Chipingaidzo nemafungu

Pakati zviitiko chinoratidza chinozunguzirwa kupararira, chipingaidzo mafungu rinoreva, kunoratidzwa pakuti yakawiriranwa superposition mafungu zviviri zvingaitika amplification uye attenuation pakati oscillations.

Kuti tinyatsoziva Fani iyi, funga zvaizoitika kudai chete wavelength vachange kuuya imwe nzvimbo.

Patinoona Fani iyi Example mafungu pakuwanza pamusoro pemvura. Isu icharamba pave nemafungu pamusoro pemvura zvimwe zviviri muzano. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, pedyo nemvura pamusoro vachaisa kumigumo waya mbiri vachikoshesa kune kwakavharwa nenyama simbi ndiro. Kana oscillation kunonoka ndiro kumigumo chichange nguva mumvura, uye fadza oscillations pakuwanza sezvo mafungu zvakaenzana urefu pamusoro pemvura. Imwe neimwe kunonoka chinozunguzirwa excites maitiro ako. Zviviri zvinozunguzirwa hurongwa seari pane mumwe, dyidzana, uye nokudaro zvichava chipingaidzo nemafungu.

Zvakakosha kuti vaviri chinozunguzirwa hurongwa kunge akabvuma, t. E. To chete Vakazosvika kubva nzvimbo oscillations mu chete maitikiro, kana vari apo imwe kubva danho (semuenzaniso, une danho kushorwa), chaishanda nguva chehupenyu hazvifaniri kushandurwa. mafungu yakadaro inonzi coherent. In kuedza ichi, kuti coherence kubudirira kuti mativi ose waya nguva nenguva panguva kubata mvura pamusoro - kusiya nzvimbo kuzunguzira oscillations imwe chete chokutambudzika.

Vaka mufananidzo superposition vaviri coherent mafungu hurongwa. The madenderedzwa zvikukutu kureva annular crests nemafungu pakuwanza achitevedza pemvura kubva zvinyorwa, uye Dziine mutsetse - depression. Pfungwa pane mafungu zvose hurongwa pakuri maitikiro ane negomba mhango uye penyika ine penyika, - Dots yakakura oscillations (maxima). Points of attenuated oscillation (minima) dziri mu uko mhango asangana imwe chinozunguzirwa penyika kune dzimwe nzvimbo. In pamberi namafungu coherence interleave uchichinja maxima uye minima ichava yakatsiga. Kutaura zvazviri, kana uri Parizvino pane imwe nguva padzinosangana, kuzora mafuta pamwe Muzinga, shure hafu nguva imwe chete vanosangana pamwe negomba mhango, uye pashure nehafu nguva zvakare muzinga pamwe Muzinga, nezvimwewo, kureva, panguva ino zvose nguva vaifanira oscillation. vanoshanda hwemabasa maxima uye minima pamusoro amplitudes ose oscillation anonzi chipingaidzo muenzaniso. A chinozunguzirwa superposition Fani, achiumba ane chipingaidzo muenzaniso inonzi chipingaidzo mafungu.

Kugadzirisa mubvunzo kana, mune maitikiro uchasangana pane imwe nguva mune apindire mafungu, zvakakodzera kufungawo musiyano akavapindurawo yavo. Zvaringana kuti nhamba mafungu nhengo ezvinhu, stowed chinhambwe pakati pfungwa vafarire ichava nenguva yakanaka uye neyakaoma uye nzvimbo oscillation. Tichaona kuti maxima vari avo pfungwa dziri, kana vari dzakaenzana kure vose nzvimbo, kana panguva pfungwa apo nzira musiyano unoenderana ane kunyange nhamba hafu-mafungu, ukuwo minimums - ane vasinganzwisisike nhamba.

Muenzaniso ruzivo ichi, zvatakurukura Chiitiko kuti kukanganiswa ose zvemaziso nemafungu.

Zvisinei, ari kukanganiswa chinoshamisa handivo voga mafungu yomuka pamusoro pemvura, asi ose nemafungu: acoustic, remagetsi uye nevamwe. Naizvozvo, kana chiedza ane chinozunguzirwa ehupfumi, ipapo superposition ari matanda maviri zvikaitika chipingaidzo chiedza nemafungu.

Sources kuti emit mafungu dzakadaro dzinonzi coherent. In optics, coherent anogona chete vasikwa artificially.

Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti kukanganiswa mafungu (chero, kusanganisira chiedza) rinowanikwa chete kana mafungu iyo anosangana, vane kakawanda uye nguva-nemataundi kutotanga kuchinja panguva imwe neimwe pfungwa.