US rwezvemabhengi hurongwa

The rwezvemabhengi Tsika kuUnited States vasati imwe nguva yave decentralized. Paiva makumi ezviuru mabhanga, asi havana kuteerera hurumende. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo negwaro. Mumaguta diki America, masangano akadaro aigona kuisa pachavo chindingindingi dzavo, kunyanya kana vari yakatangwa huru maindasitiri Holdings. Zvisinei, mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi20, kukura US rwezvemabhengi hurongwa kwabva dzimwe nzira. Kuti asimbise kutonga zvose masangano munzvimbo ino, Federal Reserve System akasikwa. mabhanga akawanda dzakarongwa maererano nomurau Hurumende. Uchibatsirwa dzavo, hurumende yave ichikwanisa kuongorora mabasa private masangano.

Chero Federal Reserve Bank anogona kunzi "kumahombekombe kusvika kumahombekombe", uyewo nebhengi nehurumende. Pashure pezvose, masangano vaisungirwa kubhadhara imwe mugove mari iri anogoverana zvemasangano akadaro. Muchiitiko chino, gadza akatorwa uye Exchange mamiriro vave chete Federal Reserve mabhanga. Nhasi pane mhando dzakawanda rwezvemabhengi masangano America. Wokutanga Zvechokwadi, zvinhu zviri Fed wacho chivako. Panozotevera hwevatambi mabhanga, mari makambani uye bhangi mahofisi. Nhasi, anoda kusvika mutsauko pakati pavo, mushure zvose, mari uye pasiri mabhanga zvingatitadzisa mari mumatanda. The Federal Reserve ane chete kodzero dzinotsigira hurumende. Sangano iri anotenga kuchengetedzeka zvisungo, izvo nekanzuru hurumende.

Zvisinei, kwemari uye purofiti kubva anoenda guru Holdings uye makambani maindasitiri. Nokuti mamiriro, uyewo, anoda mari mari nemasangano aya. Federal US rwezvemabhengi hurongwa ane nechepakati hofisi yaiva Washington, DC. Musoro chikwata ichi anosarudzwa sachigaro kana purezidhendi kuti izwi kwemakore 14. Inoratidza sachigaro Fed uye nyika yose weSeneti gona. Asi purezidhendi angangotadza mukana wakadaro. Sarudzo huru munhu ari yeUnited rwezvemabhengi hurongwa, achiitiswa vakuru. Sachigaro ane mukana kutora chinzvimbo ichi, uye yechipiri kana ari kusarudzwa vazhinji vhoti nguva. Ndizvo zvakaitika apo kuzodzosera sarudzo muna 2009.

The US rwezvemabhengi hurongwa akasangana matanho makuru matanhatu. The nyika akatotanga vakaedza kupinda pamberi chete hurongwa, asi haina kushanda. Saka, mukupera rechi18 - kwezana remakore rechi19, maiva wokutanga US kumahombekombe. Ipapo pfupi nguva hakuna centralizing simba mune zvekutepfenyura ichi. Papera chinguva, United States yakaumbwa kubhengi wechipiri. Nokukurumidza akasvika vanonzi "nguva yakasununguka rwezvemabhengi enyika." Zvino paiva pokugadzwa National Bank. Zvino mangwanani remakore rechi20 paiva Fed. Chokutanga maviri centralizing hurongwa havana kubudirira. Havana kugamuchira mashoko kuwedzera kondirakiti. The rokutanga nemabhangi izvi akavamba Hamilton. Masangano Vose vane zvainovhiringidzawo akawanda, chikuru iyo - kushaya liquidity.

Third centralized maitiro yakazokudziridzwa kwete chete nokuda mukuru liquidity uye Kuwanikwa ane zvakakwana anonzwisisa mari, asi nekuda ezvinhu zvashata - kutya. Its kuvapo refu, uye kunyanya nokusimbaradza panzvimbo pamusoro American ivhu, yeUnited rwezvemabhengi hurongwa anofanira mari dambudziko yakaitika 1907.

Kutya, yaakakudanirai, ava chimwe chikonzero nei hurumende yakasarudza kukurumidza kudzora mabasa private rwezvemabhengi masangano. Uye hurumende iyi yabudirira. The Fed yakawanda mabasa. Kunze chokwadi kuti sechinhu National ehurumende anazvo pamahombekombe, mabasa ake anosanganisira kuita dzakawanda kwema mari ne US vakuru vehurumende, mutengi kudzivirira, kudzora private masangano uye zvakawanda. The Fed iri mubasa liquidity matambudziko uye anoruramisa prices. The US rwezvemabhengi hurongwa kwazova vakarongeka.