Chii chinonzi mhangura? Iron mhangura dhipoziti. mhangura Russia

Kunze rinozivikanwa mafuta uye gasi, pane zvimwe zvinokosha zvicherwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira ores, izvo mined kuti ferrous uye nonferrous simbi kuburikidza marara. Kuvapo esimbi deposits - ndiyo pfuma chero nyika.

Chii chinonzi mhangura?

Mumwe nomumwe sayenzi zvepanyama mhinduro yake mubvunzo uyu. Mineralogy anosarudza mhangura zvicherwa somunhu uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa., kudzidza izvo zvakafanira kuvandudza dzokubudisa basa chinokosha ndivo, uye kemisitiri inodzidza zvokuvamba Zvinoumba pesimbi kuona Qualitative uye quantitative zviri simbi mairi.

Zvemaumbirwo ari kufunga mubvunzo: "Chii mhangura" nenzira yacho yakakodzera zvavo maindasitiri kushandiswa, nekuti sayenzi iyi kudzidza marongerwo pezvakaitwa kuitika nyika yacho mukati, mamiriro ezvinhu inotungamirwa pamatombo uye zvicherwa, ubanguranyika itsva chicherwa deposits. Dzinomirira nzvimbo pamusoro pechiso paNyika, iro mugumisiro Geological pezvakaitwa vaunganidza imwe yakakwana kwazvo nokuda maindasitiri kushandiswa chicherwa idzodzo.

Education ores

Saka, mubvunzo: "? Chii mhangura" Unogona kupindura zvizere nzira. Mhangura - dombo rine maindasitiri nesimbi kugutsikana mairi. Chete muchiitiko ichi ine ukoshi. simbi mhangura magma kuumbwa panguva kutonhora, iyo unotora yeimwe dzaro. Zvisinei, ivo crystallize, zviri zvakaparadzira pakukura kwayo mabhomba uremu. Wakakura zvikuru agadzirise kusvika pasi magma uye dzinounzwa ari oga rukoko. Nezvimwe zvicherwa vanoumba matombo, uye navamwe magma hydrothermal Urume kupararira maturo. Zvinhu zviri mukati, congealing kuumba tambo. Matombo, collapsing achifuridzirwa masimba, vari rakachengetedzwa pamusoro pasi mumadziva, pova emadhaka. Zvichienderana Zvinoumba pamatombo vakaumba siyana simbi mhangura.

simbi mhangura

Types zvicherwa izvi zvakasiyana-siyana. Chii mhangura, kunyanya simbi? Kana simbi ine yakakwana mari nokuda maindasitiri kubudiswa simbi, kunonzi yesimbi. Avo akasiyana mavambo, makemikari anoumba, uye zviri simbi tsvina uye izvo zvinogona kubatsira. Kazhinji, izvi munyaya dzisiri ferrous nesimbi, zvakadai chromium kana nickel, asi panewo hunokuvadza - sarufa kana phosphorus.

Makemikari anoumba simbi ores akapa oxides dzayo dzakasiyana uye hydroxides, kana carbonic asidhi munyu esimbi oxide. Nokuva dzakabudirira ores zviri zvitsvuku, mashava, uye magnetite uye hematite - ivo vanonzi kupfuura vapfumi uye ane simbi anopfuura 50%. By murombo inosanganisira avo umo zvishoma anobatsira sezvamunoita - 25%.

Murwiyo iron esimbi

Magnetic simbi mhangura ndiyo simbi oxide. Rine zvinopfuura 70% yakaisvonaka, asi rinowanikwa deposits nesarufa pyrites, dzimwe nguva vaine zingi blende nezvimwe masangano. Lodestone ichaongororwa akanakisisa ores kushandiswa. Hematite chinewo kusvika 70% yesimbi. Red simbi - simbi oxide - mumwe chaiyo simbi kugadzirwa zvinyorwa. A shava analogs vane kusvika 60% of simbi tigutsikane uye zvakawanikwa netsvina, dzimwe nguva chinokuvadza. Vane aqueous simbi oxide uye pamwe zvinenge zvose simbi ores. Vanodawo nyore nyore kugadzira, kubudiswa Zvisinei, simbi akawana kubva ichi mhando esimbi yakaderera yepamusoro.

Maererano simbi mhangura dhipoziti mavambo, vari mapoka mapoka makuru matatu.

1. Endogenous kana magmatogene. inotungamirwa dzavo imhaka geochemical pezvakaitwa kuitika pakadzika pasi goko, magmatic zviitiko.
2. Exogenous, kana Nechepamusoro, deposits vakasikwa pamusana pezvakaitwa kuitika penyika munzvimbo dzenyika nechepasi, kureva pasi madziva, nzizi, uye nyanza.
3. Metamorphogenic deposits dzakaumbwa panguva kudzika yakakwana kubva panyika huri pasi dzakakwirira kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha chete.

Iron mhangura reserves munyika

Russia akapfuma dzakasiyana-siyana muminda. Nyika guru - ndiko kuti Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, dzine anenge 50% munyika reserves. Munharaunda iyi, asi rinonzi magnetic anomaly yaiitwa muna XVIII remakore, asi pave deposits vakatanga chete 30s remakore rapfuura. mhangura reserves mudziva rurefu zviri yakaisvonaka simbi, vari akayera mune mabhiriyoni ematani uye kuva rakazaruka kana pachivande nzira.

Bakchar simbi mhangura dhipoziti, inova rimwe remasangano munyika uye nyika, akazarura iri 60s remakore rapfuura. mhangura reserves pakuri wevasungwa rakachena simbi uye 60% ndiwo matani anenge mabhiriyoni 30.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory ndiyo Abagasskoe munda - pamwe magnetite ores. Zvisinei, izvozvo rakaonekwa muna 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore, kwakatanga kukura chete hafu yezana remakore. In North uye South zvikamu rwedziva zvaakanga akazarukira-gomba migodhi, uye chaiyo uwandu reserves ndiyo matani mamiriyoni 73.

Yakavhurwa 1856, zviri simba Abakan simbi mhangura dhipoziti achiri. Pakutanga budiriro akanga achiitiswa rakavhurika nenzira uye 60-ies of XX remakore - pachivande ari kudzika 400 metres. wakachena simbi kugutsikana pesimbi rinouya 48%.

nickel mhangura

Chii chinonzi mhangura kuti nickel? Mineral idzodzo iyo inoshandiswa zvebhizimisi kugadzirwa simbi iyi, inonzi nickel ores. Pane sulfide nendarira uye nickel zviri yakaisvonaka simbi kusvika mana muzana uye silicate nickel ores, izvo zvakafanana mufananidzo kuti 2,9%. Kazhinji The mhando dhipoziti wokutanga mhando magma, uye silicate ores dziri munzvimbo weathering goko.

Kukura nickel maindasitiri kuRussia chokuita kukura nzvimbo yavo kuMiddle Urals iri pakati XIX remakore. Vanenge 85% sulphide deposits vari pfungwa iri Norilsk mudunhu. Deposits pamusoro Taimyr Peninsula iri kupfuma uye vakasiyana reserves zvicherwa - guru uye kupfuura nemamwe munyika, inova 56 periodic table. On kunaka nickel ores Russia haasi muduku kune dzimwe nyika, uye zvakanakira ndechokuti anowedzera dzine mashoma okunze.

Musi Kola Peninsula ane anenge gumi muzana nickel sulphide zvinhu muminda uye kuMiddle uye South Urals yakatanga silicate deposits.

Mhangura Russia vanoonekwa ne nhamba uye kusiyana vanoenderana maindasitiri mafomu. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, vane kunzwisisa dzinongoitika ezvinhu okuwana, gogonera kuparadzira munyika, mumwe mismatch kuti ruzivo yavaive munzvimbo ine arambe achirema chevanhu.