Zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation uye nzira Implementation kwavo

Munyika dzakawanda munyika akamisa Bank, ndiye kushanda zvemari hurongwa. MuRussia, masimba akadaro hunopiwa pamwe Bank of Russia. Pasi simba Central Bank of Russian Federation - the widest siyana mabasa. Kubudirira mushonga hunoenderana kudzikama uye kumhanya kukura National upfumi. Ndezvipi chaizvo zvinangwa Bank kweRussia? Chii mamiriro ayo sangano, uye sei zvinobatsira kuti mhinduro mabasa ari kuitwa?

General ruzivo pamusoro CBR

The Bank of Russia - a repamutemo, unoshanda vakazvimirira kwemiviri chero hurumende. Zvisinei, kwayakaita kuzvidavirira kuna State Duma, uye guta guru mvumo uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri sangano ndiyo pfuma yacho mamiriro. Chinangwa, mabasa uye mabasa ose Bank Russia yose akafanana avo vane nyika mabhanga mune dzimwe nyika.

Kunyanya, Central Bank - tsika chete iro anekodzero ape National mari, uye kuronga kufamba kweropa yaro upfumi. CBR hakunganzi kuti muzviise pasi mutero nhau, zvinoita anotakura mari kubudikidza mari. Chinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation haisi kusimudzira kuurayiwa nokubatira ehurumende, uye vakutarisire. Kutoti Chokwadi, munhu yoga chibvumirano haritauri kudaro.

Ngatichiongororai musimboti kiyi zvebasa vakuru reRussia rwezvemabhengi sangano.

The chikuru zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation

Maererano zvokudya Federal Law № 86 of 10.06.2002 gore, izvo anoita basa Central Bank of Russian Federation, chikuru zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation inotevera.

Chokutanga, ndiyo kudzivirira Russian National mari - ari Ruble - kubva Gengi nokufamba uye dzokufungidzira nemigumisiro. Chechipiri, ndiyo mazuvaano uye kukura mamiriro ari rwezvemabhengi hurongwa. Chechitatu, kuva nechokwadi kushanda kuripwa zvigadziriswe rehurumende upfumi.

Funga chipfuro Data of Central Bank of Russian Federation zvakawanda.

Kudzivirirwa National mari

Kazhinji ano inoti Gengi aumbwa achinyanya pahwaro pachena-kutoitwa mashandiro kuti wedzerai uye kudiwa mumusika dzakawanda. Zvakadini vanofanira Ruble anoratidzwa, saka yekudyidzana kufurirwa kwokunze zveupfumi zvinhu.

Zvinangwa, zvinangwa uye mabasa mashandiro ari Central Bank of Russian Federation dzinongoita zvainanga kuziva pakati izvi zvinoita ndedziya chokuita national mari yeRussia isakarurama, havana musika hunhu. Kunyange kana zvavanoita rakanyatsojeka pamutemo, asi basa hausi mubereko cheHurumende Bank of Russia anogona aivarwisa. Sei? Kuburikidza chii nzira?

Chokutanga, zviri kuita, kana zvichikodzera, vatorwa rate kupindira - kutenga kana kutengesa kuti zvirongwa riwanikwe nyika kana dzimwe mari kuti vawedzere kana, Ukuwo, kuderedza mwero yawo romugove mumusika. Kusika Somuenzaniso, pachisara emadhora pamisika nharaunda umo Ruble vaitengeserana Central Bank anogona kuderedza ayo zvazvingava. Uyewo, national mari yacho Russian Federation anodhura.

Asi ikozvino mutemo uye zvinangwa Central Bank of Russia aida tikadzivisa dzevamhan'ari musika zvigadziriswe pakati Ruble. Zvikurukuru, izvi imhaka yokuti huru mwe zvokushandisa nokuti Central Bank vatorwa rate kupindira - dzibvise matura ehurumende. Nokuda nokuitika dambudziko yokurera CBR zvakanaka anosarudza haana kupedza navo kupindira pamisika zvigadziriswe kuti vanoumba kosi.

Kukura rwezvemabhengi hurongwa

Zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation anosanganisira kuramba kushanda uye kusimudzira National rwezvemabhengi hurongwa. Chiito CBR mhinduro uye nzira yakataurwa iyi inogona kupiwa mune siyana. Izvo vacho inokosha?

Chekutanga, ndizvo normative mutemo mabhanga. CBR rinobudisa siyana nomutemo mabasa yokudzora nourongwa zvikwereti uye masangano zvemari kushanda hurumende, voruzhinji mabasa uye masangano; anogadza mitemo zvemari uye mutero nhau nokuda akakodzera vatambi. Zvinokosha, pakutanga kwezvose, kuitira kudzivirira zvinodiwa vatengi ose mabhanga - depositors, dzibate ose ano nyaya, anokwereta.

Chechipiri, mutemo chokuita kukarukureta ari Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kukosha kiyi unodiwa. zvemari chakarurama ichi matanho kunyanya ndiwo sei anodhura chikwereti chacho chichava Implementation munhu private bhangi muna Central Bank kuti mberi kushandiswa vakakwereta mari chikuru basa. Somuenzaniso, chokuita urongwa wayo kwezvikwereti. Kana nhamba kiyi Central Bank of Russian Federation, yakakwirira, simuka mutengo uye Tera wakabudiswa dzakavanzika mabhanga ari.

Chechitatu, nechepakati mabhanga, kuita mabasa kutsigira kushanda National rwezvemabhengi hurongwa, anoronga kuti richiona nezvezvabuda kiyi remapazi kuburikidza miganhu papfuma masangano. A rinokosha mari kutengeserana anoenda kuburikidza navo uye kunze maererano mitemo CBR.

Nokushanda mubhadharo zvigadziriswe

Zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation zvinosanganisirawo kwerunyararo kuripwa zvigadziriswe mukati hurumende. Chokwadi kuti chinonyanya kukosha mashandiro zvikwereti ano uye mari nemasangano - hazvisi chete deposits, zvikwereti uye mari zvakanaka mabasa, asiwo kusimudzira Implementation pamusoro kwema zvemari chokuita vanhu, private mabhizimisi, hurumende masangano, dzakawanda vatambi.

Russian mugari kana mutorwa anofanira kuita mari kune vamwe vanhu uye masangano kuburikidza siyana zvishandiso: nyaya, makadhi, achishandisa asiri bhangi chikwereti nemasangano. Monitoring kushanda nhengo migero - mumwe mabasa ose CBR.

Central Work Bank munzvimbo ino yose iri kuteererwa chete zvigadziriswe kuti inoshandawo yapfuura mirayiridzo CB basa. Izvi imhaka urongwa rwezvemabhengi hurongwa. CBR rinobudisa mitemo yedare kwema ichiitwa Via migero siyana, monitors kushandiswa izvi. Basa vasiri bhangi zvikwereti masangano, kurukura muripo kwezvivako, inova mamiriro, zvinoenderana sei uye mabasa zvavo zvikwereti zvemari masangano, kukosha kiyi mwero Central Bank of Russian Federation.

Takurukura kunangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) anoratidza kuzadziswa vamwe mabasa. Tikadzidza specificity yavo.

Mashandiro of Central Bank

CBR ane zvinotevera huru zvinhu:

• kushandira pamwe Hurumende kukura mune zvemari zvinokosheswa ehurumende maitiro;
• anoita nzira iri yega nyaya yacho Ruble uye zvinovimbisa mukukwezva Russian upfumi;
• Inopa mari asiri ehurumende chikwereti masangano muchimiro zvikwereti, inopa zvikwereti refinancing wakabudiswa;
• It inorondedzera mitemo maererano izvo zviri Russian zvoupfumi yaitwa kwema zvemari;
• anogadza mitemo siyana rwezvemabhengi kwacho;
• monitors uye basa kwema munhoroondo yacho bhajeti iri Russian Federation;
• kusandura ari ushandiswe nomutowo wokumwe mukutsinhana reserves ose ehurumende;
• anofanira kunyora mbiri uye mari masangano, vobva kwavari rezinesi kana nekusiyana, anobva audza navo kana anoona kutyorwa nemasangano aya rwezvemabhengi mutemo;
• kuitisa vatorwa Exchange kudzora mitemo;
• It anosarudza mitemo inodzora mumusha macho vomuUmambo Russian uye masangano pamwe vatambi dzakawanda;
• Inosimbisa mitemo rokuzvidavirira uye nhau dzemari mukati kugona kwavo;
• anosarudza mwero National mari iri pamisika dzakawanda uye anoita yaro yakakodzera bhuku;
• munyaya kukarukureta pakati pakuenzanisa vachibhadhara mamiriro upfumi;
• anoita basa mari exchanges;
• It anoita Analytical basa ane chikamu nokudzidza pezvakaitwa zvoupfumi pachiyero upfumi ehurumende ari wose, uyewo nzvimbo;
• munyaya kudzivirira mari zvinofarirwa Bank depositors.

Zvatakurukura chinangwa webasa uye kushanda Central Bank of Russia, tinogona kuongorora zvinhu musangano maumbirwo huru masangano mari yacho Russian Federation. We vanoongorora kutanga pamusoro maererano chii dzemitemo akatsunga sezvakarayirwa sangano nezvebasa of Central Bank tichitarisa pakugoverwa mashandiro anoita kupfungwa dzomunyika Mapoka CBR.

CB Structure: Principles nesangano utariri

Sezvatinoziva, kunangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation zvinosanganisira kudzivirirwa Russian mari, achivimbisa kuti rwezvemabhengi maitiro uye mubhadharo zvigadziriswe rehurumende upfumi. Kugona nomumwe wavo achipfeka, pakutanga kwezvose, ari kushanda ari Bank of Russia pamwe zvido mamwe vanotongwa mamiriro murau hwenyika, somuenzaniso, pamwe Government Russian. nezvechisarudzo ichi zvinowanisa mumwe kiyi zvinotaurwa CBR - interagency pamwe.

Basa chikuru rwezvemabhengi nesangano Russian Federation kunosanganisira matambudziko kwete yeUnited hwaHerodhi, asiwo pane remunharaunda chechetere. Naizvozvo, Bank of reRussia mumiririri mahofisi ushande mune zvose kumatunhu Russia. Basa ravo rinoitwa kufungisisa nheyo centralization, apo vose masangano anodairira kuhofisi chikuru uye kushanda maererano nemitemo yakatanga navo.

Above tinoona kuti chinangwa basa uye kushanda Central Bank of Russian Federation vari pedyo pedyo interconnected. Nokudaro mumwe musimboti wenyika anoita tsika - dzichipfekeka specialization mapoka. In nechimwe kubhangi iri revadzidzi hurongwa vari kushanda nyanzvi pamwe kumusoro kugona basa racho.

Chimwe musimboti of CBR - kuparadzana kusarudza masimba pakati nechepakati hofisi uye emunharaunda mahofisi. Isu akati kuti basa Bank of Russia masangano kumatunhu maererano nemitemo kugadzirwa nechepakati hofisi Central Bank. Zvisinei, mumwe kuzvionera kubva Regional dzakabatana chikuru rwezvemabhengi Masangano ari Russian Federation achiri ikoko, uye ichi ndicho Kuzadziswa musimboti mune mubvunzo, uchidzidzira.

The nemamiriro Central Bank of Russian Federation: sangano tsika utariri

zvino isu kuongorora chii ndedzipi pfungwa miviri Central Bank akapa utungamiriri mamiriro. To avo vanosanganisira:

• The National Banking Council.
• Central kuhofisi sangano.
• The Board Directors of Central Bank of Russian Federation.
• Local hurongwa.
• RCC.
• Military dzakabatana.

Tichadzidza zvavo chaizvo.

The National Banking Council

The chikuru hurongwa of Central Bank, kuona kushanda sangano zvinosanganisira National Banking Council. Iye collegial mutumbi tsika. Kumusoro tinoona kuti chinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation haasi kubatsira hurumende mukuzadzika kwayo sungiro uyewo chokwadi kuti basa urongwa chikuru Russian zvemari hakusi kuzvidavirira kuzviremera.

Zvisinei, muenzaniso National Banking Council kunogona kurondwa, pamaitiro, kuti nedoro of Central Bank kubva mamiriro anogona kuva rinokosha. Chokwadi chokuti Kuronga National Council of Central Bank vari kushanda vamiririri Federation Council, State Duma, kuti RF Government, uyewo vanhu neMutungamiriri weNyika of Russian Federation. Sachigaro Central Bank of Russian Federation mabasa sezvo chikamu Central Bank of vaiona mamiriro.

revatungamiriri vatungamiriri

Akatevera kukosha reDare Central Bank - the Board Directors. Iye anonzi chepamusorosoro Executive yacho kubhangi mamiriro uye anosarudza mirayiridzo umo mabasa achaiswa dzichiitika Central Bank of Russia, zvinangwa uye kutumirwa tsika. inotungamirwa Its ane mumwe kufanana nzira unyorwe mamwe vakuru National Banking Council.

Nokudaro, Central Bank of Russian Federation anoona maumbirwo kushanda sachigaro Central Bank, uyewo 12 vanhuwo nhengo, kunoramba mubasa basa basa iri mubhengi. The Kuronga Bank of Russia Board Directors chakaumbwa rakananga Kupinda of State Duma uye President Russian. Zvakare unogona kurondwa kubudikidza ndechokuti kutsamira of Central Bank kubva hurumende iri tsika ichiri wandei, pasinei nokuti Central Bank pamutemo - yakazvimirira sangano hurumende.

The Board Directors of Central Bank of Russian Federation, izvo anosarudza chinangwa, mashandiro uye kushanda ari Bank of Russia uchasangana kanenge 1 nguva pamwedzi. mamiriro ichi zvaanosarudza pamusoro nyaya yacho Ruble, kuisa zvinodiwa kuti private mabhanga, paumbwe ndandanda mabhiri zvokutsinhanisa nezvimwe kuchengetedzeka rinoshandiswa nechokwadi kuti zvikwereti Central Bank, pakagadzwa mubereko rates, miganhu musika kwema, ano zvikwereti Somuenzaniso, tichifunga kuti tinogona yokuvandudzwa. Central Bank Board Directors anoita supervisory uye kudzora mabasa.

Central hofisi uye miganhu marongerwo

Zvinangwa uye mabasa mashandiro ari Central Bank vari pakutanga basa Headquarters Unit, asi gare gare yechinangwa akasimbisa nzira kugoverwa ufanane miganhu hurongwa of CBR. Uyezve, CA chinomiririrwa siyana yaishandiswa dzakabatana kuti vane basa agadzirise matambudziko izvi kana kuti bhora. zvivako izvi kuzvidavirira Board Directors uye musoro Central Bank of Russian Federation maererano Implementation zvisarudzo vakagamuchirwa navo. Mudunhu Central Bank mashandiro, akavapindurawo, takura huru miganhu Mapoka rwezvemabhengi sangano. Kiyi dambudziko - iri Implementation kushanda nzira iri Implementation mari utariri policies wokurera ari batana chechetere.

The Roman Catholic Church uye muchiuto zviumbu of Central Bank

Above tinoona kuti zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation zvinosanganisira kwerunyararo kushanda hurumende rwezvemabhengi hurongwa. Pakati huru STRUCTURAL dzakabatana, vane kugona zvakakodzera kuti chinangwa zvakakodzera - mari kugarwa nzvimbo Bank of Russia.

Masangano aya rakakamurwa musoro, kuita mabasa muzvinhu, uyewo Inter-emunharaunda. Vachiita basa chokuita Implementation pamusoro Inter-bhangi kwema, Nokuraramisa vasiri ehurumende chikwereti masangano uye budgetary nyaya.

Akatevera kukosha mhando masangano yaisanganisira muna CBR mamiriro - muzvikamu zvechiuto. basa ravo - kwerunyararo kwema zvemari inova nyaya dzakasiyana masangano mugadziriro yeRussian Armed Forces.

Saka, takurukura chinoita Central Bank mashandiro, zvinangwa Central Bank of Russian Federation uye nzira Implementation yavo. Huru Russian pamahombekombe - urongwa mupfumi, kunzwisisa mamiriro, iro rine siyana competencies vari zvekutepfenyura zvemari.

Kudivi rimwe, Central Bank iri pamutemo yakazvimirira kubva kuhurumende, pane dzimwe - chakaumbwa zvakananga yavanopedza. Uyewo, Central Bank anoita mabasa ayo mune zvinodiwa nevamwe ehurumende zvivako.