The riripo Danho kukura tsika kunoratidzwa chii?

Modern tsika nyika ine unhu yayo chaiyo kuti zvinoita nevamwe uye nemamwe ari mukuru netsika uye nhoroondo chechinyorwa. Zvakakosha kurapa nayo holistically, sechikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu evanhu vemazuva ano, kungava nezvetsika, tsika, ukama pamutemo kana pachiyero rwokugadzirwa kukura uye zvoupfumi chinhu. Chokwadi, tsanangudzo chinoratidza kuti tsika imwe nyaya mhando urwu hahuzozadziki, saka isu ichanyanya chete pamusoro zvinokosha zvoupenyu nemagariro. Saka, chii chiri chinokosha pamusoro chipo padariro kukura nemagariro rine?

Basa European tsika munyika nemagariro nzvimbo

Hapana chakavanzika kuti Danho kuitika kukura tsika kunoratidzwa chinoshingaira muitiro nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose, zvakasimba vamire maererano reEurope tsika. Izvi ndezvechokwadi nokuti zvinenge zvose kumatunhu enyika, kunyange pakawanda. Izvi anonzi Westernization uye kunozivikanwa nematambudziko Eurocentrism kuongorora tarisiro mamwe tsika kukura munzanga. Ndokusaka pfungwa unofanira kupiwa tsika iyi sezvo rinokosha uye chinokosha noupenyu mabhiriyoni evanhu munyika nhasi.

Miganhu European tsika

The European tsika, somumwe, ari kusiyaniswa nemanyorero aro, yakananga zvinhu uye tsika. Chokwadi, kukura kwebasa raro nevafungi siyana Unotsanangura zvakasiyana, uyewo zvinyorwa waro nezvekutanga zvinhu. Pano, tichava kuomerera kwazvo enyika uye akapotsa noushamwari pfungwa kuti ano European tsika rayo mafungiro uye maitiro yakaumbwa muna Renaissance uye ano. Other kunechekuita - yekare, dzenhoroondo nevamwe - isu kurongera sezvo inokosha rakasiyana mhando risati ano nemagariro idzodzo mu Europe.
Saka, chii yakasiyana mune chipo padariro kukura nemagariro? Nemamwe mashoko, chii zvayo zvinokosha zvinhu vangazivikanwa Sezviratidzo chaizvo kuti kusiyanisa kubva mamwe marudzi nemagariro?

rationalism

Rationalist chaikosha ndechokuti zvakajeka unoratidza kukura tsika Panguva iyi. Izvi zvinoonekwa dzakunokonzera pamuviri wenyika, tsika dziri chinoumba zviwanikwa womunhu nenjere. Zvakakosha kuziva Vector kuEurope rationalism, nekuti zvakasiyana chaizvo nezvimwe, kunyanya zvetsika yokuMabvazuva mutsika. Its chikuru runoratidza ndiyo katsika vanoumba, kuti codify nyika, kuti zvizere pasi pesimba uye omurume nevanhu pamusoro. Nzira kukura tsika ano muRussia vari, nenzira, nokuti anawo nzira chokwadi, kana kukosha nyika pakutsvaga dhigirii yawo operability uye kunyatsoshanda. Nemamwe mashoko, munhu chinhu nenzira hurongwa iri musimboti, apo vamwe nyika iri hwakatamisirwa Resource mamiriro.

The simba rationalism pamusoro zviri kuitika Danho (nemagariro kukura)

dzidziso iyi Western nemafungiro akabvumira kuti pave hwomutambarakede zvakatipoteredza, kukurudzira vanotozozviziva zvigadzirwa uye kuti vabudirire zvikuru nemashoko zvoupfumi. Asi, zvinopesana neizvi, mumwe divi, inova mupfungwa destabilization kuti pfungwa (semuenzaniso, zvikuru yakakwirira nhanho mwoyo uye vachida kuzviuraya ari kupfuura nokubudirira kubva upfumi nemaonero, Europe, America uye Australia), hyper-intellectualism, kusvikira pakukuvadza rwomudzimu zvinoriumba unhu Kugadzirwa mutengi ukama, uye mune zvimwewo mupfungwa - mu expansionism hwehasha tsika uye zveupfumi uye ufuza nemafungiro hunhu uye zvakatipoteredza.

subjectivism

The riripo Danho kukura tsika zvakare dzinoratidzwa raidudzwa subjectivity. The yokupedzisira pane iyi kunzwisisa sezvo absolutized nyaya kukosha mune chero zvekunze pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo.

In tsika, ichi zvinoreva kuti nechiyero yose iri chairo munhu, munhu, kwete vanhu, kirasi, vanhu vakaderera, uye zvakafanana. Nesangano iri pamusoro tsika yakaitwa zvichibvira, vanenge wevakadzidza pamutemo kuenzana uye kukura enyika upenyu nevanhu nenzira. Zvechokwadi, muupenyu chaihwo zvinhu zvishoma kupfuura yakaoma, asi chipikirwa ichi unhu vaifarira pakutsvaga chipo pachikuva. budiriro iyi tsika kwete chete anosunungura munhu, rinopa mukati kukosha kwayo uye kodzero, asi zvinoisa basa hombe, ari panguva imwe chete kwakaoma. Munhu, chokwadi, mumwe-on-imwe chete munyika iyo ukama zvose kutora chimiro chibvumirano uye chibvumirano vashanduri zvinobatsira. The murume ino akasurukirwa, vasina zvakadzama midzi mumhuri uye madzinza, pakunamata, National kana imwewo nzvimbo.

Russian specificity

With Panyaya kukura tsika ano kuRussia, zviri kwazvo Kusiyana kuna European womuenzaniso vachiri, kunyange zvazvo zvinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma mune mirayiridzo yake. Somuenzaniso, mune tsika nzvimbo iri Russian Federation haasati kugamuchirwa zvizere pfungwa wokubvumira uye kuenzana pluralistic vanhu vakasununguka pakumanikidza wacho chero aiva magariro simba. Ukuwo, vazhinji zvinoumba upenyu tsika yaimbova Soviet Union zvisinganyanyi kubatwa commercialization uye yezwi pamusika ukama format. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore kutaura kudzika vanzwisise mutorwa zvokunamata zvoupfumi divi.

scientism

Kukurukurwa Kwemashoko subjectivity, yakanga dzinovhurika kubudikidza R. Descartes yake yakakurumbira chinyorwa, "Ndinofunga, saka ini zviripo", yava chinhu chinokosha Vacuum kuEurope tsika. Kusiyana Ages musangano kana varanda zvaitika kare, pechikuva ano kukura tsika inozivikanwa, Sezvambotaurwa, yakakura anthropocentrism, pasi iyo sangano haina rutsigiro chokuratidza zivo, asi iye. Saka, kubva pasi petsoka murume akagogodza ivhu ose. Compensatory basa pakuitika pacharo anotora ane usingadzimiki kuda simba uye kuzvidzora, kwakavakirwa hwaro nzira nesayenzi. Pamwe chete, zvose izvi tiri: subjectivism, rationalism uye scientism unotevera - ndivo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, "chii vari zvinhu ino padariro kukura tsika."

Mathesis

Under Mathesis akanzwisisa muenzaniso wakadaro pamafungiro uye cognition, iyo pfungwa zvikurukuru pamusoro kwemasvomhu midziyo. It ndirwo muvhangeri itsva pfungwa European. Zvakakosha kusimbisa inokosha, nokuti kunyange zvakakwana anorondedzera musimboti reEurope scientism, asi hakungoitwi kwavari. Zvakajeka sezvakunoitwa muhurukuro zvesayenzi, Mathesis richiratidzwa zvose zvoupenyu kuEurope murume, kunyange avo apo inoita kwemasvomhu kukarukureta hakuna kunaka. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iyi runako indasitiri, izvo achasimbiswa uye kwezvipimo pfungwa runako uye akanaka vakarasikirwa Aura ose irrationality uye divi pakunamata zvachose uye rava nyaya kugadzirwa uye chinhu wezvokutengeserana uye musika ukama. Beauty kuzoramba zvinokosha, zvakadzama unhu wacho uye kukava chinhu chinogona zvakanyanya kuvakwa uchishandisa mathematically riitike zvokudya, maekisesaizi, makemikari uye kuvhiya. Saka, zvava streamlined chaizvo, pasi akanyatsojekesa parameters uye nezvaanoda.

expansionism

The riripo Danho kukura tsika iri dzinoratidzwa vamwe expansionism. chinhu ichi akabvumira kuti vave zvino aitungamirira paradigm kuti anoti hwaro nokuda kwetunhu tsika nyika. Anozviratidza, zviri pakutanga, mumwe bande enyika evanhu upenyu, asi kwete chete. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo anosimbirira kuparidza Western machechi echiKristu, kupararira Western zvoupfumi mienzaniso uye tsika imwe hweruzhinji muvanhu. Panguva iyoyowo kuwedzera European tsika haringorevi vamwe, non-European nzanga, asi vo nyika sezvo vakadaro. Rina mavara mavara kuti anomira Western mafungiro zvinoratidza ukama zvakasikwa, vaine consumerism uye irrepressible chido omurume zvarwo, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti taisireva -. The kuparadzwa mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara, Kuparadzwa chicherwa pfuma, kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, etc. Zvinosuruvarisa, mafungiro iyi zvishoma nezvishoma kukunda nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope uye mutakuri nemagariro paradigm ayo kuburikidza pave kwezvakatipoteredza ruzivo, izere hunhu Russian nemagariro S. mumwe nd it. Zvakawanda zvakapwanyika pedyo chero Russian guta dondo Park nzvimbo anotaura pacharo, uyewo poaching, ndeyokuti pamutemo kwemiti uye wepamutemo yemibvunzo iyi iri ichazivikanwa noku anenge zvachose hanya.