"Turika": An Analysis. "Turika": pfupiso

"Turika" - kunoshamisa Monument mabhuku ekare, rakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi12. Kuverenga basa iri richiri kunobatsirawo vanhu, inovhura horizons chitsva kwavari.

"Turika." History mabasa

"Turika" ndiwo mabhuku Paaidzidzisa, basa akasikwa Russia yekare. basa iri rakanyorwa pedyo pakutanga wegumi remakore, uye muna 1795 akawanikwa Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin. Muna 1800, rakadhindwa. Yepakutanga "Mashoko" akanyangarika mune moto 1812, panguva Great Patriotic War, vanhu Russian pamusoro French.

Summary chigadzirwa

Kuongororwa "Turika" rinoratidza kuti chigadzirwa ane sezvamunoita, zviri zvakafanana nokuti Old Russian mabhuku zvakasikwa. In ayo mamiriro pane intonation uye vazhinji, uyewo tositi.

Intonation chinhu kwaziso vaverengi ari munyori, uyewo mafungiro munyori kunoratidza zvishoma pamusoro zviitiko, yaachabva kutsanangura. Munyori anoda kuudza zvose pamusoro Prince Igor kuti rutsigiro nokururamisira, pasina Reserve, pasina zvisina kufanira yokufungidzira. It anoshumira muenzaniso yakakurumbira mutambi Bojan, uyo nguva dzose kwete chete vakatevera epics vekare, asiwo zvokudetemba akaimba machinda panguva.

Kuongororwa "Turika" zvishoma zvinoratidza kuti munyori achidonongodza Parinotaura nguva miganhu chokurondedzera saka: anotaura nezve upenyu Vladimira Svyatoslavicha pamusoro Kiev, uye ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma anopfuurira kurondedzera upenyu Prince Igorya Svyatoslavicha.

Zano Mabasa

Mauto Russian akatuma kurwa muedzo anokumhan'arira - Polovtsy. Pakatanga chirongwa Asati anofukidza denga zuva, rinotanga kuora kwezuva. Chimwe mugari wenyika Rus yekare 'kwaizova kwakatyisa uye angadai akasiya urongwa ake, asi Prince Igor haisi kudaro. Iye nehondo yake achiri anoenda mberi. Rakanga wokutanga May 1185. Igor vavariro inotsigira munin'ina wake, Vsevolod Bui Tour.

Apfuudza imwe nguva munzira, iye akasangana Igor Polovtsian vakavandira. nhamba yavo nokure nhamba yevanhu Russian. Asi Russian achiri kurwa inotanga.

Igor uye Vsevolod Bui rwokuparidza vakakunda muhondo yokutanga pamusoro Polovtsy. Asi, ivo vanobvumira pachavo kuzorora. Asi ivo havaoni kana kunzwa kuti mauto avo dzinovangira pasi uye uwandu Polovtsian mauto achiri akapfuudza nhamba wokuRussia kakawanda. Zuva rakatevera, iro Polovtsian mauto kudenha hondo Russian uye kuchikunda. Masoja zhinji Russian aurayiwa, Prince Igor rakundwa musungwa.

Mumazana Russian nyika aichemera vakafa, uye Cumans, kuhwina hondo, kupembera. Kukunda hondo Igor Polovtsian akaita nyika Russian zvomunyama zhinji. Varwi Vakawanda vakaurayiwa uye mberi Cumans vakaramba kuzopamba Russian munyika.

Svyatoslav Kievsky

Kuongororwa "Lay", basa iri anonzi isingazivikanwi munyori, hurukuro pamusoro chinoshamisa hope Svyatoslav pamusoro Kiev, umo akaona pachake ari yemariro mariro mabiko. Uye hope dzake akazadziswa.

Apo Svyatoslav akadzidza kukundwa mauto Russian, akawira kupinda kusuwa. Prince Igor yakatorwa. Akararama pasi kutarisira Polovtsy, asi kamwe mumwe wavo, Laurel, akamukumbira kuti kutiza. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nokuti Cumans vakasarudza kuuraya vasungwa vose Russian. Igor akabvuma kumhanya. Under chifukidziro usiku, akaisa chigaro bhiza rake uye akatasva kuburikidza chakavanzika Polovtsian kwomusasa.

Akaita nzira dzake Donets River mazuva gumi nerimwe, uye Cumans vakatevera naye. Somugumisiro, Igor akakwanisa kusvika Russian nyika. In Kiev uye Chernigov takasangana naye nomufaro. Anopedzisa "Shoko" akanaka enhetembo kududzirwa pamusoro Prince Igor vake navaranda.

Characters "Lay"

The chikuru chimiro "Turika" Zvechokwadi, Prince Igor Svyatoslavich. Uyu muenzaniso mutungamiri, nokuti uyo chinhu chikuru - kukunda muvengi uye kudzivirira Russian munyika. Pamwe mukoma wake uye nehondo yake kukunda akagadzirira kuita zvose kuti kubwinya Motherland.

Panzira, kana ukatarira Analysis "Lay", Grade 9, unogona kuwana yacho mumaraibhurari zvikoro zvedu.

Igor Svyatoslavich paanokanganisa, nemhaka iyo ndiyo hondo akakundwa, madzimai Russian dziri chirikadzi, navana - nherera.

Kiev muchinda Svyatoslav - Munhu anoda rugare norunyararo muRussia, anoshora munin'ina wake Igor uye Vsevolod kuti akakurumidza mune sarudzo uye kushungurudzika vakauya Russian munyika. Svyatoslav yakanga vachida mubatanidzwa machinda avo vadyi Varwisei Polovtsy.

mufananidzo Yaroslavna ari chigadzirwa

mudzimai Igor kuti - - Yaroslavna ndiyo musimboti munhukadzi hunhu, "Lay." Kana tikaongorora "Turika" kuchema Yaroslavna kwaizova rinonyanya kuratidza chikamu yose basa. Yaroslavna rinosvimha panguva soro shongwe kudzivirira Putivel (guta rino raiva pedyo Polovtsian inowanzorimwa). Anoti kuna okunze. Simba rake mazwi, ivo unotikurudzira. Iye blames mhepo kuti vakaridza kure pamusoro hobbling mafaro ayo, rinoreva Dnieper uye zuva.

Kuongororwa "Lay", pfupiso paunogona kuverenga nyaya nyanzvi dzemitauro vatsvakurudzi chinoratidza kuti Yaroslavna akaita Zvakazoitwa zvizvarwa zvikuru mubereko kupfuura protagonist basa, uye vachichema rakashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda. Munyori "Mashoko" anotenda kuti Yaroslavna kwakaita Chemai chakabata masimba, uye saka Igoryu Svyatoslavichu kutiza pakutapwa. The yakakurumbira mufananidzo pachake Yaroslavna - Opera A. B. Borodina "Prince Igor" (rakanyorwa pakati 1869 uye 1887).

Cumans mu "Turika"

The chikuru vavengi Prince Igor uye eRussia ari chigadzirwa vari Polovtsy. Ndivo vanogara musango, kuti, kusingaperi inowanzorimwa, mapani Russian s.

Ukama Russian pamwe Polovtsy vanhu vakanga vakasiyana, vaigona kuva shamwari, aigona vanokakavadzana. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi12, ukama hwavo anova utsinye. Kana tikaongorora "Turika" yendarama shoko anonyevera Igor Svyatoslav noushamwari Polovtsy. Asi ukama hwake pamwe Polovtsy hadzifaniri kunyanya kuipa. Maererano nhoroondo tsvakurudzo Igor Svyatoslavich aiva noukama hwakanaka Polovtsian khans Kobyakov uye Konchak. mwanakomana wake kunyange akaroora mwanasikana Konchak.

Utsinye Polovtsian, izvo akasimbisa vose vaivapo dzekare, haana kupfuura inodiwa netsika nguva. Prince Igor, kuitwa nhapwa nokuda Polovtsy, aigona kunyange kureurura chechi yechiKristu. Mukuwedzera, kubata pamwe Russian Polovtsy tsira vanhu Russian iye akawira pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Catholic Church. Uyezve, zvigadzirwa Russian yaitengeswa Polovtsian pamisika, somuenzaniso, muna Trabzon uye muna Derbent.

Historical Background "Lay"

Kuongororwa "Turika" zvinoratidza kuti basa iri rakanga zvakasikwa mumakore apo Russia yakakamurwa dzikava dzakasiyana.

Zvichireva Kiev sezvo Russian pakati penyika panguva inenge nokupera. Russian kwavabati kuva vakaparadzana inoti, uye voga kunyika yavo wanamatira kuti Council of Liubech muna 1097.

The Chibvumirano akagumisa pakati machinda ari reCongress, yakatyoka, maguta makuru akatanga kuvimbisa kuti rusununguko. Asi vashoma wakaona kuti Russia anofanira kuchengetedzwa, kuti vavengi vari kare kusvika kubva kumativi ose. Polovtsy akasimuka ndokutanga kurwisa vanhu Russian.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi11, ivo vakaumba nengozi. "Lay", iro kuongorora zvatiri kuedza kuita, ndizvo nyaya inosuruvarisa kudhumhana wokuRussia uye Polovtsian.

Russian aisagona kudzivisa Polovtsy nokuti vakanga vasingagoni kubvumirana navo. Constant hadzimbotauri kuderedza simba kamwe chikuru Russian mamiriro. Hongu, panguva ino Russia akauya dzisangopfuma, asi achiita kure nokuti kuti kudyidzana pakati mapurazi siyana akaneta.

Panguva ino pane zvishoma nezvishoma pakagadzwa vokukurukura pakati pavanhu Russian. Russia ari kugadzirira nokukurumidza batanidza kupinda mumwe, asi vakawanda matambudziko zvinhu panguva ino.

Muvambi chidimbu ichi anonyora pamusoro Russian muchiuto Varwisei Polovtsy kwete chete. Iye inoyemura runako dzavo chizvarwa steppes uye masango, picturesque chizvarwa mhuka. Kana tikaongorora "Turika", hunhu mukati maro kukonzera. Rinobatsira Prince Igor kupukunyuka utapwa uye kudzokera papi Russia. Mhepo, zuva rwizi Dnepr kuva vatsigiri zvaainyanya munzira kubva Polovtsian umambo musha.

Nepakatanga "Lay"

Pakarepo mushure "Lay" yakadhindwa, akatanga kuonekwa munguva nechokwadi kwayo nderechokwadi. Sezvo remanyoro basa iri rakanga rapiswa nomoto muna 1812, ipapo kuongorora uye kudzidza kwaingova kutanga akadhindwa uye shanduro kopi.

Vatsvakurudzi nechokwadi chokwadi chokuti chigadzirwa zvechokwadi, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Chokwadi kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti azive nezvezvisikwa munyori, uye chepiri pamusoro pakanyorwa dzimwe mabasa iyoyo, "Shoko" rakanga zvakanakisa, zvaiita shamisa kuti muzana remakore rechi12 zvaibvira kunyora izvi.

Muna 1963, mumwe akakurumbira munhau A. A. Zimin akataura nokuongorora "Turika" Svetoslav yendarama Shoko zvaiita kunyumwa kwaari kuti chigadzirwa muzana remakore rechi18 akanyora Joel Bykovsky, iyoyo Archimandrite Muponesi wemamongi Yaroslavl.

Asi nokukurumidza kwaiva itsva uchapupu nderechokwadi "Turika". Husingarambiki hwokuti izvi raiva «Codex Cumanicus», Dictionary mutauro Polovtsian, rakanga rakanyorwa mukupera remakore rechi13. Atenga kamwe chikuru nomudetembi wokuItaly Francesco Petrarca. Zvinozivikanwa kuti "Shoko" kakawanda nokukwereta kubva mutauro Polovtsian, kureva, kubva Polovtsian mashoko. Mashoko aya chete anogona kuwanikwa Codex Cumanicus. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Polovtsian vanhu sezvo vakadaro havasisipo kuMiddle Ages. Saka, iyi kana falsification haagoni kuitwa. Nechekare regumi namasere remakore, hapana mu Russia Polovtsy hatina kuziva nei namatidza Polovtsian mashoko ari murugwaro basa vakasagona.

Kuongororwa "Turika" yendarama shoko kamwe akati Academician Likhachev, uchishandisa Codex Cumanicus akauya mupiro chaizvo kuti kudzidza mabhuku Russian. Tichifambira Codex Cumanicus aivawo zvisingaiti: chokwadi ndechokuti duramazwi iyi ikazopiwa ne Petrarch muna 1362 ari Cathedral yeSan Marco muna Venice, kwaakanga akaramba kusvikira 1828. Gore rino, yokuGermany Orientalist Julius Heinrich Klaproth akawana bhuku rino uye akabudiswa. In yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore Codex Cumanicus familiarized orientalists Russian.

Nzvimbo kunyora "Lay"

Kuongororwa "Lay" anodaro kuti basa iri uzere rudo Russian nyika uye vanhu vayo. Isa chidimbu ichi kunyora - zvingangoita kuti Novgorod. Uye anosika Novgorodian ake. Izvi zvinogona kutongwa kubva mutauro wakada shoko inowira kuti mu "Shoko," uye zvadaro kushandiswa Novgorod. Aya mashoko akafanana "Karna Osmomysl, haraluzhny, Goreslavich".

"Turika" - kuti kuongorora basa iri huchinyatsoratidza ndechokuti munyori ari chizvarwa Novgorod. Iye anotaura guta Dudutki, aiva pedyo Novgorod. Mari anokwana zviyero, iro rinoreva kuti kuongorora "Turika" nogata uye nokuveza, vaongorori vakawana chete mumwe yaMakoronike kupfuura kare - muna Novgorod. In Hypatian uye Laurentian Chronicles haina mashoko. Patronymic Goreslavich uye Osmomysl anotaurwa "Lay", vakanga akawanikwa nevatsvakurudzi vari Novgorod Manyoro uye Birch omuti.

Northern kwakabva nemunyori "Mashoko" kunosimbiswa ndechokuti mwenje kuchamhembe anotaurwa mubhuku. Achibatsirwa naMwari akaudza Prince Igor, sei kuti kumba kubva pakutapwa. Zvichida, munyori "Mashoko" akashanyira kweArctic Circle uye vakaona ndipo Aurora borealis.

Kudzidza "Turika"

"Turika", iyo Kuongororwa izvo zvinofadza zvikuru kuti vaverengi zvose basa iri chaiko, kunze chete pakupera namasere remakore, kureva, kubva panguva apo zvinyorwa akawanikwa Count Musin-Pushkin. Chokutanga ne "shoko" raiva basa rakaoma. Chekutanga, raifanira kushandurwa. Chechipiri, zvakanga zvakakodzera kududzira sezvinoshamisa zvose nzvimbo, ndipo pakabva madimikira zvose zvakaoma. Kunyanya yakawanda masayendisiti akakurumbira vave kudzidza "Shoko" iri kweSoviet, pakati pavo - Academician Likhachev uye A. Curd. Vakatsvaka kudzorera yepakutanga shanduro "Mashoko" ugozvipa kududzirwa.

Kudzidza "Turika" kuchikoro

"Turika" ava nenguva refu akadzidza mu yechipiri zvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti. Kudzidza kwake vanobatanidzwa 7, 8, 9 makirasi. To nani kudzidza mabasa vachishandisa siyana zvokushandisa, kusanganisira nemotokari iro kunyorwa nyaya mabasa ekare. On pakudzidza "Shoko" unyanzvi Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, uye vadzidzi vane mukana vazive pachavo siyana nezvinhu chokuita nyaya iyi.

nezvirahwe mabasa

Pasinei nokuti "Turika" akadzidza nokungwarira uye kwenguva yakareba, mundima basa huchiri kwete pachena nevaongorori zvose.

Kuongororwa "Lay", hunhu iyo kusvikira pakuguma uye kwete akatsanangura, achiri anoratidza kuti vachiri kuda kuongorora zvakawanda. Saka, hazvina kujeka kana munyori "Shoko" mhuka kwakajairika, akanyora, kana aifunga Cumans, vaiva zita madzitateguru mhuka. It achiri kujeka nei Prince Igor Pirogoscha akashanyira kereke muKiev. zvakavanzika zvose izvi vachiri kumirira kuti vachiongorora.