Chimupanze Ancient izvo munhu wakashanduka-shanduka

fanano ake kune tsoko vakacherechedza, zvichida, uye chinyakare vanhu. Asi, achiva zvakawanda yakabudirira nomufananidzo womunhu kuedza kwete kunzwisisa chimupanze kana gorira kufanana naye, nokuti vakakurumidza akaziva pachayo sezvo korona chisikwa wemasimbaose musiki. Kana vakanga dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka, anotarisirwa mu kwokutanga kubatana primate mavambo Homo sapiens, vakanga akasangana kusadavira, uye kazhinji noruvengo. netsoko Ancient inowanikwa pakutanga Pedigree vamwe Chirungu ishe, achiziva zvakanaka zvinosetsa. Nhasi, sayenzi akazivisa zvakananga madzitateguru kwemarudzi edu kuti akararama makore mamiriyoni 25 apfuura.

kuzitateguru

Kutaura kuti vanhu vakashanduka-shanduka kubva netsoko, kubva nemaonero emazuva anthropology - sayenzi womunhu, mavambo ake, runoonekwa kuti kururama. Human mhando hwakabva pervolyudey (dzinonzi hominids), iro zvikuru akasiyana utachiona mhando, pane imwe tsoko. First prachelovek - Australopithecus - akazviratidza makore mamiriyoni 6,5 akapfuura, uye tsoko yekare kuva kwedu tose pamwe ano netsoko kukuru tateguru - makore anenge mamiriyoni 30 apfuura.

Nzira nokudzidza Zvisaririra anoramba - chete hwakawanda huripo hwokuti mhuka yekare - tichingotarisira kuitwa akavandudzika. Mukuru Tsoko kazhinji kuti Classified nokuda chaenga rushaya kana mumwe zino. Izvi zvinotungamirira chokuti iri zano yemhindumupindu kwevanhu kune zviumbu itsva kuti mukwanisi zvizere. Chete XXI remakore, vanopfuura gumi nevaviri zvinhu zvakadaro zvinowanikwa munyika dzakasiyana panyika.

kupatsanura

Izvi ano anthropology nguva achiudza, iyo inoita zvinhu zviri kupatsanura kwemarudzi kuti munhu ndohwavo. Izvi zvinoshanda uwane dzakabatana, yose hurongwa anoramba haachinji. Maererano achangopfuura maonero, munhu ndohwaJehovha mukirasi mhuka, sezvakanga zvarayirwa primates, suborder tsoko idzi, kwakabva hominid mhuri, mutana, nemutsa uye subspecies ose Homo sapiens (name sapiens).

Kupatsanura yepedyo "hama" munhu - imwe nyaya kugara gakava. Imwe nzira vangatarira seizvi:

• Boka primates:
  • Prosimians.
  • tsoko izvi:
    • Dolgopyatova.
    • Of World New.
    • Old World:
      • Zvikanganiso netsoko.
      • hominids:
        • ponginae:
          • Orangutan.
          • Borneysky orangutan.
          • Sumatran orangutan.
      • hominin:
        • magorira:
          • Western gorira.
          • gorira Eastern.
        • chimupanze:
          • Common chimupanze.
          • Pygmy chimupanze.
        • vanhu:
          • Homo sapiens.

Rakatanga netsoko

Pakusarudza nguva chaiyo uye nzvimbo yaigara tsoko, uyewo dzimwe mhando dzakawanda, pane akafanana mufananidzo nezvishoma ikaonekwa Polaroids. Inowanikwa siyana nzvimbo nyika raputika mukwanisi zvizere, izvo kuchijeka. Panguva iyoyowo vakaziva kuti kushanduka-shanduka haisi yakarurama mutsetse - zviri nani yakafanana mugwenzi apo mapazi mazhinji semhinganidzo. Saka, kusvikira kuvakwa kupfuura rimwe chidimbu ane zvakajeka nzira kubva chinyakare mhuka kuti primatopodobnyh name sapiens ichiri kure, asi pane dzakawanda bhuku points.

Purgatorius - duku, hapana kurei kupfuura mbeva, mhuka aigara pamiti, tichiverenga tumbuyu muna Yokumusoro Cretaceous uye Paleogene nguva (makore mamiriyoni 100-60 apfuura). Masayendisiti akariisa pamusoro hochekoche Kushanduka primates. Akawana chete kutanga kwezviratidzo (anatomical, zvounhu, etc.), tive tsoko: uropi nekaupenyu guru, zvigunwe zvishanu maoko nemakumbo, nechepazasi wembereko pamwe pasina maberekero mwaka, omnivorous, uye vamwe.

Tanga hominids

Ancient chimupanze, anthropoid madzitateguru, akasiya zvisaririra kubva mushakabvu Oligocene (makore mamiriyoni 33-23 apfuura). Ivo uchiri ari anatomical zviri tsoko Old World akarerwa vanodzidza nezvavanhu panguva yakaderera pamwero: pfupi nzeve canal, riri kunze, mune dzimwe mhando - pamberi muswe, kusavapo specialization muzvidimbu zvikuru uye zvimwe zvaidiwa marangwanda mamiriro ari pamaoko uye netsoka.

Pakati mhuka idzi Zvisaririra pakati dangwe vaiona prokonsulidy. Zvakakurukurwa nemamiriro kwemeno, kukura uye kukura dehenya ane zvakawedzera hama kune dzimwe wake uropi dhipatimendi kubvumira masayendisiti-paleoanthropologists prokonsulidov zvakabatanidzwa humanoid. To kuti he tsoko mhando iyi proconsuls, kalepiteki, geliopiteki, nyanzapiteki uye vamwe. Mazita aya akaumbwa akawanda mazita nenzvimbo dzakabatana, pedyo iyo yakawanikwa Zvisaririra zvimedu.

Rukvapitek

Most anowana zvikuru mapfupa vekare paleoanthropologists kuita pamusoro kondinendi African. Muna February 2013, akaudzwa masayendisiti paleoprimatologov kubva US, Australia uye Tanzania iri migumisiro paicherwa matongo Rukwa mumupata kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero Tanzania. Vakanga vakawana chaenga rezasi rushaya meno mana - zvisaririra pazvisikwa vakagarako makore mamiriyoni 25.2 ago - kuti ichi chaiva nemakore padombo apo kuwana yakawanikwa.

On nezvokuzadziswa sechivako shaya mazino akawanikwa kuti muridzi chomumwe chinyakare anthropoid netsoko dzemhuri prokonsulidov. Rukvapitek - saka tateguru hominids kwave zita, mukuru Zvisaririra netsoko, nokuti mamiriyoni 3 years ekare kupfuura chero yakawanikwa kusvikira 2013 paleoprimatov. Pane dzimwe pfungwa, asi vari chokuita chokuti masayendisiti akawanda vanotenda prokonsulidov zvakare chinyakare venyama chidzore anthropoid yavo yechokwadi. Asi mubvunzo uyu kupatsanura, chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana sayenzi.

driopithecus

Munguva Geological sediments Miocene (makore mamiriyoni 12-8 apfuura) kuEast Africa, Europe uye China akawanikwa zvasara mhuka masayendisiti paleoanthropologists basa basa shanduka pabazi prokonsulidov kuti hominids izvi. Driopithecus (chiGiriki "Drios." - muti) - anonzi nemaape yekare uyo akava vanhuwo tateguru chimupanze, magorira uye vanhu. Pazvinowanikwa uye kudanana kubvumira kuti tinzwisise kuti tsoko izvi vanotarisira zvakafanana kwazvo chimupanze ano vakaumba mugomba guru vakawanda, kutanga Africa uye ipapo kupararira Europe uye Eurasia yose.

Kuwedzera pamusoro 60 cm mhuka idzi vari kuedza kusimudza maoko nemakumbo maduku, asi kunyanya vaigara pamiti uye aiva refu "maoko". Ancient driopithecus Tsoko vakadya michero uye muchero, seizvi kubva nemamiriro molars kuti akanga asina chaizvo gobvu enamel rukoko. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa driopithecus pachena ukama murume, uye kuvapo zvakanaka dzakabudirira canine mazino zvinovaita oga hominid tateguru mamwe - chimupanze uye magorira.

Gigantopithecus

Muna 1936, kujairika Tsoko mazino wandei netsaona akawira mumaoko paleontologists, vaguely humanlike. Zvava chikonzero panowanikwa shanduro zvavo zviripo zvokushandisa kubva risingazivikanwi bazi shanduka madzitateguru murume. Chikuru chikonzero chidzoke vakadai dzidziso kwaiva kungoitira kukura mazino - vakanga kaviri sezvo mazino zhinji gorira. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira nayo akazviratidza kuti pavanatenzi vavo vaiva kukura kupfuura mamita 3!

wose rushaya nameno zvakafanana, uye kare Tsoko nehofori ine macabre Kufungidzira kuva chokwadi nesayenzi rave yakawanikwa makore 20. Pashure kufambidzana kunyatsoenderana pakati anowana, zvakava pachena kuti hombe netsoko yaivapo iyoyo sezvo Pithecanthropus (muchiGiriki "pitekos." - monkey) - nemaape, kureva, anenge mamiriyoni 1 apfuura. Zvave kuti ivo - yakananga dzevanhu kumadziteteguru zvinobatanidzwa kunyangarika mukuru zvose zviripo munyika yose tsoko.

herbivorous hofori

Analysis kwezvakatipoteredza umo zvimedu mapfupa hofori akawanikwa, uye kudzidza woga shaya uye meno yakaratidza kuti huru zvokudya Gigantopithecus vakashumira yemishenjere nezvimwe zvinomera. Asi pane zvave zviitiko dzakaonekwa mubako, uko vakawana mapfupa tsoko, zvikara, nyanga uye mahwanda, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise nehanya navo sezvo omnivores. Kunyange ikoko, uye hofori ibwe nematurusi.

It akatevera vatiwo: Gigantopithecus - yekare nemaape kukura anosvika 4 metres uye uremu pamusoro nehafu peche - rimwe davi hadzisi kuzadzika hominization. It Vakawana kuti nguva kutsakatika yavo rakaenderana kunyangarika dzimwe humanoid pavarefu - African australopithecines. Possible chikonzero - okunze zviitiko zvava nengozi kuti hombe hominids.

Maererano dzidziso dzinonzi cryptozoologists (chiGiriki: ". Kryptos" - muchivande, akavanda), vamwe vanhu Gigantopithecus akapukunyuka nguva yedu, uye mune zvakaoma kuti nzvimbo vanhu paNyika, achipa usimuke kuti ngano dzose "yeti", Yeti, Bigfoot, almasty uye zvichingodaro.

White makwapa pakati Biography pamusoro Homo sapiens

Pasinei nokufambira mberi mune paleoanthropology, mune shanduka cheni, apo pakutanga inogarwa iri tsoko yekare, umo maiva murume, pane kukundikana inogara kusvikira makore miriyoni imwe. Ivo vakaratidza pasina Links pamwe zvesayenzi - kuvabereki, microbiological, anatomical, etc. -. Zadzisai ukama nezvawagara kwaizotevera mhando hominids.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti zvishoma nezvishoma mavara aya chena munhoroondo kwakabva murume vachanyangarika uye manzwiro ane extraterrestrial kana naMwari pakutanga yebudiriro yedu, izvo nguva nenguva zvakaziviswa pamusoro varaidzo migero vane chokuita nesayenzi yechokwadi.