin, cyclosporine).

mbiriso

Mumwe marudzi notumwe vari mbiriso. Kusiyana pileate uye hunokuvadza havasi anowanzoita kunganzi mycelium. Kubereka kwazvakaita ichi hachisi spores, kufanana "hama" dzavo uye vegetatively kuburikidza vachigoverana kana yotunga. Dzimwe vachiri kuumba mycelium, izvo zvinogona kuputsa muzvitokisi kuroorwa.

Yeasts anokwanisa anoora shuga kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa uye doro. Izvi zvinonzi chinovira. In kwayo Implementation nayo pachena simba rinodiwa kuti chakuvhe basa. Chinovira anobatsira simudza mukanyiwa, zvichiita porous, saka rinowanzoshandiswa mukubika.

Mbiriso yakawanda mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza. Kwavari, kuvapo inokosha substrate shuga. Vari anoparadzirwa pamusoro pemvura michero uye kunosiya dzinongoitika miviri mvura uye nevhu. Vamwe howa vanogara dumbu nezvipembenene vanodya huni.