Topsoil: unhu

Earth rine mvura, yakasimba uye gaseous zvinoriumba. Topsoil rinoumbwa yaora ne tusingaoneki mupenyu uye chirimwa residues. Akadana manyowa uye anotora 10-20 masendimita. Pairi maruva, miti, miriwo.

Anaro ndiye asingakwanisi kubereka ivhu rukoko pa 10-50 cm. Zvinovaka muviri kwazviri kushambidzwa asidhi uye mvura, saka anonzi jengachenga leaching (leaching). Pano vanosunungurwa pachavo zvinhu nemakemikari, utachiona, uye mumuviri urongwa, pane ivhu zvicherwa.

Hwakadzika ndiye mubereki dombo. Rinewo anobatsira okunze. Somuenzaniso, calcium, nesilicon, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus uye nevamwe.

Ngatitarisei muudzame manyowa, nokuti anobatsira basa rinokosha muupenyu hwedu.

Manyowa: dzidzo pfungwa

Ivhu rakaumbwa panguva weathering wamatombo uye rinoumbwa Organic uye inorganic zvinoriumba. Uyezve, rine mhepo uye mvura. Izvi chete zano, chokwadi mumwe rukoko kunokudziridzwa yoga maererano zvimwe ezvinhu. pasi redu chete kunoita homogeneous, zvinonzi navanhu nehonye, tumbuyu, mabhakitiriya.

Topsoil - ndiko wawo. Mumasango akauyawo Organic residues uye mashizha kunge yakadzikiswa, mune akazaruka nzvimbo - herbaceous zvinomera. Cover inodzivirira pasi kubva kupwa panze, chimvuramabwe, kutonhora. Pasi vanonzi yaora zvasara zvipembenene mhuka. Mukuita manyowa ivhu kunowedzerwa pamwe chicherwa zvinhu zvinotarisirwa.

Manyowa iri inogarwa zvipenyu, rakapinda ne nemidzi miti, azere mhepo yose. Its unzenza mamiriro, muchimiro nemavhinga. Pano inotungamirwa kunoitika uye kuunganidza zvokudya nokuda mudzi hurongwa.

Munhu anoziva kuti pamusoro paiva ivhu, kana pane, manyowa, zvinokosha chaizvo kuti chokubereka. The Black fuma zvinosanganisira kabhoni uye senitrogen. kuti kicheni mhando iyi apo zvokudya yakagadzirirwa pakudyara (active manyowa). Uyewo rukoko urwu pave pakuenzanisa zvinovaka muviri, mvura uye mhepo mamiriro (yakagadzikana manyowa).

Chii rinokanganisa topsoil

On topsoil sei processing Michina mhando, okunze, chirimwa kutenderera. Mubindu nokushandisa Organic yokuvirisa uye yaora mufudze kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru kugadzikana manyowa.

Gardening rinokosha ivhu mhando. It zvinoenderana zvicherwa sezvamunoita. Muriwo zvirimwa zvikure zvakanaka kwazvakarerekera kana zvishoma asidhi chikonzero.

Pane zviratidzo kushaya:

• Total acidity.
• Current acidity.
• Nokuo- nga exchange.
• Kudiwa liming.
• Saturation zvigadziko.
• PARTICIPLE kukura kugovera.
• Zviri makemikari nyaya.
• Zviri macronutrients.

On wembereko rinokanganisa chinoratidza "ivhu arambe achirema". Yepamusoro tsika kuguma murombo mhepo hwechiFascist, kudziviswa inotonhorera kuunganidza, kushomeka kukura kumidzi. Low arambe achirema retards kukura midzi uchaitwa voids uye kunotungamirira vawedzere kwemvura ine unyoro.

Pari zvino pane fetiraiza, yokuvirisa, uye kurapwa siyana nokuda chekunatsiridza topsoil. Asi pasi zvaanofanira zororo. Rangarirai ichi!