Zvinorehwa neshoko rokuti "Moveton" nezvimwe zvikwereti zvisingafarirwi

Nhasi, kukwereta kwakawanda kunouya mumutauro wemazuva ano. Uye izvi zvakajairika. Duramazwi remashoko matsva emutauro weRussia rinogara richivandudzwa nemamwe mazita emamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvekugadzira nekugadzirisa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, dzimwe nguva tsika dzevakuru, dzinoita sedzogadziriswa mazwi zvakanganwa. Iye zvino, ndine chokwadi, kwete vose vanogona kutsanangura zvinoreva izwi rokuti "Moveton" kana kuti "kugadziriswa," uye kamwechete mazwi aya aive akakurumbira.

Nzira Yokukwereta: Kubva kuGermany kuburikidza neGallinism kuenda kuAnglicisms

Zvose zvakatanga naPetro. Kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, vanhu veRussia vanonyanya kufarira zvikuru upenyu hweEurope, tsika, mafashoni. Peter I, ndakanga ndavaka St. Petersburg, ndakatema nepawindo ndichienda kuEurope, ndakasimudzira zvakasimba Umambo hweRussia munzira yeEuropeanisation. Akakwereta zvizhinji kubva kuHolland uye chimwe chinhu kubva kuGermany, pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzira mazita mazita emamwe mazita akaonekwa kwavari. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa zvakasara, kureva, mazwi akabva mumitauro yeGermany, kunyanya mune zvehondo uye yekuvaka zvikepe. Uye kufungidzira kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope - France, England - yakatanga gare gare. Uye kukwereta kubva mumitauro yenyika idzi zvakare yakaonekwa muchiRussia gare gare. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, Russia yakanga isati yamboziva kuti zvinorevei shoko rokuti "Moveton" raive.

Chido chakanyanya kupisa cheFrance

Asi mushure mekufa kwaPeter Alekseevich, zvinodiwa nevatungamiri uye vashandi vakanaka vakatanga kutenderera kune tsika dzakasiyana zvakasiyana. Pasi pekucherechedza kwevakadzi vefashoni, vanyori, vashandi, mafilosofi nevamwe vazhinji vakawanda vasina hanya neRussia, France yakanga iripo. Zvinoreva izwi rokuti "Moveton" mumakore iwayo zvinogona kutsanangurwa zvakadzama nemumwe mwana. Fonvizin, munyori wezana remakore gumi nemasere, kunyange ane comedy "Brigadier" umo mutungamiri mukuru anoseka, anonyengera zvose zveFrance uye anonyatsotevera kutevedzera chero tsika dzeFrance tsika netsika. Mune maonero omunyori, mararamiro e "Bhigadidzi" nhamba haana kunaka. Vatongi vechiRussia vakataura uye vakanyora muFrance, vakapfekedzwa mabhandi emasikirwo emamwe marudzi, vakokwa vakakurumidza kubva kunyika yavo Voltaire kuenda kuvana vavo, kuitira kuti vaidzidzise uye vakaisa mukati mavo mutauro wakakwana weParisiti. Zvinonzwisisika, mazwi akweretwa kubva mumutauro wechiFrench akatanga kuonekwa. Novelties zvikurukuru yakabatanidzwa munharaunda yefashoni, tsika uye tsika, zvehondo nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izwi rokuti "Moveton", somuenzaniso, rakagamuchirwa panguva iyoyo. Izvo zvinoenderana nemashoko ose anozivikanwa zvino: "battalion", "komilfo", "gomba rekutanga", "rwendo", "parachute", "muto" nevamwe. Avo vakauya kubva mushoko rechiFrench vanonzi Gallicisms, nokuti madzitateguru ekufambisa eFrance aiva maGauls chaiwo.

Saka chii chinonzi moveton?

Zvinoreva izwi rokuti "Moveton" ibasa rakaipa, chiito, shoko risingaenderani nehutano. Mune mamwe mazwi, Moveton chirwere chakaipa, kusava nehanya. Iyo inopesana ndeyekuti inofanirwa (hongu, sezvakakodzera, pamusoro peiyo Leo Tolstoy akanyora muhuduku hwake). Iyi haisi kunyange mufambiro wakawanda unosangana nemitemo yakawanda inogamuchirwa yehutano, uye yakakodzera kumunhu nekukudzwa kwake mabasa. Pakati pese, muzana remakore re XVIII-XIX maonero ehutsika, tsika dzekuita, tsika dzakanaka zvinoreva zvakawanda kupfuura ikozvino. Comillo naMaveve vaiva mune zvakawanda maitiro ekujekesa pfungwa dzevanhu vakatongwa munzanga.

New Century - New Borrowings

Asi pano kwakauya yekutyisa kwemazana nemazana nemazana makumi maviri, neActober Revolution yakaitika , chidzitiro chesimbi chakawira. Zvinonzwisisika kuti pakange pasina mubvunzo wekufarira kune dzimwe nyika tsika. Pane kudaro, panguva yekuvapo kweUSSR mune dzimwe mitauro, zvikwereti kubva kuRussia zvakaonekwa. Asi pamwe chete netsika yedombo, ne "Beatles", "Rolling Stones", pamwe chete ne jeans uye mabhuku anonyadzisa kune dzimwe nyika, pamwe nezvose zvakarambidzwa, uye naizvozvo kazana zvakanyanya kukwezva uye kusingakanganwiki muU.SR yakatanga kupinda muAmerica - kukwereta kubva kuAmerican version yeChirungu.

Muzana remakore rechi21

Mazuva ano, mashoko mazhinji kubva muchirungu anouya kumutauro weRussia, mamwe mazwi matsva kubva kuJapan (mune zvezvesayenzi uye anime) uye kubva mumitauro yeCaucasus. Uye kuziva zvinorehwa neshoko rokuti "Moveton" nekurishandisa uye zvakadaro zvakaramba iri ropafadzo yevanhu vakadzidza vakangwara.