The retina: The mashandiro uye marongerwo. retinal ziso basa

Kukwanisa kubvisa uye chiratidzo chakajeka - rakasiyana chinokosha kwete chete vanhu asiwo mhuka. Kuburikidza dzidziso kunoitika muna nzvimbo uye zvakatipoteredza, yakawanda mashoko: tinoziva kuti achibatsirwa muviri womunhu anosimuka kusvika 90% mashoko ose pamusoro zvinhu uye zvakatipoteredza. The akasiyana marongerwo uye cellular Kuronga the retina akabvumira kwete chete kunzwisisa chiedza kuzvinetsa, asiwo kusiyanisa pakati zvavo spectral maitiro. Ngatitarisei kuti vavake the retina, ayo mashandiro uye zvaidiwa neuronal sangano. Asi kungotaura pamusoro wayo mamiriro haangazorori nemaonero munhu akatakura nhumbi zivo yesayenzi, asi kubva pfungwa nemaonero avhareji mugari.

retinal ziso basa

Ngatitange pamwe huru. Mhinduro yomubvunzo, ndedzipi chikuru mashandiro ari the retina riri nyore. Chokutanga pane maonero chechiedza anotikurudzira.

By pezvawakaita, chiedza chiri remagetsi chinozunguzirwa ane zvakananga oscillation kakawanda, izvo zvinoita kuti maonero ari the retina mavara akasiyana. Mano ruvara chiratidzo - rakasiyana chepfungwa Kushanduka mhuka. Achibatsirwa nokubudirira mune zvesayenzi, midziyo ano, itsva fluorescent makemikari anogona kutarira vanyura nemamiriro nhengo nechaanoona, kujekesa nokukanganisika pezvakaitwa uye kunzwisisa kuti the retina kushanda zvokushandisa nani. A navo sezvo zvinoitika, vazhinji, uye mumwe akasiyana.

The the retina ziso: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti the retina riri mukati ziso uye ndiye yomukatikati kuti deko ake. Zvinozivikanwa kuti racho maumbirwo rine anonzi masero photosensitive. Zvakananga kuburikidza navo uye anoita photoreception the retina chaitika.

zita ravo aibva, chii chimiro vane masero. Saka, masero tsvimbo serin'i vanonzi "tsotso", uye masero akafanana makemikari mudziyo unonzi "girobhu racho" - vakagamuchira zita "cône".

Pematanda uye pasikweya akasiyana mumwe kwete chete zvaiva histological mamiriro. Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo ari sei vakaona chiedza chawo spectral maitiro. Sticks vane basa omumwe wacho luminous nekubudisa mumadekwana - ". Katsi zvose vari vachena" panguva apo, sezvo shoko anoenda, Asi pasikweya vane basa ruvara chiratidzo maonero.

Functional zviri pasikweya

Pakati pasikweya emit nemakirasi matatu akasiyana: pasikweya vane basa omumwe munyoro, tsvuku uye zvitema zvikamu chakarondedzera azvaitwa. Mumwe cône chinowedzera kuti paumbwe ruvara nechiratidzo, izvo processing yacho projected mufananidzo. Mune mufananidzo wokupedzisira ruvara nokuumbwa kunobva kukura umo pendi iri pakutanga vauye the artist. Saizvozvowo, the retina transmits ruzivo pamusoro spectral unhu chiedza: Zvichienderana sei zvinoyerera pulses pasikweya nechimwe mapoka hatina kuenda chiratidzo chimwe ruvara.

Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kuona mitema ruvara, kupfuura doro pauri pasikweya, basa uswa munharaunda chakarondedzera. Uye kana ukaona tsvuku - Saka, ukuwo, nokuti tsvuku. Saka the retina weziso kwevanhu mabasa havasi chete ari maonero ari luminous zvinoyerera asiwo kutanga tinyatsonzwisisa ayo spectral zvatariswa.

The akaturikidzana of the retina, uye vari sei kudiwa

Zvichida mumwe munhu achifunga kuti pakarepo mushure izvo chiedza zvakananga anorova pematanda uye pasikweya, uye vane uyewo kwakabatana kune optic etsinga fibers kutakura mashoko kuuropi. Chokwadi hachisi. Asati richisvika pematanda uye pasikweya, chiedza zvakakodzera kukunda vose akaturikidzana yose the retina (uye kuverenga 10), uye chete ita zvinoenderana nechiedza-inonyatsoziva masero (pematanda uye pasikweya).

Wejira rukoko iri ruvara rukoko of the retina. Chinangwa chake ndechokuti kuchengeta backlight. rukoko uyu ruvara masero somumvuri dema kamera firimu kamera (kureva nhema ruvara hakuiti kusika kudzvokora, uye izvi zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo zvikuru Crisp, chiedza zvichiratidza kunyangarika). rukoko urwu kunovimbisa paumbwe chifananidzo unopinza uchishandisa Manyiminya vezvenhau ziso. In pedyo chaizvo napedyo panhurikidzwa imwe masero pigmented pedyo pematanda uye pasikweya, uye chikamu ichi runoita kuona nehasha. Zvakaratidza kuti retinal akaturikidzana vari sokunge nenhendashure. Yomukatikati rukoko ndiyo marongera masero dzakananga, izvo kubudikidza nhume yapakati rukoko masero kubatwa kuuya mashoko kubva pematanda uye pasikweya. The axons masero aya kuuya pamwe chete kubva pamusoro pemvura the retina uye kusiya yeziso kuburikidza vanonzi bofu gwapa.

Panguva iyi, hapana chiedza-inonyatsoziva pematanda uye pasikweya, uye kubva yeziso kunze optic etsinga. Uyezve, pano midziyo kuti anopa trophism the retina. Chinoitika muviri kunogona kukanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu the retina, inova nyore uye chaiwo dzekuziva nadzo nechirwere zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Localization petsvimbo uye pasikweya

Nature aida kuitira kuti pematanda uye pasikweya dziri vanoiswa mhiri pechiso the retina. Muna fovea (yakanakisisa chiono nharaunda) ane chikuru wevasungwa kuti cône masero. Izvi imhaka yokuti nharaunda iri kukonzera pachena zvawakaratidzwa. Sezvo kure kunoderedza uwandu pasikweya zvomusoro fossa, vanoverengeka tsotso - kunowedzera. Saka, arikunze of the retina anomiririrwa chete zvimiti. Ichi chinowanikwa mamiriro anotipa chiratidzo chakajeka panguva mukuru chiedza mumatunhu uye zvinobatsira kusiyanisa hurukuro zvinhu yakaderera.

retinal neuronal sangano

Pakarepo shure zvakaturikidzaniswa petsvimbo uye pasikweya dziri akaturikidzana maviri masero etsinga. It akaturikidzana nedambudziko uye ganglion masero. Uyezve, pachine chetatu (pakati) rukoko masero chinjikira. Chinangwa chikuru boka iri chikuru kubudiswa afferent nomunhu runobva pematanda uye pasikweya.

Interesting zvinhu nemamiriro ari the retina

Zvino tinoziva zvinotaura the retina. Marongerwo kushanda kwayo, hatina kare kukurukurwa. Zvinofanira kutaurwa vo pamusoro zvinofadza zvikuru zvine chokuita nyaya iyi.

Kuti vabudirire ruvara layer chiedza chine kupfuura vose akaturikidzana masero etsinga, pinda pematanda uye pasikweya uye kusvika ruvara rukoko!

Chimwe chinoratidza nemamiriro the retina ndiwo sangano kuitira chiono chakajeka masikati. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti muna fovea neimwe cône hwakabatana ayo ganglion muchitokisi, uye sezvo chinhambo kusvika arikunze ane ganglion Sero anounganidza mashoko kubva pematanda anoverengeka uye pasikweya.

Retinal zvirwere zvavo kuongorora chirwere

Saka chii chiri kushanda the retina? Chokwadi, maonero aya luminous zvinoyerera riri kuumbwa refracting nhau ziso. Zvaipesana basa iri kunotungamirira kutyorwa pachena chiratidzo. In ophthalmology, pane hosha dzakawanda retinal. chirwere ichi, nokuda chinopedza pezvakaitwa uye nezvirwere izvo kwakavakirwa chinopedza uye tumoral urongwa, delamination, ropa.

Basic uye zviratidzo zvikuru kuti zvingaratidza retinal chirwere, ndiyo kukanganisika kutarisana acuity. Mune ramangwana, pangava Manyiminya yeChina, kurasikirwa Zvinhu minda uye zvakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe zviratidzo. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vasanyanye kutarisana acuity hwobva kubvunza ane ophthalmologist, uye zvakaitika zvakakodzera kuongorora.

mhedziso

Vision - chipo chikuru hunhu, uye the retina mashandiro ayo mamiriro - munhu dzakarukwa zvakanaka vakarongwa kuva STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka zvinhu yeziso.

Panguva Chaiyo kubvunza uye yokudzivisa bvunzo nomumwe ophthalmologist kuchabatsira kuona kutarisana analyzer chirwere uye kutanga kurapwa nenguva. Sezvineiwo, mushonga ano ane rakasiyana ruzivo anogona chaizvoizvo maminitsi 20-30 kubvisa ziso zvirwere uye vadzosere kukwanisa kuchenesa zvaakaratidzwa. Uye achiziva chii mashandiro ari the retina, zvinokwanisika kuti vaigadzirise.